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THE 


NAUTILUS. 

A  MONTHLY  JOURNAL 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS  OF 

CONCHOLOGISTS. 


VOL.  X. 
MAY,  1896,  to  APRIL,  1897. 


PHILADELPHIA  : 
Published  by  H.  A.  PILSBRY  and  C.  W.  JOHNSON. 


INDEX 


TO 


THE  NAUTILUS,  VOL   X. 


IXDEX  TO  TITLES  AND  SPECIES  DESCRIBED. 


Achatinellida?,  description  of  two  new  species 31 

Agriolimax  campestris  in  the  Pecos  Valley,  N.  M.    ...  35 

Amaatra  aurostoma,  n.  sp 31 

American  Association  of  Concliologists 94 

Amnicolidse,  note  on  the  genera  of  South  American  ...  119 

Anctus  (?)  Stearnsianus  Pilsbry,  n.  sp 41 

Arion  hortensis  in  green-house,  Seattle,  Wash 70 

Aspergillum  giganteum  Sowb 23 

Bahia,  Brazil,  list  of  mollusks  collected   by  Dr.  H.  von 

Ihering 121 

Buliniiilus  hypodon  Pilsbry,  n.  sp 102 

Bulinuilus  lamellifer  Pilsbry,  n.  sp 103 

Bulimus,  a  new  species  of 41 

Bulimus  galericulum  Mouss.,  on  the  generic  position  of    .  109 

Bulimus  Hanleyi  and  B.  coronatus,  note  on 46 

Callista  varians  Hanley  in  eastern  Florida 70 

Callistochiton  decoratus  var.  punctocostatus  Pilsbry,  n.  var.  50 

Campbell,  John  H.,  in  memoriam 116 

Campeloma  decisum  Say,  reversed 118 

Carychium  exile,  note  on 12 

Casco  Bay  Notes 73 

Chitons,  notes  on  some  West  American 49 

Chondropoma  (Ctenopoma)  Bahamense  Shutt  at  Key  West  96 

Cochlicella  ventricosa  Drap.  near  Charleston,  S.  C.   .    .    .  105 

Conrad,  Timothy  Abbott 110 

Cuttle  fishes  washed  ashore  in  San  Pedro  Bay 11 

Cyrenoidea  caloosaensis  Dall,  n.  sp 52 

Cyrenoidea  floridana  (Dall,  MS.  1889)  n.  sp 52 

Cyrenoidea,  on  the  American  species  of 51 


IV  THE   NAUTILUS. 

Draparnaudia  Montrouz 110 

Editorial  correspondence 53 

Endodouta  (?)  tenuiscripta  Ancey,  n.  sp 90 

Ervilia  concentrica  Gould 26 

Ervilia   maculosa  Dall,  n.  sp 26 

Ervilia  nitens  (Mont.)  Turton 25 

Ervilia,  the  American  species  of 25 

Ervilia  subcancellata  Smith 26 

Extracts  from  a  note  book 82 

Fossils  of  Dead  Man's  Island 140 

Fossil  shells  of  San  Pedro  Bay 

Goose  Fair  Brook 15 

Helicina  plicatula  var.  christophori  Pilsbry,  n.  var.  .    .    .  118 
Helix  alternata,  influence  of  environment  upon  the  form 

and  color  of 63 

Helix  nemoralis  at  Lexington,  Va 142 

lanthina 133 

Isaac  Lea  Department  of  Agassiz  Association,  10,  33,  43, 

56,  68,  81,  92,  106,  112,  123,  140 

Ischnoehiton  scabricostatus  Cpr 49 

Land  and  fresh  water  shells  collected  by  Dr.  "\Ym.  H.  Rush 

in  Uruguay  and  Argentina 76 

Land  mollusca  from  the  rejectamenta  of  the  Rio  Grande, 

N.  M 41 

Land  shells  of  Quebec  City  and  district,  notes  on  ....  98 

Large  Decapod 108 

Leda  caelata  Hinds,  note  on 70 

Leda  cellulita  Dall,  n.  sp.  .    .' 1 

Leda  conceptions  Dall,  n.  sp 

Leda  from  the  Pacific  Coast,  new  species  of 1 

Leda  leonina  Dall,  n.  sp 

Leda  pontonia   Dall 

Lepyrium  Dall,  n.  gen 15 

Lia,  note  on 47 

Limnrea  bulimoides  Lea  resisting  drought  .  96 

Mactra,  note  on 47 

Mactrella  Iheringi  Dall,  n.  sp 123 

Marine  shells  on  the  southern  California  Coast 56 

Melania  vatensis  Ancey,  n.  sp 90 

Methods,  chapter  on 43 


THE    NAUTILUS.  V 

Mexican  land  shells 59 

Moores,  Henry,  in  memoriam 128 

Mopalia  imporeata  Cpr 

Neobeliscus,  n.  gen 

Neritina  coccinea  Ancey,  n.  sp 

Neritina  Showalteri  Lea,  note  on 

New  or  rare  species  of  marine  mollusca  recently  found  in 

British  Columbia 16 

New  publications  received  .    .    .    .  2,  23,  35,  47,  60,  70,  120,  131 
New  Hebrides  Archipelago,  new  shells  from  the    ....  90 

Notes  and  news   .    .    .    .    .  22,  34,  47,  59,  70,  96,  108,  117,  130 
Notes  on  collection  of  shells  in  museums  of  Paris,  Berlin 

and  Amsterdam 61 

Notes  on  Florida  mollusca 40 

Notes  on  mollusks  of  Florida 27 

Notes  on  new  species  of  Amuicolidre  collected  by  Dr.  Rush 

in  Uruguay 

Notes  on  some  Ontario  shells 10 

Odor  of  snails •    •  84 

Olvia,  some  references  to  the  genus  (illustrated)    .    .    . 

Paludina  heterostropha  Kirtlaud 

Partulina   Hayseldeni 

Pisidia,  a  few  notes  on • 

Pisidia,  descriptions  of  new 

Pisidium  fallax  Sterki,  n.  sp 

Pisidium  pauperculum  Sterki,  n.  sp.  .    .    . 

Pisidium  scutellatum  Sterki,  n.  sp 

Pisidium  vesiculare  Sterki,  n.  sp.  .    .    . 

Plauorbis  nautileus  L.  in  America 117,  130,  13J 

Pomatiopsis  Hinkleyi  Pilsbry,  n.  sp 

Postage  on  specimens  of  natural  history 127 

Potamolithus,  new  genus 86 

Potamolithus  bisinuatus  n.  sp 

Potamolithus  bisinuatus  obsoletus,  n.  var 

Potamolithus  dinochilus  n.  sp 87 

Potamolithus  gracilis  n.sp 

Potamolithus  gracilis  viridis,  n.  var 

Potamolithus  hidalgoi,n.  sp 87 

Potamolithus  Iheriugi,  n.  sp 87 

Potamolithus  lapidum  supersulcatus,  n.  var.    .    . 


VI  THE   NAUTILUS. 

Potamolithus  microthauma  n.sp 87 

Potamolithus  Orbignyi,  n.sp 88 

Potamolithus  Rusbii  Pils.,  n.  sp 87 

Potamolithus  Sykesii,  n.  sp 88,  89 

Pseudopartula   Pfr.    .    .    .    , 109,  110 

Puget  Sound,  notes  on  some  shells  from 68 

Punctual  conspectum  var.  pasadense  Pilsbry,  n.  var.  ...  21 

Pupa,  a  new  form  of 143 

Purpura  lapillus  var.  umbricata 85 

Pyramidula  strigosa,  young 119 

Schmacker  B.  (obituary) 72 

Shells  of  Maryland 23 

Sinistral    land  shells 104 

Snailery,  my •  113 

Some  laud  shells  of  Michigan 84 

Spuaeria,  a  word  about 29 

Sphyradium  (Pupa)  edentulum  Drap.,  the  systematic  posi- 
tion of 75 

Sulcobasis,  anatomy  of 119 

Syuapterpes,  n.gen 46 

Trachydermon  Sharpii  Pilsbry,  n.sp 50 

Tray  of  shells  from  Denmark 124 

Unionidre,  descent  and  distribution  of 5 

Unio  Askewi  Marsh,  n.sp.,  pi.  I,  figs.  3,4 91,  121 

Unio  Brimleyi  Wright,  n.  sp 138 

Unio  Burtchianus  Wright,  n.  sp 137 

Unio  Kirklandianus  Wright,  n.  sp 136 

Unio  Lehmanii  Wright,  n.  sp 138 

Unios,  the  muscle  scars  of 29 

Unio  Piukstouii  Wright,  n.sp 136 

Unio  superioriensis  Marsh,  n.sp., pi.  I,  figs.  1,  2,  5   .    .    .    .103,  121 

Unios  of  Illinois  River 106 

United  States  Umonidaj,  contribution  to  a  knowledge  of  .  136 

Vallonia  pulchella  in  Pittsburgh 143 

Van  Nostraud,  Henry  D.  (obituary) 93 

Vertigo  coloradensis  and  its  allies 134 

Vitrea  cellaria  Mull.,  notes  on 142 

Weight  and  size  of  shells 

Zonites  glaber  Stud,  and   Zonites  lucidus  Drap.  in  green- 
houses, Seattle,  Washington 70 


INDEX  TO  CONTRIBUTORS. 


Ancey,  C.  F 90,  104 

Arnold,  Delos 33,  140 

Baldwin,  D.  D 31 

Brarlshaw,  Mrs.  F.  M •     .    .    .    .  82 

Brooke,  Mrs.  John  M 142 

Campbell,  Mrs.  E.  D.  G 56 

Olap|>,  Geo.  H 143 

Cockerell,  T.  D.  A 35.41,  134,  143 

Ball,  Wm.H 1,  13,  25,  51,  70,  121 

Drake,  Mrs.  Marie 68 

Ford,  John 3,110,  117 

Gardner,  A.  H 43 

Hanham,  A.  W •     ....    98,  130 

Henderson.  John  B 72,  128 

Johnson,  C.  W 53,  61,  128,  144 

Keep,  Josiah 124 

Lemon,  James  H 10 

Lowe,  H 11 

Marsh,  Wm.  A 91,  103 

Mazyck,  Wm.   G 105 

Newcombe,  C.  F 16 

Olney,  Mary  P 84,  119 

Ormsbee,  C.  C 13 

Pilsbry,  H.  A 21,  37,  41,  46,  49,  76,  86,  102,  109,  118 

Randolph,  P.  B 70 

Roberts,  S.  Raymond 93 

Roper,   Edward  W 29 

Rush,  Wm.  H 76 

Simpson,  Charles  T 29,  57,  133 

Smith,  H 84 

Soper,  MissC 113 

Stearns,  R.  E.  C 85 

Sterki,  Dr.  V 8,  20,  64,  75 

Streng,  L.  H 23 

Strode,  Dr.  W.  S 106 

Taylor,  Geo.  W 139 

Walker,  Leon 142 

White,  Frank  A 40 

Willcox,  Joseph 27 

Williamson,  Mrs.  M.  Burton 10,32,112,123 

Winkley,  Henry  W 15,  38,  47,  73 

Wright,  Berlin'H 5 

Wright,  S.  Hart 136 

(vii) 


THE  NAUTILUS. 

VOL.  x.  MAY,  1896.  No.  1 

NEW  SPECIES  OF  LEDA  FROM  THE  PACIFIC  COAST. 
BY  WM.  H.  DALL. 


The  species  of  Leda  from  the  littoral  zone  nortli  from  Panama 
are  not  numerous,  though  individuals  are  plenty  in  suitable  locali- 
ties. Leda  hamata  Cpr.  is  only  known  from  the  Sta.  Barbara 
Islands.  Leda  ccelata  Hinds  ranges  from  Bodega  Bay  to  Lower 
California  in  6  to  60  fms.  Leda  fossa  Baird  is  known  from  Bering 
Sea  to  Puget  Sound.  Leda  cuneata  Sby.,  from  Panama  to  Mon- 
terey and  also  in  the  Atlantic.  Leda  minttta  Fabr.,  a  circumpolar 
species,  reaches  south  as  far  as  Puget  Sound  on  the  Pacific.  Omit- 
ting some  Arctic  and  abyssal  species,  the  above-mentioned  five  spe- 
cies include  all  hitherto  recognized  from  the  western  coast  of  the 
United  States.  I  am  now  able  to  add  three  well  defined  species  to 
the  list. 

Leda  celhilita  n.  s. 

Shell  solid,  with  a  dull  olive-gray  epidermis,  moderately  convex, 
with  subcentral,  not  prominent  beaks,  base  profound!}"  arcuate,  an- 
terior dorsal  slope  rounded,  posterior  straight  or  slightly  concave  ; 
posterior  extreme  bluntly  pointed  ;  escutcheon  large,  transversely 
striate  ;  lunule  not  differentiated  but  similarly  striate;  sculpture  of 
fine  sharp,  concentric  grooves  with  wider  interspaces,  less  arcuate 
than  the  incremental  lines  ;  chondrophore  small,  triangular,  not 
projecting,  with  22  anterior  and  16  posterior  hinge  teeth  on  the 
cardinal  border.  Height  10-5;  diameter  7'2  ;  length  15'5  mm. 

Puget  Sound  near  Port  Orchard,  dredged  by  the  Young  Natural- 
ists' Society  of  Seattle,  Wash. 


2  THE     NAUTILUS. 

This  species  is  less  inflated,  less  polished,  with  finer  grooving  and 
less  recurved  rostrum  than  L.  ccelata.  It  is  heavier,  more  inflated, 
and  with  a  coarser  hinge  plate  and  larger  teeth  than  L.  confuta 
Hanley  (L.  pellu  Sby.  non  Lin.)  from  Japan. 

Leda  leoniiin  n.  s. 

Shell  rather  thin,  compressed,  with  the  low  beaks  at  the  anterior 
third  ;  base  slightly  arcuate,  anterior  end  rounded,  posterior  dorsal 
slope  concave,  luuule  and  escutcheon  narrow,  elongate,  strongly  im- 
pressed, smooth,  with  the  valve  margins  elevated  ;  rostrum  broadly 
and  a  little  obliquely  truncate  ;  sculpture  of  thin  sharp  concentric 
lamella?  strongest  on  the  rostrum,  epidermis  dull  olive-gray,  dehis- 
cent ;  hinge  with  22  anterior  and  28  posterior  teeth,  the  choudro- 
phore  small,  inconspicuous.  Height  11  ;  length  23'5  ;  diameter 
5'25  mm. 

Off  Sea  Lion  Rock,  Coast  of  Washington  in  477-559  fathoms, 
mud,  U.  S.  Fish  Commission. 

This  species  bears  a  distant  resemblance  to  L.  t>  iiiii^n/cntn  but 
cannot  be  confounded  with  it. 

Leda  eoneeptionis  u.  s. 

Shell  elongate,  smooth,  polished,  compressed,  with  the  beaks  iu 
the  anterior  third  ;  base  arcuate,  prominent  below  the  beaks  ;  ante- 
rior dorsal  slope  slightly  rounded,  posterior  slope  straight,  rostrum 
narrow,  pointed,  obliquely  truncate,  cardinal  margin  elevated  be- 
tween the  halves  of  the  narrow  impressed,  almost  linear  lunule  and 
escutcheon  ;  beaks  very  small,  low,  the  prodissocouch  conspicuous  ; 
hinge  with  18  anterior  and  33  posterior  small  and  delicate  teeth  ; 
the  chondrophore  narrow,  produced  posteriorly,  interior  of  the  ros- 
trum without  a  longitudinal  septum.  Height  10-5  ;  length  27'5  ; 
diameter  4'5  mm. 

From  Sannakh  Islands,  Alaska,  to  the  Santa  Barbara  Channel 
in  200-500  fathoms,  especially  off  Point  Conception,  Gala.,  in  278 
fathoms,  U.  S.  Fish  Com. 

This  is  nearest  to  L.  jilatesxa  Dall,  from  off  Rio  Janeiro,  but  that 
species  is  smaller,  with  much  fewer  teeth  and  has  a  strong  septal 
ridge  dividing  the  interior  of  the  rostrum. 

Ledn  jii'iitonia  Dall,  originally  described  from  812  fathoms  off 
the  Galapagos  Islands,  has  since  been  dredged  iu  822  fathoms  ofF 
San  Diego,  California,  thus  adding  another  to  the  rapidly  increas- 
ing list  of  species  which  occur  off  the  coast  of  West  America  in  both 
hemispheres. 


THE    NAUTILUS. 
SOME  REFERENCES  TO  TE.E  GENUS  OLIVA. 


BY  JOHN  FORD. 


Of  all  the  marine  univalve?  tbe  Olives  are  perhaps  among  the 
most  difficult  to  define  specifically.  It  is  true  that  the  most  irregu- 
lar forms  can  in  some  instances  be  readily  determined  and  properly 
placed  by  expert  conchologists,  for  however  greatly  they  may  differ 
from  the  accepted  types,  certain  characters,  proving  a  common  ori- 
gin, are  always  perceivable.  This  is  especially  the  case  with  such 
species  as  0.  injiata  Lam.,  0.  mnura  Lam.,  and  0.  peruv'unia  Lam. 

(Fig.  1). 

To  other  species,  however,  many  shells  have  been  assigned  which 
are  apparently  devoid  of  characters  necessary  to  sustain  the  rela- 
tionship claimed  for  them.  In  this  group  may  be  included  O.  ara- 
tieosa  Lam.,  0.  irisans  Lam.,  0.  ispidida  Linn.,  and  0.  reticularis 
Lam.  So  variable  both  in  form  and  color  patterns  are  many  of  the 
shells  assigned  to  these  fourspecies.it  is  not  at  all  strange  that  they 
have  been  honored  with  scores  of  specific  names.  That  a  majority 
of  these  names  are  synonymous  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt,  but  it 
seems  equally  apparent  that  quite  a  number  of  the  shells,  the  names 
of  which  have  been  thus  subordinated,  are  really  specifically  dis- 
tinct from  the  types  with  which  they  are  associated. 


FIG.  1.  FIG.  2.  FIG.  3. 

0.  peruviana  Lam.  0.  erylhrostoma  Lam.         0.  porphyria  Lam. 

Among  these  may  be  noted  0.  ornata  Marratt  and  O.  julietta 
Duclos.  which  some  recent  writers  have  determined  to  be  varieties 
only,  the  former  of  0.  irisans,  the  latter  of  0.  unmeosa.  If  there 


THE    NAUTILUS. 


is  an  affinity  between  these  so-called  varieties  and  the  species  men- 
tioned, I  have  failed  to  discover  it,  though  in  possession,  perhaps,  of 
every  form  of  the  shells  in  question  known  to  science. 

Certain  writers  also  claim  that  the  difference  between  O.  irisans 
and  0.  textilinn  Lam.  is  merely  varietal.  Possibly  this  may  be 
true ;  still,  the  facts  do  not  appear  to  favor  any  such  conclusion. 
On  the  contrary,  the  characters  exhibited  by  large  numbers  of  each 
clearly  show  them  to  be  specifically  distinct. 

It  is  just  possible  that  intervening  forms  linking  the  two  together 
are  known,  such  for  instance,  as  those  uniting  the  typical  0.  iritans 
with  its  admitted  varieties  0.  zelanica  Lam.,  0.  tremulina,  Lam., 
and  0.  erythrostoma  Lam.  (Fig.  2),  but  if  so  they  are  certainly  ab- 
sent from  the  several  large  collections  of  Olives  belonging  to  mem- 
bers of  the  American  Association  of  Conchologists  and  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Natural  Sciences.  These  are  but  a  few  samples 
of  the  difficulties  at  present  barring  the  way  to  a  thorough  com- 
prehension of  the  specific  relationship  of  the  various  members  of 
the  genus.  The  presence  of  such  obstacles,  however,  should  be  to 
the  earnest  student  more  of  a  pleasure  than  an  annoyance,  since 
any  effort  for  their  removal  will  surely  give  him  ample  opportunity 
to  exercise  both  his  judgment  and  powers  of  observation.  Despite 
the  individual  vagaries  referred  to,  the  genus  is  a  thoroughly  at- 
tractive one,  many  of  the  species,  indeed,  being  unsurpassed  in 


FIK.  4    <->.  cri/jiltix/iint  Ford. 


FIG.  5. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  0 

richness  of  color  and  perfection  of  form  by  even  the  more  preten- 
tious members  of  the  genus  Cyprsea. 

Among  the  most  charming  of  the  55  or  60  accepted  species,  0. 
porphyria  Lam.  (Fig.  3)  may  be  safely  reckoned.  These  are  the 
"tent  shells"  of  the  amateur  collector,  being  so-called  from  the 
peculiar  patterns  which  often  cover  the  surface  in  such  profusion  as 
to  suggest  a  large  military  encampment,  including  the  marquees 
supposed  to  be  necessary  for  official  comfort,  etc. 

The  ground  color,  on  which  these  tent-like  figures  appear,  is  of  a 
deep  chocolate  hue  and  exceedingly  brilliant.  Add  to  this  the 
graceful  form  of  the  shell  and  we  may  readily  see  that  the  combina- 
tion presents  a  picture  of  the  utmost  beauty. 

0.  cn/ptoxpira  Ford  (Figs.  4,  5)  is  smaller  and  less  charming  in 
appearance  than  0.  porphyria,  but  the  callus-covered  spire  and 
enamelled  body  whorl  make  it  a  very  interesting  species.  The 
type  of  this  is  in  my  own  collection.  There  is,  however,  a  fine  suite 
of  typical  specimens  in  the  Phila.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  and,  I 
think,  a  similar  set  in  the  TJ.  S.  National  Museum  at  Washington. 


DESCENT  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  UNIONIDJE. 


BY  BERLIN  H.  WEIGHT,  PENN  VAN,  N.  Y. 

It  must  be  admitted  that  the  Unionidse  are  under  the  same 
natural  laws,  and  occult  forces,  that  have  operated  for  vast  ages  on 
all  animal  and  vegetal  life.  Fossilized  Unios  are  found  in  several 
geological  formations,  and  all  living  Unios  are  their  descendants,  or 
else  they  are  new  creations.  But  no  evidence  sustains  the  theory 
of  successive  creations.  On  the  contrary,  we  behold  everywhere 
successive  new  but  related  forms  of  descent  on  divergent  lines. 
Nowhere  is  this  astonishing  fact  better  exemplified  than  in  the  nu- 
merous species  of  Unionidie.  But  what  causes  the  new  forms?  If 
not  direct  creations — a  baseless  theory — they  are  the  outcome  of 
changed  conditions  of  life  or  varying  environments. 

Geographical  distribution  furnishes  such  environments.  The 
young  fry  of  the  Naiads  have  a  byssus  which  generally  disappears 
early  and  with  this  appendage  they  can  and  do  attach  themselves 
to  the  legs  of  ducks,  wading  birds  and  floating  objects.  They  are 
then  easily  transported  by  the  semi-annual  bird  migration,  from 
river  to  river,  and  from  lake  to  lake,  and  eventually  to  very  remote 


THE    JNAUTILU8. 

regions.  New  habitats,  with  new  climates,  and  with  changed 
chemical  qualities  of  new  waters,  and  with  new  food  materials, 
must  disturb  the  usual  and  normal  lines  of  descent.  A  change  in 
the  activity  of  functions  of  organs,  affecting  the  physiology  of  the 
animal  must  result.  Over  stimulation  of  some  functions,  and  de- 
pressed activity  of  others,  must  change  the  tenor  of  life,  ultimately 
evolving  new  shell  characters,  and  minimizing  old  ones,  or  even  re- 
ducing them  to  a  rudimentary  state — all  being  effected  by  change 
of  environment. 

The  dispersion  of  species  is  scarcely  affected  by  mountain  ranges, 
but  oceans  are  potential  barriers.  Distribution  eastward  or  west- 
ward is  very  slow,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  migrations  of  water 
fowls  and  birds,  is  mainly  from  north  to  south  and  vice  verxn.  The 
spawn,  fry  or  seeds  being  carried  in  these  migrations,  causes  a  great 
mixing  of  fauna  and  flora,  ou  the  lines  of  migration. 

The  paucity  of  Unionidse  west  of  the  100th  meridian  is  probably 
due  to  the  fact  that  since  the  laying  of  the  cretaceous  beds  there 
and  the  destruction  of  the  once  numerous  forms  of  Naiads  that 
swarmed  in  that  region,  by  the  great  upheavals  of  the  country- 
there  has  not  been  sufficient  time  to  repopulate.  There  are  signs, 
however,  of  adveutive  Naiads,  even  frdm  Europe,  there.  Mari/m-i- 
tana  ([*»/«)  margaritifera  L.  and  Anodonia  cygnea  L.  from  Europe, 
neither  of  them  fully  divorced  from  their  Old  World  progenitors, 
seem  to  have  somehow  got  a  lodgement  in  California  and  Oregon, 
though  Drs.  Lea  and  Gould  did  not  detect  it.  Mr.  Simpson  suggests 
that  the  Californian  A.  cygnea  is  the  parent  of  the  "tramp"  .1. 
<  j-iliur  Lea,  found  from  Southern  California  to  Mexico  and  Central 
America,  where  it  resents  having  relatives  in  Europe. 

The  most  common  Unios  are  those  most  subject  to  variation,  as 
seen  in  U.  complanatus  Sol.,  whose  progeny  are  clamoring  for  "  sov- 
erigu  rights  "  and  recognition,  which  some  Uniologists  grant,  and 
others  deny.  On  the  other  hand  Naiads  vigorously  resisting  varia- 
tion, such  as  U.  cylindricus  Say,  and  others,  have  no  near  relatives, 
and  are  generally  rare  and  with  very  restricted  distribution. 

In  living  plants,  secessions  from  a  given  and  normal  type  are 
readily  traceable,  and  in  fossil  types,  floral  and  fauual,  the  grada- 
tions of  differences  are  well  marked.  "  Connecting  links  "  may  be 
absent,  when  we  seek  to  trace  and  run  down  a  species,  through  the 
long  icons  of  geologic  time.  Jiut  if  a  long  line  of  visible  road  be 
crossed  by  a  chasm,  we  cannot  resist  the  conviction  that  the  road 
was  once  continuous. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  / 

There  are  no  inherent  tendencies  in  a  species  to  depart  from  it- 
self, but  when  estrangements  do  occur,  they  are  effected  by  ulterior 
causes,  natural  or  artificial.  Where  color  markings  are  bleached 
out  in  mature  shells  in  clear  streams,  the}1  are  retained  in  the  same 
species  in  muddy  waters.  Shells  thin  and  fragile  in  cold,  limeless, 
pure  water,  become  thicker  and  coarser  in  dirty  streams.  Spinose 
and  verrucose  shells  are  found  in  rapid  waters,  with  a  maximum  de- 
velopment of  spines  and  warts,  while  the  same  species  in  sluggish 
waters  have  these  characters  minimized  or  even  absent.  The  thin 
edentate  Anodontas  of  ponds  or  lakes,  need  no  teeth  to  keep  their 
valves  in  place,  and  hence  have  none.  Nature's  argument  for  an 
organ  or  an  accessory  is  the  need  of  it,  which  is  furnished  by  a  pro- 
cess of  slow  development  the  heavier  species  showing  rudimentary 
teeth. 

Mr.  Darwin,  in  "  The  Origin  of  Species,"  shows  that  in  a  genus 
having  many  species,  if  it  has  not  reached  a  maximum  de- 
velopment, many  other  species  are  *till  fm-mhiy  in  it.  This  is  con- 
firmed in  Unio  and  Auodonta,  and  we  may  reasonably  expect  new 
species  will  be  discovered  in  them. 

Departures  of  a  Unio  from  its  parent  stock,  when  seen  as  features 
of  whole  colonies,  entitle  it  to  specific  distinction  without  hesitation, 
provided  the  habitats  differ,  and  to  varietal  distinction  where  found 
in  company  with  or  near  its  next  in  affinity.  On  such  a  basis  spe- 
cific recognition  is  accorded  in  other  branches  of  zoology,  and  also 
in  botany.  Plenty  of  land  and  marine  shells,  are  specifically  sep- 
arated, only  by  the  most  minute  or  microscopic  differences  of  the 
shells.  We  would  not  advocate  such  peering  minuteness  in  the 
UuionidiJe  where  the  tendency  to  variation  is  much  greater,  and 
where  expert  comparative  anatomists  are  unable  to  find  distinguish- 
ing generic  or  specific  differences  in  the  soft  parts. 

In  the  Unionidae,  the  constants  of  nature  are  few  and  the  differ- 
entials many.  How  then  shall  a  rule  be  formulated  by  which  we 
can  confidently  say  a  given  Unio  is  distinct  from  another?  The 
hiatus  necessary  for  the  founding  of  a  new  species  must  be  such  an 
aggregation  of  differences  of  character,  such  an  estrangement  from 
its  next  in  affinity,  that  the  gap  will  be  large  enough  to  justify  a 
specific  separation  of  the  two.  A  substantial  agreement  in  the  out- 
line of  two  Unios  may  be  a  fact,  and  yet  other  distinctive  characters 
easily  and  unmistakably  separate  them.  A  process  of  differentia- 
tion must  be  applied  in  uuiology  but  with  extreme  care.  But  just 


8  THE   NAUTILUS. 

here  we  are  confronted  with  the  fact  that  all  differential  observa- 
tions are  more  or  less  affected  with  the  variable  "  personal  equa- 
tion "  among  observers.  The  measure  of  conclusions  is  more  or  less 
in  error,  and  the  elimination  of  the  variable  is  not  a  mathematical 
possibility.  It  follows,  therefore,  that  a  definition  of  the  word  SPE- 
CIES is  almost  an  impossibility,  the  judgment  of  a  naturalist  being 
a  controlling  factor.  This  is  a  serious  and  unalterable  fact.  The 
most  unselfish  and  conscientious  naturalists  will  often  radically  dis- 
agree on  the  validity  of  a  species.  Others  without  a  surplus  of  con- 
science, candor  or  brains,  will  go  on  making  species  ad  libitum,  to 
the  end  of  time. 

A?  a  result  of  such  diffusiveness,  the  birds,  fishes,  insects,  shells, 
and  plants,  have  generally  been  named  three  or  four  times  over. 
This  condition  is  discreditable  to  science,  and  Congresses  of  scientists 
are  not  able  to  remedy  the  evil.  An  epidemic  of  this  sort  is  raging 
in  Europe,  and  the  "  New  School  "  mills  are  grinding  out  species  by 
the  hundreds. 

The  animus  of  species  mongers  is  often  visible,  and  not  praise- 
worthy. Posing  as  scientists,  they  grasp  nomenclature  and  bandy 
names  about  football  fashion,  with  a  nonchalance  that  takes  away 
the  breath  of  astonished  beholders  and  raises  the  hair  on  end.  The 
vocation  of  such  gentry  is  that  of  the  "  Bulls  and  Bears,"  tearing 
down  what  others  labored  hard  to  build  up,  and  raising  standards 
which  a  later  litter  of  "Bears"  will  demolish. 


A  FEW  NOTES  ON  PISIDIA. 


BY    DR.    V.    STERKI. 


It  is  hoped  that  our  fellow  couchologists  will  not  feel  chilly  when 
reading  this  title,  but  kindly  excuse  the  writer  for  coining  again 
with  Pisidia.  The  Cycladidcc  are  in  order  at  present,  and  the  season 
for  collecting  is  at  hand.  Many  conchologists  in  the  East  and  West, 
North  ami  South  of  our  country  are  prepared  to  do  vigorous  collect- 
ing, and  many  others  not  yet  enlisted  will  probably  join  them,  so 
that,  in  all  probability,  more  will  be  done  in  this  line  than  at  any 
previous  time.  And  there  is  no  doubt  that  the  results  will  be  highly 
satisfactory.  Almost  every  sending  coming  in  from  the  compara- 
tively few  places  where  collecting  has  been  done  so  far,  brought  up 
some  new  form  or  forms  which  may  prove  to  be  new  species,  or 
varieties,  by  comparing  them  with  more  materials  from  other  places. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 

By  the  perplexing  variability  of  some  members  of  this  group,  it  is 
too  unsafe  to  establish  new  species  upon  a  few  specimens  coming 
from  a  single  locality. 

The  headquarters  of  these  smallest  Bivalves,  and  so  probably  of 
Sphcerium,  are  the  region  of  our  great  lakes,  which,  in  fact,  seems  to 
be  the  richest  on  the  globe.  And  here,  too,  a  serious  difficulty  is 
added  to  the  one  already  lying  in  the  embarassing  richness  of  forms 
itself.  The  deep  water  mussels  are  decidedly  different  from  the 
shallow  water  and  shore  forms,  reduced  in  size,  and  less  character- 
istic in  shape,  striation,  color,  hinge  formation,  etc.,  hence  the  double 
difficulty  in  ascertaining  their  true  relations  with  the  shallow  water, 
river,  pond  and  shore  forms  on  the  one  hand,  and  among  themselves 
on  the  other.  Such  is  the  teaching  of  the  materials  brought  up  so 
far  from  some  deeper  places  of  the  lakes,  mainly  by  the  efforts  of 
the  Michigan  Fish  Commission,  as  I  understand,  upon  the  encourage- 
ment of  Mr.  Bryant  Walker.  There  also  is  a  field  for  successful 
work  ;  the  use  of  the  dredge. 

Another  point  may  a*  well  be  mentioned  here.  It  is  an  open  ques- 
tion how  far  Cycladidce  are  able  to  exist  in  brackish  water,  of  rivers 
and  creeks  emptying  into  the  sea,  and  in  salt  marshes.  Conchologists 
having  chances  to  collect  in  such  places  are  invited  to  pay  the  matter 
their  attention.  The  researches  may  be  extended  to  other  fresh 
water  mollusks  at  the  same  time. 

A  few  hints  must  be  added  for  those  collecting  and  sending 
Pisiilia  (and  Sphceria).  1.  Not  even  the  smallest  specimens  should 
be  overlooked,  as  some  forms  are  very  minute,  and  the  young  of  all 
are  of  interest  and  value.  2.  It  is  not  only  annoying,  but  really 
perplexing  and  deceptive,  to  examine  lots  where  a  part  of  the  spec- 
imens had  been  picked  out  previously.  Thus  the  larger,  mature 
and  characteristic  examples  of  one  or  several  species  may  be  want- 
ing, while  the  younger  and  poorer  are  represented  in  the  remnants. 
Whole  suites  only  can  afford  a  true  conception  of  a  species,  variety 
or  local  form.  Mixed  lots,  however,  are  the  most  desirable  for 
examination,  separated  only  for  considerable  differences  in  size  of 
the  specimens. 

Several  conchologists  lately  have  sent  living  Pisidia,  which  arrived 
alive  and  could  be  kept  alive  for  some  time,  observed  and  examined 
for  the  soft  parts.  I  would  solicit  the  sending  of  more  such.  They 
should  be  packed  up  with  damp  moss,  or  other  similar  material,  in 
receptacles  admitting  air,  not  in  tightly  corked  vials. 


10  THE    NAUTILUS. 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT. 


[Conducted  in  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conchological  Chapter  of  the  Agassiz  Associa- 
tiou  bj-  its  General  Secretary,  .Mrs.  SI.  Burton  Williamson.] 

During  the  first  quarter  of  the  year  the  following  new  members 
have  been  added  to  the  chapter:  Mrs.  H.  A.  Zeck,  Los  Angeles, 
Cal. ;  Mrs.  E.  H.  King,  Napa,  Cal. ;  Mrs.  E.  A.  Lawrence,  2024  E. 
Second  St.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  ;  and,  in  the  Juvenile  Section,  Master 
James  H.  Porter,  New  Wilmington,  Pa.  The  California  members 
will  belong  to  Sections  A.  and  F.,  the  first  section  "Marine  Shells 
of  the  West  Coast,"  is  under  Professor  Keep's  instruction,  and, 
Section  F,  "  Fossil  Shells,"  is  directed  by  the  Hon.  Delos  Arnold. 


NOTES  ON  SOME  ONTARIO  SHELLS. 


[Report  of  Mr.  James  H.  Lemon.      From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Con- 
chological Chapter  for  1895.] 

During  last  Summer  I  was  able  to  do  very  little  work  in  thecon- 
chological  line,  as  my  time  was  mostly  occupied  with  botany.  This 
report,  therefore,  will  have  to  deal  with  work  done  in  former  years. 

As  far  as  I  am  aware  about  147  species  of  land  and  fresh  water 
shells  have  been  found  in  the  Province  of  Ontario,  fifty-five  species 
being  land  shells,  and  ninety-two  fresh  water ;  but  as  very  few 
localities  in  the  Province  have  been  diligently  searched  it  is  very 
probable  that  in  the  future  several  more  species  will  be  added  to 
the  list.  Of  the  147  species,  quite  a  number  are  extremely  common 
all  over  the  Province.  Others,  although  widely  distributed,  are 
comparatively  rare.  Others,  again  are  rather  plentiful  in  some 
parts,  but  entirely  wanting  in  other  parts.  Of  our  rarer  species 
mention  might  be  made  of  the  following: 

Selenites  concnva  Say.  This  shell  has  been  found  in  several  parts 
of  the  Province  of  Ontario,  but  nowhere  abundantly.  I,  myself, 
have  found  it  in  Eastern  Ontario,  and  it  is  reported  from  around 
Ottawa. 

Omji/iii/iiKtfuliyiiiosa  Griff'.,  has  been  found,  as  far  as  I  am  aware, 
only  near  the  city  of  Hamilton,  in  S.  Ontario,  and  oven  there  is  not 
a  common  shell. 

Omplnilinn  inornata  Say,  has  been  found  around  Ottawa,  but  I 
have  not  heard  of  its  being  taken  elsewhere  in  the  Province. 

Gastrodonta  ! nterte.rta  Binn.  This  shell  has  not  been  found,  to  my 
knowledge  in  Eastern  Ontario,  but  several  specimens  have  been 


THE    NAUTILUS.  11 

collected  around  Hamilton.  I  also  collected  a  few  specimens  near 
Brantford. 

Pyramidula  perspectiva  Say,  is  another  species  which  seems  to  be 
confined  to  the  southern  portion  of  the  province.  I  have  found  it 
around  Hamilton,  and,  also  in  Brant  County,  but  it  is  not  abundant 
in  either  place. 

Polygyra  (Mesodoii)  Suyii  Binn.  has  been  found  in  several  parts 
of  the  Province,  but  is  by  no  means  a  common  species.  I  have 
never  been  fortunate  enough  to  find  any  live  specimens,  but  have 
found  dead  ones. 

Polygyra  (Triodoptii)  pulliata  Say,  and  T.  tridentata  Say,  are 
both  comparatively  common  in  parts  of  Southern  Ontario,  I  have 
not  heard  of  their  being  found  in  the  Northern  or  Eastern  parts. 

Pupafallax  Say,  has  been  found  very  abundantly  around  Hamil- 
ton, especially  in  sandy  places,  but  I  have  not  found  it  elsewhere. 

It  is  chiefly  among  our  Fresh  Water  species  that  additions  to  the 
list  are  to  be  expected.  Ontario  abounds  in  lakes  and  streams, 
which  when  diligently  explored  will  no  doubt  yield  a  number  of 
species  new  to  the  Province.  Many  additions  may  be  expected 
among  the  Unioniche  and  Cycladidse  (Spkcerum  and  Pisidium), 
although  over  30  of  our  92  Fresh  Water  species  belong  to  the 
Unionidse. 

During  the  coming  summer  I  hope  to  have  more  time  to  devote 
to  the  study  of  Conchology,  and  will  endeavor  to  get  as  complete  a 
list,  as  possible,  of  those  shells  found  around  Toronto. 


CUTTLE   FISHES  WASHED  ASHORE  IN  SAN  PEDRO  BAY. 


[Extract  from  the  report  of  H.  Lowe.       From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Con- 
chological  Chapter  for  1895]. 


In  June,  while  I  was  out  collecting  one  morning,  I  was  surprised 
to  find  a  number  of  cuttle  fishes  which  had  been  washed  ashore. 
They  were  all  dead,  excepting  one,  which  I  carried  home  and  kept 
in  water  for  a  day  or  two.  The  length  of  the  entire  mollusk  was 
about  four  feet,  and,  weight  about  twenty  pounds.  It  was  covered 
with  a  very  thin  paper-like  skin,  so  thin  that  the  bloodvessels  could 
be  seen  beneath  for  it  has,  unlike  most  other  mollusks,  red  blood. 
The  head  was  surmounted  by  ten  arms  with  powerful  suckers,  two 
of  these  arms  were  much  longer  than  the  rest,  being  about  two  feet 
long.  Where  the  ten  arms  radiated  was  the  mandible,  shaped  like, 


12  THE    NAUTILUS. 

and  much  resembling,  the  beak  of  a  parrot.  This  mandible  was 
partially  enveloped  in  a  tough  white  muscle  and  was  connected  with 
the  digestive  organs  by  a  muscular  gullet.  On  each  side  of  the  head 
was  a  large  eye  about  two  inches  in  a  diameter.  The  crystalline 
lens,  when  dried,  were  clear  and  bright  and  closely  resembled  large 
solitaries  (I  have  seen  the  lenses  used  for  settings).  The  gladius,  or 
internal  shell  was  about  eighteen  inches  long,  composed  of  shining 
white  cartilage,  and  shaped  like  a  large  quill-pen,  with  the  pen  point 
towards  the  tail.  I  found  about  fifteen  of  these  mollusks,  but  have 
been  unable  to  identify  them  and  would  be  pleased  if  some  one 
could  give  me  the  probable  name. 


GENERAL  NOTES. 


NOTE  ON  CAEYCHIUM  EXILE  (C.  B.  ADAMS). — This  Jamaican 
species  was  originally  described  in  Adams'  Contributions  to  Cou- 
chology,  III,  p.  38  (Oct.,  1849)  as  Pupa  e.rilis ;  and  Pfeiffer  retains 
the  species  in  Pupa  in  the  Monographia  Heliceorum  III,  p.  556.  It 
is  omitted  from  the  Monographia  Auriculaceorum.  Bland  in  Journal 
de  Conchyliologie,  1872,  p.  46,  first  refers  the  species  to  Carychium. 
In  this  genus  the  name  is  preoccupied  by  H.  C.  Lea  for  a  species  of 
the  United  States  described  in  1841.  The  Jamaica  form  will,  there- 
fore, stand  C,  exile  Lea,  var.  jamtii<'e>isisPi\$l)ry  (see  Nautilus  VIII, 
p.  63,  figs.  15,  16),  although  some  would  probably  consider  it  dis- 
tinct from  the  United  States  species.  P.  exilis  Ad.,  C.  exile  Bland, 
becoming  a  synonym  of  the  variety  described  by  myself. — H.  A.  P. 

NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


I.  THE  UNIONIDJE  OF  THE  OHIO  RIVER.  II.  THE  STREPOMA- 
TIDJE OF  THE  FALLS  OF  THE  OHIO. — By  R.  Ellsworth  Call,  from 
Proceedings  Indiana  Academy  of  Science,  No.  IV,  1894.  Published 
Nov.,  1895.  Brief  comparative  reviews.  The  writer  states  that 
"  the  literature  of  the  subjects  reveals  some  sixty  species  "  of  Union- 
idre  found  in  the  Ohio  River.  "  The  Strepomatid  molluscan  fauna  of 
the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  is  one  that  is  very  rich  in  numbers,  but  rather 
poor  in  species,"  the  total  number  being  but  ten  species. 

ON  THE  OCCURRENCE  OF  ALECTRYONIA  UNGULATA  IN  S.  E. 
AFRICA  WITH  A  NOTICE  OF  PREVIOUS  RESEARCHES  ON  THE  CRETA- 
CEOUS CONCHOLOGY  OF  SOUTH  AFRICA.- — By  R.  Bullen  Newton 
(from  the  Journal  of  Conchology,  VIII,  136-151,  Jan.,  1896). 

BULLETIN  OF  THE  U.  S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY,  No.  133;  CON- 
TRIBUTIONS TO  THE  CRETACEOUS  PALEONTOLOGY  OF  THE  PACIFIC 
COAST  ;  FAUNA  OF  THE  KNOXVILLE  BEDS.  By  T.  W.  Stanton. 
This  Bulletin,  which  contains  132  pages  and  22  plates,  is  a  very  valu- 
able addition  to  our  knowledge  of  the  Cretaceous  Mollusca.  Pre- 
ceding the  descriptions  of  species,  is  a  thorough  discussion  of  the 
geological  features  of  the  region.  There  are  enumerated  77  species 
of  invertebrates,  50  of  which  are  described  as  new  ;  all  but  7  ot  the 
species  are  mollusks. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


VOL.  x.  JUNE,  1896.  No.  2 


NOTE  ON  NERITINA  SHOWALTERI  LEA. 


BY  TVM.  H.  BALL. 


In  February,  1861,  Dr.  E.  R.  Showalter  of  Alabama  sent  four 
small  shells  without  opercula  or  soft  parts  to  Dr.  Isaac  Lea.  They 
were  obtained  ten  miles  above  Fort  William,  Shelby  Co.,  Alabama, 
from  the  Coosa  River.  Three  of  these  specimens  are  now  in  the 
National  Museum,  with  the  original  labels  of  Showalter  and  Lea. 
The  species  was  described  under  the  name  of  Neritinu  Shownltrri  by 
Dr.  Lea,  who  observed  that  it  was  the  first  instance  of  the  discovery 
of  true  freshwater  Neritina,  like  those  of  Europe,  in  our  southern 
waters.  The  note  in  which  the  description  is  embodied  was  read 
Feb.  12,  1861  and  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  vol.  xiii,  p.  56,  March  19,  1861,  and  also  separ- 
ately. 

Since  that  time  for  many  years  no  notice  of  the  species  as  collected 
has  come  to  my  knowledge  and  I  began  to  suspect  that  Dr.  Showalter 
had  been  imposed  upon  by  some  one  who  had  given  him,  as  obtained 
from  the  Coosa  River,  some  specimens  of  Neritina  fluviatilis  of  Eur- 
ope, to  which  these  shells  bear  a  marked  resemblance,  except  that 
they  are  smaller  and  without  any  dark  markings  upon  the  olivaceous 
surface.  It  seemed  very  curious  that  a  species  of  the  section  Theo- 
doxus,  to  which  Neritina  fluvintilis  is  now  referred,  and  which  is  not- 
ably profuse  in  individuals  when  occurring  at  all,  in  Europe,  should 
be  found  only  in  one  small  stream  in  our  Southern  States  and  very 
sparsely  there.  Of  numerous  collectors  on  the  Coosa  River  since 


14  THE   NAUTILUS. 

1865,  none  seemed  to  have  found  it.  Dr.  Lewis  in  his  Freshwater 
and  Land  shells  of  Alabama  (Geol.  Sur.  Ala.  Rep.,  p.  25,  1876) 
gives  no  further  information  but  states  that  in  the  absence  of  the 
operculum  it  is  uncertain  whether  it  should  be  referred  to  Neritella 
(= Neritina).  Binney  was  uot  able  to  add  any  further  information 
in  his  Land  and  Freshwater  shells  of  North  America.  I  find  in  one 
of  my  books  a  manuscript  note  by  a  very  competent  conchologist 
which  declares  under  date  of  1884  that  this  shell  is  the  young  of 
Anculosa  ampla  Anth.  "Under  Neritidce  in  the  Manual  of  Coucho- 
logy  (vol.  x,  1888)  Mr.  Tryou  observes  that  it  has  not  the  char- 
acters of  Anculosa,  on  the  contrary  it  more  nearly  resembles  Nerifniu 
crepiduluria,  though  the  coloring  of  the  epidermis  is  more  like  that 
of  Anculota  than  in  the  other  fluviatile  species  of  Neritiim. 

For  some  years  I  have  used  every  opportunity  to  seek  further  in- 
formation about  this  species  but  without  success,  until  lately  Mr. 
Bryant  Walker  of  Detroit  informed  me  that  he  bad  found,  among 
shells  collected  on  the  Cahawba  River  in  Alabama,  by  Prof.  R.  E. 
Call,  a  single  specimen  which  he  had  referred  to  Lea's  species. 
This  he  was  kind  enough  to  send  me  for  examination  and  on  com- 
parison with  the  types  it  proved  identical,  thus  establishing  the 
correctness  of  the  American  habitat  of  the  shell  which  had  been  so 
long  in  doubt.  The  specimen  had  also  the  operculum,  which  was 
not  that  of  a  Neritina,  but  the  soft  parts  had  been  removed. 

A  comparison  was  then  made  with  the  young  of  all  the  species  of 
Anculosa  in  the  National  collection,  which  resulted  in  confirming  Mr. 
Tryon's  opinion  that  it  could  not  be  referred  to  that  genus.  Dur- 
ing this  search,  under  the  head  of  "  Anculosa  atnpla,  very  young'' 
were  found  three  additional  specimens  of  the  so-called  Neritina, 
received  under  that  name  from  Dr.  Lewis,  who  in  turn  had  received 
them  from  Mr.  T.  H.  Aldrich  who  had  collected  them  from  the 
Cahawba  River,  Alabama,  thus  fixing  a  second  locality  for  the 
species.  The  smallest  of  Dr.  Lewis's  specimens  fortunately  contained 
the  operculum  and  dried  remains  of  the  soft  parts  which  were  put  in 
soak  and  boiled  in  potash  finally  revealing  an  extremely  minute 
rhipidoglossate  radula,  in  general  uot  unlike  that  of  Neritina  but 
uot  like  that  of  any  species  of  Neritina  yet  figured.  The  differences 
are  such  as  would  ordinarily  be  regarded  as  generic  and,  taken  into 
consideration  with  the  operculum,  it  becomes  evident  that,  while  the 
species  is  related  to  Neritina  (and  not  to  Ancnlosa),  a  new  genus 
must  be  instituted  to  receive  it. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  15 

Genus  LEPYRIUM  Dall. 

Shell  neritiniform,  small,  thin,  unicolorate;  with  a  broad  smooth- 
edged  pillar  lip;  the  operculum  shaped  like  that  of  Neritina  but 
without  any  calcareous  layer  or  projecting  processes  ;  the  dentition 
comprising  a  very  wide  rhachidian  tooth  with  a  short  finely  denti- 
culate cusp,  the  median  denticle  hardly  larger  than  the  others  and 
on  each  side  of  it  a  small  obliquely  set  lateral,  a  broad  major  lateral 
with  finely  denticulate  short  cusp,  and  a  short  series  of  spatulate 
uncini  much  longer  than  the  median  teeth.  Formula  x. 2. 1.2.x. 

Type  Lepyriwn  Showalteri  (Lea,  as  Neritina),  from  rivers  of  the 
Appalachian  drainage  in  Northeastern  Alabama.  Types,  numbers 
29,016  and  102,851,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum. 

The  specimen  from  which  the  radula  was  obtained  was  very  small 
and  the  radula  so  minute,  and  its  long  uncini  so  tangled,  that  it  was 
impossible  to  make  a  complete  description  or  enumeration  of  them. 
The  rhipidoglossate  character,  however,  was  evident,  and  the  form 
of  the  cusps  of  the  middle  part  of  the  radula  could  be  clearly  seen. 
They  differ  from  those  of  Neritina  by  having  a  very  wide  and  short, 
finely  denticulate  rhachidian  tooth,  instead  of  a  small  quadrate  one 
with  simple  edges ;  one  instead  of  two  oblique  minor  laterals ;  in 
the  broad  and  simple  quadrate  form  of  the  major  lateral,  and  the 
relatively  smaller  number  and  larger  size  of  the  uncini.  Anculosa 
has  a  tsenioglossate  radula  with  the  formula  3.1.3,  so  it  is  evident 
that  this  form  is  not  in  any  way  related  to  Anculosa. 

The  Oligocene  of  the  Southern  United  States  contains  several 
species  of  Neritina,  but  none,  so  far  as  known,  having  a  close  resem- 
blance to  Lepi/rium  ;  which  is,  however,  probably  an  offshoot  from 
Xf  ,-itina.  The  fluviatile  fauna  of  the  Coosa  region  contains  several 
unique  or  isolated  types  of  mollusks  and  the  present  species  adds 
another  to  the  list. 


THE  GOOSE  FAIR  BROOK. 


BY  REV.  HENRY  W.  WINKLEY. 


A  curious  brook,  with  an  odd  name,  the  origin  of  which  I  do  not 
know.  For  some  years  this  stream  has  formed  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  city  of  Saco  and  the  town  of  Old  Orchard.  The  portion 
of  it  known  to  the  writer  is  the  last  five  or  six  miles  of  its  course. 


16  THE    NAUTILUS. 

It  flows  for  a  distance  througb  meadow  land  in  a  valley  ;  here  mol- 
lusca  are  seldom  found.  The  next  portion  continues  through  a  val- 
ley thickly  wooded,  with  alders  overhanging  the  water  and  covering 
the  narrow  belt  of  marsh ;  beyond  these  the  steep  banks  and  upper 
land  are  covered  with  pinegrowth.  Land  shells  occur  rarely  along 
this  area:  Succinea  ovalis,  I'ntu/n  xtriatella,  Strobilops  labyrinth ica, 
Zonites  exiguus  etc.,  have  been  found  here.  The  brook  has  a  fine 
lot  of  Margaritana  margaritifera  of  large  size  and  fine  specimens. 
Pisidium  variabile,  abditum  and  adamgii  occur  in  the  mud,  the  last 
of  these  in  an  area  of  a  few  feet,  but  having  some  fine  examples. 
Plan  orbit  and  Physa  also  occur  sparingly.  The  third  area  is  a  mile 
or  two  of  tide  marsh  ;  here  one  may  study  the  problem  of  salt  and 
freshwater  distribution.  The  writer  gave  an  afternoon  to  this  work 
a  few  days  ago  with  the  following  result:  In  the  upper  quarter  of 
the  marsh  Pisidium  occurs  more  or  less  abundantly,  and  Amnlcola 
is  to  be  found  in  great  profusion  ;  following  the  windings  careful 
siftings  were  made.  Pisidium  disappeared  after  the  first  quarter  of 
the  distance  to  the  sea  ;  I  am  quite  sure  that  salt  water  has  little  or 
no  influence  here.  Amnicola  was  met  with  where  Pisidium  had 
disappeared,  but  only  for  a  short  distance.  The  portion  followin.i: 
this  in  the  second  quarter  was  entirely  wanting  in  shells,  but  grad- 
ually salt  water  forms  showed  themselves,  i.  e.,  Macoma  and  Lituriiia. 
The  marsh  itself  now  gives  an  interesting  field  of  study.  Plant  life 
is  very  rich,  but  that  is  not  our  subject.  Pot  holes  now  reveal  the 
presence  of  multitudes  of  Liturinella  minuta  living  on  the  thread- 
like marine  plants.  The  Goose  Fair  Brook  enters  the  sea  in  the 
middle  of  a  long  beach,  generally  known  as  Old  Orchard  beach. 
Its  marine  shells  are  chiefly  Litorina  littoria  and  Macoma,  the  latter 
often  badly  eroded.  I  have  seen  living  specimens  with  the  animal 
exposed  in  places  where  erosion  had  destroyed  the  shell.  Not  far 
from  the  shore  there  must  be  beds  containing  Tellina  tenera,  Cero- 
ii  in  nrctfita  and  others,  as  specimens  are  washed  up  by  storms.  I 
trust  that  these  few  observations  may  help  to  settle  the  question  of 
the  distribution  of  marine  and  freshwater  forms.  At  any  rate  this 
is  one  point  in  the  evidence. 


SOME  NEW  OR  RARE  SPECIES  OF  MARINE  MOLLUSCA  RECENTLY 
FOUND  IN  BRITISH  COLUMBIA. 


The  following  note  may  be  of  interest  to  collectors  of  West  Coast 
Mollusca.     It  adds  sixteen  species  to  our  fauna  not  hitherto"  reported 


THE   NAUTILUS.  17 

from  British  Columbia  (though  some  have  been  found  in  neighbour- 
ing seas),  and  four  species  are  new  to  science.  My  best  thanks  are 
due  to  Dr.  Ball  for  kindly  determining  new  and  doubtful  material, 
and  species  so  identified  are  marked  in  the  accompanying  list  by  an 
asterisk. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  range  of  several  Californian  species 
receives  a  considerable  extension,  as  in  the  case  of  Diala  marmorea 
Cpr.,  Euliina  falcata  Cpr.,  Ischnochiton  radians  Cpr.,  Lepidopleums 
rugatus  Cpr.,  Chrysallida  cincta  Cpr.,  Phasiane/la  pulloides  Cpr., 
Tornatina  harpa  Ball,  and  Turbonilla  stylina  Cpr.,  etc. 

Of  northern  species  the  southward  range  is  extended  of  Buccinum 
plectrum  Stimps.  (now  first  established  as  living  in  our  waters)  of 
Trichotropis  borealia  Br.  &  Sby.,  and  of  Sipho  verkriizeni  Kobelt. 
The  two  last  mentioned  species  occur  at  Alert  Bay  in  company  with 
an  unusual  abundance  of  boreal  and  circumpolar  species  such  as 
Buccinum  cyaneum  Brug.,  Bela  violacea  M.  &  A.,  Margarita  helicina 
0.  Fab.,  CryptobranchiaconcKntrica^lidd.,  Lepidopleums  cancellatus 
Sby.,  Orenella  deeussata  Mont.,  etc. 

Of  the  four  new  species,  three  belong  to  genera  new  to  our  waters  ; 
viz.  Rissoina,  Molleria  and  Pliasaniella.  The  fourth  species  belongs 
to  a  subgenus  (Mumiola)  of  Odostomia  especially  Japanese  in  its 
recorded  species. 

Most  of  the  following  additions  are  of  small  shells,  of  which,  how- 
ever, we  are  still  far  from  having  on  record  a  normal  proportion. 

The  stations  quoted  in  the  following  lists  are  arranged  in  their 
order  passing  from  the  south  towards  the  north. 

Station  1.  Near  Victoria,  Vancouver  Island,  in  60  fathoms,  fine 
clean  sand.  Collected  by  the  Natural  History  Society  of  B.  C. 
March  14,  1896. 

Station  2.  Near  Alert  Bay,  Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  northeast  of 
Vancouver  Island,  20  fathoms,  small  gravel.  Collector,  C.  F.  N. 
July,  1895. 

Station  3.  North  side  of  the  entrance  to  Curnshewa  Inlet,  Queen 
Charlotte  Islands,  10-20  fathoms,  small  broken  shells  and  sand. 
Collector,  C.  F.  N.  Sept.,  1895. 

Station  4.  East  end  of  Skidegate  Inlet,  Queen  Charlotte  Islands, 
sand  and  mud.  Collector,  C.  F.  N.  August,  1895. 

Station  5.  Bawson  Harbour,  west  end  of  Skidegate  Inlet,  Queen 
Charlotte  Islands,  20  fathoms.,  broken  shells.  Collector,  C.  F.  N. 
Sept.,  1895. 


18 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


Li-it  of  Species. 

*Admete  CouthouyiJay.     Cumshewa  Inlet,  living. 
Angulus  variegatus  Cp.     Victoria,  Station  1. 

*  Bela  Jidicula  GId.  "  variety  approximating  J3.  scalaris  Moller." 
Alert  Bay,  Station  2. 

*  Bela  tabulata  Cpr.     A  remarkably  slender  variety  occurred  at 
Station  2  with  the  last. 

*  Bela  violaeea  High.  &  Ads.      Not  uncommon   at  Alert  Bay, 
Station  2. 

*  Bittium  quadrifilatum  Cpr.      At  all  stations  in  the  Queen  Char- 
lotte Islands.     A  California!!  shell  new  to  B.  C. 

*  Buccinum  cyaneum  Brug.,  var.  Morchianum  Fischer.     Very  fine 
and  plentiful,  living  at  low  water  near  Station  2,  Alert  Bay.      Not 
reported  from  any  other  locality. 

*  Buccinum  plectmm  Stimpson.     Two  dead  and  a  few  living  spec- 
imens at  Station   1,  Victoria.     Dead  specimens  have  before  been 
recorded  since  1878  as  ,6.  polare  var.  compadum  Dall,  and  as  B. 
percrassum  Dall.      It  has  also  been  found  at  Rivers  Inlet,  B.  C.  (C. 
F.  N.)  and  in  Queen  Charlotte  Sound  by  Dr.  G.  M.  Dawson. 

Cadulus  aberrant  Whiteaves.  Several  specimens  at  Station  1, 
Victoria.  Only  once  taken  before  in  B.  C. 

*  Caecum  crebricinctum  Cpr.      Living  in  great  abundance  at  Sta- 
tion 3,  Queen  Charlotte  Islands.     Only  a  single  dead  specimen 
before  noted. 

*  Cancellaria  modesta  Cpr.     One  dead  specimen  dredged  in  15 
fathoms,  near  Victoria  in  1894,  the  first  reported  in  B.  C.    It  measures 
33  mm.  in  length  and  is  the  largest  species  of  its  genus  here. 

*  Cmiceflitria  unalaskenais  Dall.      A  few  found  at  Stations  3  and 
5  in  the  Queen  Charlotte  Islands. 

Chryxodomus  rectiroatris  Cpr.  Three  living  specimens  of  this  rare 
shell  at  Station  1,  Victoria. 

Chrysodomu*  (Sipho~)  Verkruzeid  Kobelt.  Three  young  living 
specimens  dredged  near  Alert  Bay  by  Mr.  W.  Harvey  in  1894. 

*  Orenella  decussata  Mont.    Abundant  at  Station  2  near  Alert  Bay. 
Dentaliiim  pretiosum  Nuttall.     A  single  living  specimen  at  Station 

5,  Dawson  Harbour,  Q.  C.  I. 

Dentalium  reef  in*  Cpr.  A  few  living  at  Station  1,  Victoria. 
Only  noted  here  once  before. 

*  Diala  marmorea  Cpr.     At  Station  5,  Dawson  Harbour,  Q.  C.I. 
New  to  these  waters. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  19 

Doridlum  Adt'llce  Ball.  Clayoquot  Sound,  B.  C.,  and  near  Victoria. 
Taken  in  1893,  by  C.  F.  N.  Not  hitherto  recorded  from  B.  C. 

*  Eulima  falcata  Cpr.     At  Station  2,  near  Alert  Bay.     Also  taken 
at  low  water.      A  rare  California!!  shell  not  on  our  lists,  but  prob- 
ably identical  with  the  form  recorded  as  E.  distiirta  and  E.  ineurva. 

*  Halistylus piipoideus  Call.      Very  abundant,  living  at  Station 

3,  Cumshewa  Inlet. 

Ischnochiton  interstinctiis  Gld.   On  rocks  at  low  water  near  Station 

4.  A  Californian  species  new  to  our  Province.     Sixteen  specimens 
of  various  markings. 

Lazaria  su.bquadrata  Cpr.  Dead  shells  and  single  valves  at  Sta- 
tions 3  and  5  in  the  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  the  northern  limit  of 
this  species  so  far  as  known. 

*  Leda  acuta  Conr.      A  few  living  and  many  dead  specimens  at 
Stations  3,  4  and  5,  Q,  C.  I. 

*  Leda  fossa  Baird.     A  few  specimens  at  Station  on  3,  Cumshewa 
Inlet.     In  1894  I  dredged  three  living  specimens  near  Victoria. 

*  Lepidopleurus  rngntus  Cpr.     Under  rocks  at  low   water  near 
Victoria,  April,  1894,  C.  F.  N. 

*  Macoma  yoldiformis  Cpr.     Stations  3  and  4  in  the  Queen  Char- 
lotte Islands. 

Mactra  falcata.     Station  3,  Cumshewa  Inlet. 

*Mdlleria  Qu.adrce  Dall,  sp.  nov.  A  few  living  and  dead  spec- 
imens at  Station  3,  Cumshewa  Inlet. 

*  Mumiola  tennis  Dall,  sp.  nov.     Station  3,  with  the  last. 

*  Odostomia  (  Chrysallida)  eincta  Cpr.   In  30  fathoms  near  Victoria, 
March,  1896.     New  to  B.  C. 

*  Phasianella  (Eiicosmia)  lurida  Dall,  sp.  nov.     Station  5,  Skide- 
gate  Channel.     Encrusted  with  a  polyzoan. 

*  Phasianella  pulloides  Cpr.     Stations,  Dawson  Harbour.     Ski- 
degate  with  the  last,  and  in  shell  sand  from  Nootka  Sound. 

*  Rissoina  Newcombei  Dall  sp.  nov.     Station  3,  Cumshewa  Inlet, 
Queen  Charlotte  Islands. 

*  Tellina  inflatida  Dall.     Stations  3  and  4  in  the  Queen  Charlotte 
Islands.     The  northern  limit  so  far  as  known. 

Tonicella  submrmnorea  Midd.      Not  rare  at  low  water  at  Station 
2,  Alert  Bay,  and  quite  plentiful  at  Station  4,  Skidegate  Inlet. 

*  Tornatina  harpa  Dall.     Not  rare  at  Stations  3,  4  and  5,  Queen 
Charlotte  Islands.     The  northern  known  limit. 

Trachydermon  (Cyanoplax)  Rat/mondi  Pilsbry.     Not  rare  at  Sta- 
tions 2  and  4,  Alert  Bay  and  Skidegate,  Q.  C.  I. 


20  THE     NAUTILUS. 

*  Triehotropis  borealis  Br.  &  Sby.      Station  2,  Alert  Bay.      New 
to  this  Province. 

Turbonilla  ckocolata  Cpr.     Both  at  Stations  2  and  4. 
*Turbonilla  stylina  Cpr.     Cumshewa  Inlet,  Q.  C.  I.,  at  Station  3. 
A  Californian  shell,  new  to  B.  C. 

*  Turbonilla  torquata  Glcl.     With  the  last. 

*  Turbonilla  tridentata    Cpr.      At  Station   3,  Cumshewa   Inlet. 
Though  found  in  Puget  Sound  many  years  ago,  it  has  not  before 
been  reported  from  British  Columbia. 

*  Venericardia  boreal!*  Conr.     At  stations  2  (Alert  Bay)  and  4, 
Skidegate  Inlet. 

C.  F.  NEWCOMBE. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  PISIDIA. 


BY    DR.    V.    STERKI. 


Pis.  fallax  n.  sp. 

Mussel  rather  small ;  it  is  of  the  same  type  with  Pis.  compressum 
Pr.  but  smaller,  more  rounded  in  outline,  the  upper  margin  is  less 
strongly  curved,  not  angular,  the  ridges  on  the  beaks  are  compara- 
tively larger  and  situated  less  high  up ;  the  striation  is  finer, 
crowded,  somewhat  irregular  and  sharp;  the  color  commonly  green- 
ish or  yellowish-horn  in  the  younger,  more  yellow  in  older  speci- 
mens ;  the  hinge  is  strong,  more  regularly  curved  than  in  compres- 
sum, the  hinge  plate  broad,  the  cardinal  tooth  of  the  right  valve 
more  oblique,  the  lateral  teeth  strongly  projecting  inward  ;  nacre 
more  glassy- whitish  ;  ligament  strong. 

Size:  long  3'2,  alt.  2'9-3,  diam.  2'1. 

Habitat:  Tuscarawas  River  and  Sugar  Creek,  Ohio. 

It  was  first  noticed  in  October  and  November,  1891,  when  hun- 
dreds of  specimens  were  collected,  and  so  every  year  since,  in  com- 
pany with  Pis.  compressum,  crvciatum  and  punctahnn.  Also  found 
in  the  stomach  of  the  "Buffalo  Sucker"  (fish)  with  Pis.  cruciutinn 
and  other  molluscan  shells.  It  is  decidedly  and  constantly  distinct, 
not  a  variety  or  depauperate  form  of  !'!#.  <-i>ni/>i-esmiii.  The  latter 
has  been  collected  in  this  vicinity  in  many  places  and  in  very  differ- 
ent forms.  Old  specimens  of  J'is.  fallax  are  almost  always  badly 
eroded,  and  covered  with  a  thick,  blackish  coat,  while  Pis.  compres- 
sum from  the  same  places,  were  intact  and  clean. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  21 

Pis.  vesicnlare  n.  sp. 

Mussel  small,  ovoid,  very  inequipartite,  somewhat  oblique,  strongly 
inflated  ;  beaks  very  posterior,  moderately  prominent ;  margins  all 
well  rounded,  or  the  scutum  forming  a  very  slight  angular  projec- 
tion ;  color  yellowish  to  brownish-horn  ;  surface  slightly  striated, 
polished,  often  with  a  few  coarser  lines  of  growth  ;  shell  thiu,  trans- 
lucent ;  nacre  rather  glassy,  colorless  ;  hinge  rather  small,  markedly 
short;  cardinal  teeth  lamellar,  the  right  moderately  curved  with  its 
anterior  end  thicker  ;  anterior  left  distinctly  directed  upward,  curved, 
often  angular,  posterior  oblique,  moderately  curved  ;  groove  between 
them  narrow  and  deep ;  lateral  teeth  situated  very  close  to  the  car- 
dinals, short,  especially  those  in  the  left  valve  abrupt,  high ;  liga- 
ment short. 

Size:  long  2'3,  alt.  1'9,  diam.  1-7  mill. 

Habitat.    Michigan. 

More  than  fifteen  hundred  specimens  were  seen  during  the  last 
year,  collected  at  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  by  Mr.  L.  H.  Streng 
about  ten  years  ago,  and  all  were  remarkably  uniform  in  shape  and 
appearance.  Yet  I  hesitated  to  announce  the  form  as  a  uew  species, 
thinking  it  might  be  a  variety  of  P.  ventricosum  Prime.  But  later 
it  has  been  seen  from  various  other  places,  as  Lake  Michigan,  Hess 
Lake,  "  Michigan,"  in  one  instance  named  "  P.  rotuiidatuin,"  from 
which  it  is  very  different  by  its  beaks  situated  posteriorly,  while  in 
rotundatum  they  are  almost  in  the  middle. 

P.  cesiculare  can  be  mistaken  only  for  P.  ventricosum  Pr.,  from 
which  it  differs  by  the  following  characters  :  it  is  longer,  less  oblique- 
more  regular  in  form,  being  more  regularly  though  less  inflated,  the 
beaks  are  much  less  prominent;  the  surface  shows  less  coarse  and 
irregular  lines  of  growth.  It  is  somewhat  variable  in  size,  measur- 
ing 2'l-2'7  millimetres  in  length,  and  in  being  slightly  more  or  less 
inflated. 


A  NEW  VARIETY  OF  PUNCTUM. 


BY    H.  A.    PILSBRY. 


Punctual  conspectum  var.  pasadenae  n.  var. 

Shell  resembling  P.  conspectum  Bid.,  but  more  widely  and  openly 
nmbilicated,  and  without  spaced  riblets,  or  with  them  very 

A>C3^ 

te    LURARY 


a  openly 


22  THE   NAUTILUS. 

Light  chestnut  colored,  rather  opaque.  Contour  about  that  of  P. 
conspectum,  the  spire  very  low-conic,  apex  obtuse.  Whorls  84  to  4, 
convex,  separated  by  impressed  sutures,  the  last  more  or  less  descend- 
ing in  front.  Umbilicus  open,  easily  showing  all  the  whorls,  its 
width  contained  31  to  3J  i"  diameter  of  shell.  Surface  with  close, 
fine,  irregular  growth-stripe,  sometimes  showing  slight  traces  of  wide- 
spaced  stronger  strise,  and  very  densely,  minutely  spirally  striated- 
Aperture  rounded-oval,  quite  oblique,  the  lip  thin  ;  columellar  mar- 
gin brought  far  forward  and  expanded.  Alt.  1'15,  diarn.  2  mm. 

Numerous  specimens  of  this  small  species  were  found  by  Hon. 
Delos  Arnold  crawling  upon  a  cement  walk  in  front  of  his  residence 
in  Pasadena,  California,  and  were  communicated  to  the  writer  by 
Mrs.  Julia  E.  Campbell. 

In  typical  P.  conspectum  the  umbilicus  is  smaller,  contained  4}  to 
4s  times  in  diameter  of  base,  and  the  riblets  are  prominent,  although 
subject  to  considerable  variation.  The  dentition  of  the  Pasadena 
shells  is  similar  to  that  of  conspectum.  The  other  species  of  Pnnc- 
turn  now  known  from  America  are  P.  pi/yinmim  var.  mbwctarinwm 
Lea,  and  P.  Randolphii  Dall. 


GENERAL  NOTES. 


PROPOSED  BIOLOGICAL  STATION. — Professor  T.  D.  A.  Cockerell, 
of  Las  Cruces,  New  Mexico,  has  it  in  view  to  found  in  New  Mexico 
a  Biological  Station,  and  health  and  holiday  resort  for  scientific  per- 
sons, teachers  and  kindred  spirits. 

Three  years  experience  in  this  country  gives  the  writer  the  high- 
est opinion  of  the  value  of  the  climate  for  persons  in  the  earlier 
stages  of  phthisis  ;  while  the  abundance  of  new  and  interesting  forms 
of  life,  especially  among  the  insects,  is  remarkable.  Many  inter- 
esting general  problems,  such  as  those  of  the  life-zones,  can  also  be 
studied  in  New  Mexico  to  great  advantage. 

A  beginning  will  be  made  this  summer  if  students  can  be  found. 
Prof.  Cockerell  will  be  glad  to  hear  from  any  who  are  interested  in 
the  matter,  and  especially  from  those  who  might  be  inclined  to  work 
with  him  for  longer  or  shorter  periods  during  the  present  summer. 

PROFESSOR  H.  E.  SARGENT  is  now  in  Deteroit,  Michigan  (Detroit 
Museum  of  Art),  engaged  in  preparing  for  public  exhibition  the 
Stearns  collection  of  Mollusca. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  23 

ASPERGILLUM  GiGANTEUM  Sowb. — This  species,  the  largest  of 
the  genus,  was  figured  in  Stearns'  and  Pilsbry's  Catalogue  of  Japan- 
ese Marine  Mollusks,  pi.  iii,  tig.  1.  We  have  lately  noticed  that 
it  was  renamed  (in  1889,  Le  Naturaliste,  p.  121)  by  M.  Menegaux, 
who  curiously  enough  proposes  anew  the  specific  name  given  by  Sow- 
erby  in  1888.  The  specimen  is  said  to  be  from  "  les  mersde  la  Chine." 

PALUDINA  HETEROSTROPHA  KIRTLAND. — I  consider  this  shell 
only  as  an  abnormal  production  of  Campeloma  decisum  Say.  Com- 
paratively few  are  found  here.  About  ten  years  ago,  I  gathered 
quite  a  lot  of  them,  and  among  the  young  of  them  which  were  not 
delivered  yet,  I  found  this  abnormal  form,  and  as  near  as  I  could 
guess,  I  found  about  one  of  this  form  in  two  or  three  hundred  ;  and 
so  came  to  the  conclusion  above  stated. — L.  H.  STRENG. 

SHELLS  OF  MARYLAND. — In  a  recent  sending  of  land  shells  from 
Cumberland,  Maryland,  from  Mr.  Howard  Shriver  of  that  place,  we 
find  four  species  not  before  recorded  from  the  State:  Omphalina 
fuliginosa  Griff.,  0.  inornata  Say,  Gautrodonta  intertexta  Binn.,  and 
Polygyra  pmfunda  Say.  Tlie  latter  two  are  western  species,  prob- 
ably at  or  near  their  (in  this  latitude)  eastern  limit.  None  of  these 
were  recorded  in  Pilsbry's  Mollusks  of  the  Potomac  Valley,  Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1894,  p.  11.  Polygyra  fraudulenia  Pils.  is  a 
particularly  abundant  species  at  Cumberland,  and  the  specimens  of 
Pyramidula  alternata  are  decidedly  keeled. 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY  UNIONID^E  FOUND  IN  THE  ST. 
LAWRENCE  AND  ATLANTIC  DRAINAGE  AREAS  (AMER.  NAT.,  1896, 
p.  379).  2.  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  FOUR  NEW  TRIASSIC  UNIOS  FROM 
THE  STAKED  PLAINS  OF  TEXAS.  3.  THE  CLASSIFICATION  AND 
GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  PEARLY  FRESHWATER 
MUSSELS  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XVIII,  1896),  by  Charles  T. 
Simpson.  The  first  of  the  above  papers  considers  the  origin  of  such 
Lake  and  Atlantic  drainage  forms  as  Unio  liebi,  canadensis,  borealis, 
Itippopmis,  Anodontafootiana,  subangidata,  benedictii,  undulata,  etc., 
all  of  which  are  claimed  to  be  altered  Mississippi  drainage  types, 
which  found  their  way  into  the  Lake  drainage  during  the  period 
when  the  lakes  drained  into  the  Mississippi,  and  subsequently  trav- 
elled eastward  when  the  St.  Lawrence  outlet  became  established. 
Their  advent  is  thus  about  coeval  with  the  Glacial  period.  Unio 
i-udl'itus,  ochraceus,  heterodon,  tappanianus  and  Mary,  undulata  are 
believed  to  be  older  inhabitants  of  the  eastern  country. 


24  THE    NAUTILUS. 

The  third  paper  mentioned  above  is  already  so  condensed  that 
any  abstract  is  difficult  to  make.  It  deals  with  the  questions  of 
classifications,  mutual  relationships  of  the  genera,  and  geographic 
distribution.  Margaritana  is  merged  in  Unio,  as  the  species  are 
believed  to  have  lost  the  lateral  teeth  by  degeneration  or  disease. 
It  is  an  error,  however,  to  give  U.margaritifer  (nof'margaritiferus") 
as  type  of  Unio ;  and  it  should  be  noted  that  in  having  a  series  of 
small  muscle-scars  in  the  middle  of  the  disk,  M.  mat-gar  it  ij'era,  mon~ 
fiilnnta,  etc.,  differ  from  any  Unios  as  well  as  from  the  M.  undu/atu, 
rugosa  group,  which  is  more  properly  called  Alasmodonta.  These 
groups  seem  to  be  as  valid  genera  as  CaxtaHna,  which  Simpson  re- 
tains. Simpson,  in  common  with  other  recent  authors,  recognizes 
two  families,  Unionidce  and  Mi/telidce.  The  former  containing  gen- 
era Unio,  Anodonta,  Prisodon,  Tetraplodon,  Castaliita,  Burtonia, 
Arconaia,  Cristaria,  Lepidodexma,  (new  genus  for  U.  languilati  of 
China),  Pseudodon,  Leguminaia,  Solenaia.  Mutelidce  contains 
Muiela,  Chelidonopsls,  Spatha,  I'leiodon,  Brazzcea,  Glabaris,  Ihering- 
ella,  Monocondylwa,  Fotsanla,  Mycetopoda.  Each  genus  is  discussed 
in  a  separate  paragraph,  and  a  careful  reading  inclines  us  to  place 
great  reliance  upon  Mr.  Simpson's  conclusions.  A  full  synonymy 
of  each  genus  would  have  been  a  useful  addition,  for  there  are  some 
generic  names  not  mentioned  in  the  text,  probably  because  they 
prove  to  be  mere  synonyms. 

The  geographic  provinces  indicated  by  l/nionidce  and  Mutdidw 
are:  Palcearctic,  including  all  Europe,  Africa  north  of  Sahara  (ex- 
cept the  Nile),  all  northern  Asia,  and  the  Pacific  drainage  of  North 
America.  Ethiopian.  Oriental,  including  southern  Asia  to  Japan, 
Philippines,  Malay  Archipelago  and  to  the  Solomon  Is.  Anxtrnllitn, 
Australia,  Tasmania  and  New  Zealand.  Mississippian,  the  Gulf 
drainage,  spreading  to  N.  C.  and  Central  America.  This  region  is 
the  richest  in  species  in  the  world.  Atlantic,  Atlantic  drainage  from 
Florida  to  Labrador.  Neotropical,  the  whole  of  South  America. 
<'i  titrtil  American,  Panama  to  Mexico  and  Cuba.  A  map  presents 
the  areas  of  distribution  graphically.  In  conclusion  Mr.  Simpson 
discusses  the  geological  history  of  the  groups.  Students  of  the 
Uniones  will  find  this  paper  crowded  with  important  facts  and  care- 
ful reasoning  from  them,  in  the  main  very  reliable.  Our  experience 
with  other  groups  leads  us  to  believe,  however,  that  more  import- 
ant points  will  follow  an  anatomical  study  of  the  Uniones  than  have 
yet  been  developed. 


I     -«r  -m.m**>    <*\  > 

^(LIBRARY), 

-» V      -^.a^. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


JULY,  1896.  No.  3 


OX  THE  AMERICAN  SPECIES  OF  EEVILIA. 


BY  WM.  U.  BALL. 


Very  little  attention  seems  to  have  been  given  to  the  genus  Ervi- 
tlfi,  which  is  composed  of  small,  rather  solid  shells  which  are,  in  the 
recent  species,  frequently  brightly  colored,  concentrically  or  radially 
striated  or  smooth.  The  soft  parts  are  still  unknown  though  the  typ- 
ical species  appears  to  he  common  in  the  West  Indies,  and  the  largest 
known  species  is  found  in  British  and  Mediterranean  waters.  In  the 
forms  which  are  normally  concentrically  striate  or  grooved  it  often 
happens  that  some  of  the  specimens  have  the  umbonal  portion  nearly 
smooth,  the  normal  sculpture  appearing  only  when  the  shell  is  half 
grown  ;  there  are  also  light  modifications  of  the  outline,  coming 
within  the  range  of  individual  variation.  In  examining  the  recent 
forms  of  North  America  and  the  West  Indies  for  comparison  with 
the  fossils,  the  following  were  recognized,  though  the  small  size  of  the 
shells  and  their  general  similarity  of  form  renders  it  necessary  to 
study  them  under  a  magnifier  with  the  greatest  care  and  attention  in 
order  to  grasp  the  distinctive  features. 
Ervilia  nitens  (Mont.)  Turtun. 

This  species  has  the  valves  somewhat  compressed,  coarsely, 
evenly,  concentrically  grooved,  with  faint,  radial  st  rial  ions  on  the 
dorso-posterior  surface,  both  ends  somewhat  attenuated,  the  posterior 
longer  and  more  attenuated,  the  base  evenly  arched,  the  anterior 
end  shorter,  higher,  with  a  steeper  dorsal  slope;  the  shell  rather 
solid  with  a  robust  hinge;  the  pallial  sinus  narrow,  angular  hi 


26  THE   NAUTILUS. 

front,  and  reaching  beyond  the  vertical  of  the  beaks,  anteriorly.    In 
general  the  shell    is    yellowish  or  bright     pink,   with    occasional 
brownish  rays.     It  seems  to  be  confined   to  the  Antilles  and  the 
southern  Florida  Keys. 
Ervilia  subcancellata  Smith. 

Valves  much  compressed,  both  ends  somewhat  attenuated,  the 
base  arcuate  and  prominent  in  the  middle ;  the  surface  concentric- 
ally striated  and  covered  with  fine,  distinct,  radial  strife  ;  the  pallial 
sinus  reaching  to  the  vertical  of  the  beaks,  rather  wide,  anteriorly 
rounded;  shell  solid,  hinge  moderately  strong;  Ion.  8;  alt.  5'5  ; 
diam.  3  mm. 

This  species  is  differently  shaped,  rather  more  compressed  and 
with  a  different  hinge  and  pallial  sinus  from  the  E.  ititens.     The 
specimens  I  have  seen  are  white  or  brownish  and  were  obtained  at 
Bermuda  by  Dr.  Goode. 
Ervilia  concentrica  Gould. 

Shell  solid,  plump,  with  a  robust  hinge  ;  the  surface  with  strong, 
even,  concentric  riblets  and  narrower,  even  grooves  between  them  ; 
there  are  few  very  faint  or  no  radial  strire ;  the  posterior  end  is 
slightly  the  longer  and  more  attenuated,  the  anterior  shorter  and 
higher;  pallial  sinus  narrow,  almost  angular  in  front,  just  reaching 
the  vertical  of  the  beaks  ;  the  color  is  generally  white,  rarely  pink- 
ish or  yellowish. 

This  species  is  common  in  moderate  depths  from  Cape  Hatteras  to 
Key  West  and  Peusacola,  Florida.  It  is  smaller  and  more  lozenge 
shaped  than  E.  nitens.  Several  specimens  from  the  Mediterranean 
are  in  the  Jeffreys  collection  under  the  name  of  the  young  of  E. 
castanea  or  E.  nitens.  It  is  represented  in  the  Postpliocene  of  North 
Creek,  Little  Sarasota  Bay,  Florida,  by  a  variety  less  strongly  >tii- 
ated  and  which  seems  to  form  the  transition  to  the  Pliocene  species. 
Ervilia  maculosa  Dall,  n.  s. 

Shell  almost  perfectly  oval,  very  thin,  compressed,  and  almost 
translucent ;  closely,  sharply,  finely,  concentrically  striated  without 
radial  stria; ;  posterior  end  higher,  rounded,  longer  than  the  ante- 
rior; beaks  low  and  calyculate;  hinge  very  feeble;  pallial  sinus 
•wide  and  rounded,  falling  short  of  the  vertical  of  the  beaks  ante- 
riorly ;  surface  mottled  with  brown  streaks  and  patches  on  a  trans- 
lucent ground.  Lon.  4'5  alt.  2'7  mm. 

This  quite  distinct  form  was  obtained  oft' Cape  Lookout,  N.  Caro- 
lina in  22  fathoms  by  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commission.  It  is  recognizable 


THE    NAUTILUS.  27 

at  once  by  its  very  oval,  compressed  aud  translucent  shell  with  very 
fine  and  sharp  concentric  groovings.  So  fur  I  have  not  found  it  in 
the  fossil  state. 


NOTES  ON  MOLLUSKS  OF  FLORIDA. 


BY    JOSEPH    WILLCOX. 


In  THE  NAUTILUS  for  November,  1894,  the  writer  referred 
to  the  habits  of  many  species  of  mollusks  which  he  observed  on  the 
west  coast  of  Florida.  The  present  paper  has  been  written  in  con- 
tinuation of  the  same  subject. 

It  is  an  interesting  matter,  for  personal  observation,  to  witness  the 
persistent  and  relentless  warfare  of  the  molluscan  forms  upon  others 
of  the  same  family  in  their  quest  for  food. 

In  the  case  of  the  oyster  their  enemies  are  not  confined  to  members 
of  the  mollusca.  In  Florida  waters  they  are  preyed  upon  by  num- 
erous enemies  which  ply  their,  predaceous  vocation  during  the 
twelve  months  of  the  year. 

Among  the  fishes  the  drum  and  the  sheephead  are  the  chief  con- 
sumers of  the  oyster ;  the  former  devouring  those  of  moderate  size, 
while  the  latter  confine  their  attention  to  the  destruction  of  voung 

»  O 

oysters. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  oyster  beds  nearly  all  the  sheephead  fish  are 
found  with  ragged  and  freshly-cut  lips  caused  by  the  sharp  edges  of 
the  young  oysters  which  they  break  loose  from  the  clusters.  So  per- 
sistent are  the  sheephead,  in  the  destruction  of  the  young  oysters, 
that  single  individuals  of  the  latter  are  comparatively  rare  ;  and  the 
survival  of  the  species,  in  some  localities,  is,  in  a  great  measure,  due 
to  their  protective  habit  of  living  in  clusters. 

Coextensive  with  the  destruction  of  the  oyster  by  the  fishes,  refer- 
red to  above,  their  consumption  appears  to  be  as  great  by  their 
molluscan  enemy  the  Melongena  corona. 

Every  oyster  bed,  on  the  west  coast  of  Florida,  from  Cedar  Keys 
to  Cape  Sable,  is  infested  by  these  ostneophagi,  which  persistently 
prey  upon  the  oysters  as  the  chief  article  of  their  diet. 

Their  method  of  attack  and  subsequent  destruction,  from  which 
there  is  no  escape  for  the  victim,  is  exceedingly  ingenious,  and  is 
probably  not  unaccompanied  by  some  measure  of  discomfort  and 
even  pain  on  the  part  of  the  aggressor. 


28  THE    NAUTILUS. 

The  first  effort  in  tlie  assault,  on  the  part  of  the  Melougena,  is  the 
insertion  of  its  beak  or  rostrum  between  the  open  valves  of  the 
oyster,  when  the  latter  is  feeding.  The  valves,  of  course,  are  imme- 
diately closed  upon  the  beak  of  the  assailant,  which  is  round  and 
tough,  resembling  in  form  and  color  a  leather  shoe-string. 

At  this  particular  juncture  the  oyster  appears  to  have  the  best 
position  in  the  struggle  for  life;  and  if  it  could  maintain  its  exist- 
ence, without  relaxing  its  muscles,  the  Melongena  would,  in  time, 
starve  to  death  while  held  in  its  grasp. 

The  position  of  affairs  just  described  is  probably  continued  for  a 
long  time,  until  the  oyster,  exhausted  with  the  strain  in  the  contrac- 
tion of  its  muscles,  is  obliged  to  open  its  shells. 

This  is  the  opportunity  which  the  Melongena  has  been  patiently, 
or  impatient! v,  awaiting  ;  and  ils  beak  is  immediately  thrust  further 
between  the  oyster  shells. 

It  is  only  a  question  of  time  when  the  beak  of  the  Melongena 
reaches  the  muscular  portion  of  the  oyster  ;  and  then  the  process 
of  devouring  it  begins. 

Earlv  in  the  progress  of  this  struggle  for  life  other  Melongenaa 
assemble  at  the  prospective  feast,  and  insert  their  lieaks  between  the 
shells  of  the  oyster,  and  then  await  their  opportunity  for  engorge- 
ment. 

The  writer  has  picked  up  an  oyster  in  Little  Sarasota  Bay,  in 
Florida,  from  which  14  Melongenas  were  dangling,  suspended  by 
their  long  beaks,  which  were  held  in  the  closed  shells  of  their  victim. 
A  duster  of  oysters  was  found,  at  the  same  place,  between  the  shells 
of  which  were  inserted  the  beaks  of '_''_>  .Melongenas. 

The  Bigaretus  is  enabled  to  destroy  the  oyster  by  enveloping  it 
in  its  folds,  and  in  that  manner  smothering  it.  In  the  same  manner 
the  Fulgur  jiervi-rsnin  kills  the  oyster  by  enveloping  it  in  its  foot. 

The  Melongenas  successfully  attack  and  destroy  large  specimens 
of  Fulijm-  perversum.  They  crowd  on  and  around  the  operculnm  of 
the  latter,  and  when  it  is  opened  for  the  admission  of  water  for  res- 
piration, the  beaks  of  the  Melongenas  are  ruthlessly  inserted  be- 
tween it  and  the  shell ;  and  the  same  method  of  attack  is  pursued  as 
in  the  case  of  the  oyster. 

It  is  surprising  to  see  how  skillfully  the  Melongenas  can  arrange 
themselves,  in  order  that  the  greatest  number  may  occupy  the  space 
at  their  disposal  at  the  feast. 

The  writer  has  seen  a  Melongena  rin-unn  devouring  a  shrimp,  and 
also  a  Solen  amerieanus. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  29 

The  only  mollusk,  seen  to  destroy  the  Melongena,  was  a  Fascio- 
/iiria  iji'jiudeii  which  enclosed  it  in  its  folds. 

On  one  occasion  a  dead  king-crab  was  found,  lying  on  its  back, 
on  which  many  Faseiolaria  tnlipa  were  crowded  and  eating  it. 

An  abundant  food  for  the  Fasciolaria  dinfuns  is  the  Vermetus, 
(Pt-talocoiichus)  niyricans,  into  the  tubes  of  which  the  former  inserts 
its  beak. 


A  WORD  ABOUT  SPH.ZERIA. 


BY    EDWARD    W.    ROPER. 


Among  thousands  of  Sphseria  examined  during  the  past  year 
several  unique  forms  have  been  found.  For  example,  a  robust, 
rounded  shell  less  than  one-fourth  inch  long,  with  prominent  beaks, 
from  near  Tallahassee,  Florida.  This  is  quite  distinct  from  any 
species  yet  seen  from  the  Gulf  states.  Again  a  very  dark  brown 
shell  from  southern  Ohio,  of  the  group  of  S.  occidentals,  but  thicker 
and  with  more  prominent  beaks.  From  an  unknown  locality  came 
a  single  specimen  resembling  a  small  S.  transverxwm  but  with  a  less 
angular  outline.  Lastly  from  Minnesota  and  other  neighboring 
states,  may  be  mentioned  a  thin,  orbicular,  gray  or  light  olive  shell 
with  calyculate  beaks,  often  regarded  as  S.  truncahim,  but  probably 
different  from  the  New  England  shell  described  by  Linsley.  These 
forms  have  mostly  come  from  single  localities  in  very  small  numbers, 
and  in  view  of  the  great  variation  among  species  in  this  genus,  it 
would  be  unsafe  to  consider  them  new  on  such  slight  evidence.  The 
writer  would  like  correspondence  with  collectors  having  unique  and 
doubtful  Spbteria  in  their  possession. 


THE  MUSSELS  SCARS  OF  UNIOS. 


BY    CHAS.    T.    SIMPSON. 


In  some  comments  on  my  recent  paper  on  the  classification  and 
distribution  of  the  Naiades  in  THE  NAUTILUS  for  June,  1896,  I 
notice  the  statement  that  in  having  a  series  of  muscle  scars  in  the 
middle  of  the  disk  Mun/aritcnia  margaritifera,  iiiti//»<l<n>l<i,  etc.  differ 


30  THE    NAUTILUS. 

from  any  Unios ;  and  this  seems  to  be  the  character  on  which  the 
writer  would  separate  Margaritmta  generically  from  Unto. 

In  the  former  species  these  little  muscle  scars  or  points  of  attach- 
ment of  the  mantle  are  sometimes  a  set  of  round,  deep  punctures  in 
the  nacre,  but  more  often  they  consist  of  slightly  indented  dashes, 
which  radiate  from  the  umbonal  cavity.  They  vary  in  number  from 
a  very  few  to  50  or  more,  and  are  often  entirely  wanting.  In  some 
examples  these  scars  are  more  or  less  aggregated  into  a  sort  of  lon- 
gitudinal row  along  the  middle  of  the  disk,  looking  like  a  strongly 
developed  pallial  line. 

In  Margaritanamonodonta  they  appear  usually  as  deep  punctures, 
and  vary  from  many  to  none  and  the  same  thing  is  true  of  Unio  hem- 
In  ti.  I  have  not  found  them  in  U.  decumbens  or  U.  lui>*e»sis. 

In  1830  Isaac  Lea  described  Unio  trapezoides  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  Volume  IV,  page  69,  and 
called  attention  to  the  fact  that  this  species  possessed  a  strongly 
developed  muscle  scar  near  the  center  of  the  disk,  which  he  then 
named  the  ventral  cicatrix.  It  is  present  (sometimes  double)  and 
well  developed  in  most  specimens,  feeble  in  others,  or  it  may  be  found 
in  one  valve  and  wanting  in  the  other,  or  absent  altogether.  The 
same  is  true  of  most  of  the  species  of  the  plicate  group  of  Unios, 
which  are  all  nearly  related;  N.  multiplicatus,  inululiitu*,  perji/i<-n- 
tus,  etc.,  but  I  have  never  found  these  scars  in  the  nearly  allied  U. 
xlniitiann-8  Lea,  of  Georgia,  which  is  so  close  to  U.  trapezoides  that 
Call  has  placed  it  in  the  synonymy  of  that  species.1  In  V.  tm/n-- 
zoides  there  may  be  one  or  two  anterior  pedal  scars  and  they  are 
often  widely  separated. 

A  wonderful  degree  of  variation  is  also  found  in  the  number  and 
position  of  the  dorsal  scars  of  many  species  of  Unios,  and  in  the 
degree  of  development  of  the  scars  in  the  pallial  line.  In  Mr.  B- 
H.  AV  right's  new  Unio,—  U.  bursa  past  or  is,  from  Tennesseee,  the 
pallial  line  is  generally  composed  of  deep,  strongly  marked  scars, 
to  which  the  mantle  is  attached  ;  in  Unio  ventricosus  it  is  often  so 
faint  as  to  be  scarcely  discernable.  I  know  of  no  character  more 
variable  and  wholly  unreliable  as  a  means  of  classification  in  the 
Uriionidce  than  that  of  the  muscle  scars  and  my  studies  lead  me  to 
believe  that  it  is  seldom  a  mark  of  even  specific  value. 

'Tr.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  VII,  Xo.  1.  p.  54. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  31 

DESCRIPTION  OF  TWO  NEW  SPECIES  OF  ACHATINELLIDJE 
FROM  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS. 


BY    D.    D.    BALDWIN. 


Partulina  Hayseldeni  n.  sp. 

Shell  sinistral,  minutely  perforated,  rather  solid,  ovately  conical, 
apex  subacute  ;  surface  shining,  marked  with  delicate  incremental 
stria?,  and  under  a  lens  exhibiting  very  close,  minute,  decussating 
spiral  lines  ;  embryonic  whorls  faintly  cross-lined.  Color  generally 
of  a  uniform  reddish-brown  ;  sometimes  the  coloring  of  the  middle 
portion  of  the  whorl  shades  into  white  on  the  apical  whorls,  and  in 
some  examples  a  white  line  revolves  below  the  suture.  Whorls  5o, 
slightly  convex,  narrowly  margined  above,  the  last  carinated  or 
angulated  at  the  periphery,  the  angle  becoming  almost  obsolete  to- 
wards the  aperture  ;  suture  distinctly  impressed  and  often  margined 
above  by  the  continuation  of  the  peripheral  keel.  Aperture  oblique, 
subovate,  white  within  with  a  pinkish  tinge  ;  peristome  white,  rather 
obtuse,  thickened  within,  the  basal  and  columellar  margins  slightly 
reflexed  ;  columella  terminating  in  a  strong,  flexuous,  white  fold. 

Length  17i  ;  diani.  10  mm. 

Habitat,  Island  of  Lanai. 

Animal  when  extended  in  motion  longer  than  the  shell.  Mantle 
slate  color  with  a  brown  band  encircling  the  outer  edge.  Foot  above 
and  below  almost  white  with  a  yellowish  tinge.  Tentacles  white 
tinged  with  slate. 

This  species  is  allied  to  P.  semicarinata  Newc.  which  is  found  in 
another  district  of  the  same  island.  The  latter  is  a  light  straw- 
colored,  more  conical,  and  invariably  dextral  shell.  The  animals  of 
the  two  species  are  somewhat  similar,  but  sufficiently  different  to 
warrant  the  separation. 

We  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  handsome  shell  to  Mr.  Walter 
H.  Hayselden,  the  young  naturalist  who  discovered  both  it  and  the 
following  species. 
Amastra  aurostoma  n.  sp. 

Shell  dextral,  imperforate,  solid,  elongately  ovate,  spire  conical, 
apex  subacute;  surface  lusterless,  striated  with  somewhat  irregular, 
coarse  growth  stria?;  the  embryonic  whorls  finely,  radiately  sulcated. 
Color  light  brown,  apex  dark  chestnut ;  the  lower  whorls  covered 
with  a  black,  fugacious  epidermis  which  is  generally  dense  on  the 
last  whorl  and  more  sparsely  distributed  on  the  other 


LIBRARY 


THE    NAUTILUS. 

Whorls  6£,  somewhat  convex;  suture  well  impressed.  Aperture 
ovate,  a  little  oblique,  of  an  orange  yellow  color  within  ;  peristome 
simple,  acute,  not  thickened  within,  extremities  united  by  a  thick, 
orange  tinted,  parietal  callosity;  eolumella  orange-yellow,  flexuoiis, 
abruptly  terminating  in  a  thin,  slightly  curved  lamellar  plait. 

Length,  25  ;  diam.  12  nun. 

Habitat,  Island  of  Lanai. 

Animal  when  extended  in  motion  as  long  as  the  shell.  Mantle 
dark  slate,  margined  on  the  outer  edge  with  reddish-brown.  Foot 
above  and  below  very  dark-brown,  the  sides  studded  with  large 
patches  of  darker  hue,  the  posterior  portion  tinged  with  red.  The 
head  above  and  tentacles  covered  with  almost  black  granulations. 

The  prominent  features  of  this  shell  are  its  elongate  form  and 
orange  colored  aperture. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 


[Conducted  in  thr  int<'uM  nf  tlir  Isaac  Lea  Conchological  Om^tcr  i>f  Hir  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Willia 


The  first  week  in  May,  the  vol.  of  Transactions  crossed  the  Rocky 
Mountains  on  its  way  east.  Our  members  in  the  Eastern  States 
have  been  very  patient  in  awaiting  its  arrival.  The  address  of  Mr. 
James  H.  Lemon  has  been  changed  from  134  Grange  Ave.,  to  L'TO 
Markham  St.,  Toronto,  Canada. 

In  the  January  number  of  THE  NAUTILUS  the  Editors  noted  the 
publication  of  the  Reverend  George  W.  Taylor's,  "Preliminary 
Catalogue  of  the  Marine  Mollusks  of  the  Pacific  Coast  of  Canada, 
with  notes  on  their  Distribution."  This  Catalogue  uill  not  only  be 
found  helpful  to  members  of  our  chapter  residing  on  the  Pacific 
Coast,  but  useful  to  all  members  interested  in  the  Molluscan  fauna' 
of  the  coast.  The  bulletin  shows  great  care  in  bringing  the  nomen- 
clature up  to  date.  The  class! firati idopted  by  Dr.  \V.  II.  Call 

in  liis  "  Marine  Mollusks  of  the  S.  E.  Coast  of  the  United  States," 
has  been  followed  by  Mr.  Taylor.  The  Catalogue  is  for  sale  by 
John  Durie  &  Son,  Ottawa,  and  The  Copp  ( 'lark  Co.,  Toronto, 
Canada. 

Another  new  name  is  added  to  our  membership  roll,  Mr.  Leon 
Walker,  Chelsea,  Mass.  Members  will  please  notice  that  additions 


THE    XAUTII.l>. 

to  our  membership  are  now  published  in  THE  NAUTILUS.  Our 
Chapter  is  so  large  that  the  small  amount  charged  for  dues,  for  one 
member,  is  consumed  by  the.  time  the  new  one  has  been  introduced 
by  postal  card  to  all  the  members  of  the  chapter.  THE  NAUTILUS 
is  our  chapter  organ  and  no  member  can  afford  to  be  without  it. 

The  Juvenile  Section  is  reported  in  The  Observer,  Portland, 
Conn.,  May  number  page  265,  under  the  title  "  Notes  from  Young 
Conehologists." 


AN  INTERROGATION  REGARDING  THE  FOSSIL  SHELLS  OF 
SAN  PEDRO  BAY. 


[An  Extract  from  the  Report  of  the  Hon   Delos  Arnold.       From  the  Transactions  of 
the  Isaac  Lea  Conchologicul  Chapter  for  1895]. 

It  is  probable  there  are  many  species  of  shells  undiscovered  in  the 
hidden  recesseiTof  our  extended  shores,  that  will  be  revealed  from 
time  to  time  as  our  facilities  for  systematic  collecting  are  increased. 
This  feature  of  the  question  cannot  but  inspire  the  devotees  of  con- 
chology — both  old  and  young — with  a  keen  interest.  The  possibility, 
not  to  say  strong  probability,  of  being  instrumental  in  adding  new- 
forms  to  the  accumulating  list  is  an  ever  present  incentive  to  earnest, 
careful  and  intelligent  observation.  To  lend  color  to  the  idea  of  the 
existence  of  undiscovered  species  in  this  region,  is  the  fact  that 
among  three  hundred  or  more  species  and  varieties  of  Quaternary  and 
Tertiary  marine  fossils  that  have  been  discovered  in  the  rocks  and 
raised  beaches  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Pedro  Bay  there  are  many 
that  are  supposed  to  be  extinct  in  this  locality,  and  yet,  the  same  or 
nearly  allied  species  are  known  to  be  living  along  the  shores  of 
Alaska  and  Washington,  and  some  even  as  far  south  as  the  northern 
shores  of  California.  Among  there  are  ;  Muchcera  pntula  Dixon, 
Pi'iene  Oregoneiisis  Redf.,  Pi:deii  hantatus  Sby.,  AV-ww  Gali/ornica 
<Jonr.  and  others. 

There  are  several  species,  also,  that  are  occasionally  found  alive 
at  Santa  Cataline  Id.  and  possibly  in  the  water  in  San  Pedro  Bay, 
whose  scarcity  excites  the  suspicion  that  they  are  "  in  the  course  of 
ultimate  extinction,"  or  at  least,  in  the  Hue  of  departure.  Among 
these  are : 

CJwysodomui  tabulatus  Buird. 

Fusus  Barbarensis  Trask. 


34  THE   NAUTILUS. 

Surcula  Cai'penteriana  Gabb. 

Surcii/i.1  Tri/oniniia  Gabb. 

Venus  (Chione)  ynidla  Brod.  &  Sby. 

Pecten  (Janira)  fioridus  Hinds. 

Lucina  acutilineata  Conr. 

Nassa  insciilpta  Cpr. 

Hemicardiwm  biangulata. 

It  would  hardly  be  safe  with  our  limited  knowledge  of  the  mol- 
lusca  of  this  region,  at  this  time,  to  assert  with  positiveness  that  any 
of  the  supposed  extinct  species,  are  really  extinct  species,  and  yet, 
the  fact  is  apparent  that  even  those  species  that  are  occasionally 
found  living  here  bear  a  very  small  relation,  so  far  as  numbers  are 
concerned,  to  those  that  existed  in  the  past.  The  fact  is  further  ap- 
parent that  along  the  northern  shores  of  the  Continent  these  same 
species  are  found  in  great  abundance ;  this  might  suggest  a  probable 
migration. 

Still  the  uncertainty  of  the  matter,  and  the  possibility  of  disprov- 
ing the  theory  of  extinction  by  an  actual  discovery  of  the  living  in- 
dividuals here  add  interest  and  a  stimulus  to  collectors  and  scien- 
tists. 

If,  after  an  exhaustive  search  for  these  missing  species,  it  shall 
appear  that  they  have  really  disappeared,  then  the  interesting  ques- 
tion arises  as  to  the  reason  of  their  departure. 

What  were  the  conditions  surrounding  this  locality  in  the  Quater- 
nary and  Pliocene  periods  that  made  it  possible  for  these  forms  to 
exist  then,  that  are  now  so  changed  as  to  render  it  impossible  for 
them  to  exist  at  present,  and  why  are  they  still  living  along  more 
northern  shores  ? 

The  study  of  these  questions  may  lead  us  somewhat  out  of  the  line 
of  conchology  and  into  other  branches  of  scientific  investigation,  but 
as  knowledge  is  what  we  should  all  covet,  it  might  not  be  time  mis- 
spent to  look  into  the  subject. 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


AMERICAN  PALEONTOLOGY.— For  some  time  past  we  have  been 
considering  plans  to  increase  the  scope  of  our  present  publication, 
"  Bulletins  of  American  Paleontology,"  in  several  ways,  the  details 


THE   NAUTILUS.  35 

of  which  it  is  not  necessary  here  to  enumerate.  In  order,  however, 
to  ascertain  what  material  suitable  for  a  purely  paleontological  pub- 
lication may  be  available,  we  have  concluded  to  offer  a  prize  $50.00 
for  the  best  American  (North,  Central  or  South)  paleoutological 
article  presented  for  publication,  as  a  separate  Bulletin,  before  May 
1,  1897.  The  article  must  be  a  well  written  original  monograph  or 
report  upon  some  special  problem  studied  in  the  h'eld  or  laboratory 
or  both,  i.  e.,  not  a  mere  compilation  from  books.  This  report  may 
contain  from  50  to  200  pages  and  from  5  to  10  full  page  plates  of 
the  size  of  our  Bulletins.  It  may  be  written  in  any  language  using 
Roman  characters.  The  judges  named  below  shall  have  the  power 
to  divide  the  prize  in  two  equal  parts  in  case  of  doubt  between  the 
merits  of  two  excellent  articles,  or  to  withhold  the  prize  in  case  no 
suitable  articles  appear. 

JUDGES:  H.  S.  Williams,  Yale  University,  New  Haven,  Conn.; 
T.  W.  Stanton,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  G.  D.  Harris, 
Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Address  all  communications  to  G.  D.  Harris,  Department  of 
Paleontology,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

AGRIOLIMAX  CAMPESTRIS  IN  THE  PECOS  VALLEY,  N.  M. — When 
recently  at  Roswell,  N.  M.,  I  found  a  few  specimens  of  Ag.  eompes- 
tris.  This  is  only  the  second  locality  for  the  species  known  in  New 
Mexico,  and  is  the  first  record  of  any  slug  from  the  drainage-area 
of  the  Pecos  River. — T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL,  Mesilln,  N.  M. 

THE  EDITOR  acknowledges  receipt  of  living  West  Coast  Helices 
from  Mrs.  E.  P.  Gay  lord  and  Mr.  Fred  L.  Button.  They  are  en- 
joying life  in  the  vivarium  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 


NOTICES  OF  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


A  STUDY  OF  THE  UNIONID;E  OP  ARKANSAS,  WITH  INCIDENTAL 

REFERENCE  TO  THEIR  DISTRIBUTION  IN  THE   MISSISSIPPI  VALLEY. 

By  R.  Ellsworth  Call.— (Tr.Acad.  Science  of  St.  Louis,  VII,  1895). 
Under  the  above  title  the  author  has  published  a  catalogue  of  the 
Vnlonidce  of  the  state  of  Arkansas,  with  partial  bibliographic  refer- 
ences and  copious  notes.  The  species  are  arranged  in  alphabetical 


36  THE     NAUTILI'S. 

order,  for  convenience  of  reference,  no  doubt,  for  Mr.  Call  has  else- 
where acknowledged  and  used  the  natural  system  of  placing  allied 
forms  in  groups.  A  number  of  the  species,  especially  those  of  La- 
mark,  are  illustrated  by  carefully  drawn  wood  cuts,  the  original  and 
additional  descriptions  are  given. 

Lamarck's  types  were  only  briefly  described  by  him  in  the 
Animaux  sans  Vertebres,  and  were  not  figured,  and  as  he  had  but  a 
limited  amount  of  material  on  which  to  base  these  descriptions,  and 
many  of  his  localities  were  erroneous  much  of  his  work  naturally  rests 
under  a  cloud.  Lea  examined  most  of  what  were  believed  to  be  his 
types  of  Naiades,  and  it  is  on  his  testimony  that  our  identifications 
of  the  species  of  the  great  French  Naturalist,  for  the  most  part,  rest. 
The  determinations  of  the  Lamarckian  species  given  in  this  paper 
agree  with  those  of  Lea. 

Mr.  Call  has  long  been  known  as  an  extensive  collector  and  a 
careful  student  of  the  North  American  Unionidoe,  a.nd  is  deservingly 
considered  a  high  authority  on  the  subject.  The  only  criticism  on 
his  paper  that  occurs  to  the  writer  of  this  review  is  that  one  or  two 
errora  are  made  in  identification,  and  that  he  has  placed  rather  too 
many  .-pccies  in  the  synonymy.  Uni<>  lircri<l<'ns  is  not  the  male  of 
what  Lea  afterwards  described  as  ?7.arT«e/orwm,  for  although  closely 
allied  it  is  perfectly  distinct.  The  former  in  its  younger  stages  is 
more  compressed,  and  the  remarkable  swelling  in  the  posterior  region 
of  the  female  is  always  full  and  distinct,  projecting  below  the  base 
of  the  shell.  N.  arcwformi*  is  always  greatly  inflated,  is  more 
strongly  angled  posteriorly,  and  the  swelling  of  the  female  shell  is 
nut  so  distinct,  nor  does  it  usually  project  below  the  ventral  line. 
It  is  not  colored  like  V.  br<  n<li:n*. 

L'niii  i'<  mistits  Lea  is  a  solid  shell,  with  broad,  distinct,  green  rays, 
and  is  probably  only  a  heavy  form  of  ('.  .<ji<ii<il,iiti.t,  while  U.  /itm*! 
Marsh,  is  more  delicate,  and  has  indistinct,  wavy  hair-line  radiations 
of  dull  green,  and  a  general  reddish  tint  thoughout  the  shell. 

In  general  the  synonymy  is  quite  correct,  and  Mr.  Call  has  made 
a  good  move  in  I  lie  direction  of  checking  the  enormous  multiplica- 
tion of  specific  names  that  are  founded  on  mere  variations  nr  insuf- 
ficient material.  The  paper  is  a  valuable  and  welcome  addition  to 
the  literature  of  the  North  American  Unionithe. — C.  T.  SIMPSON. 


At  a  special  meeting  of  the  trustees  of  the  Detroit  Museum  of 
Art,  held  June  25th,  a  bronze  medal  was  presented  to  Mr.  Frederick 
Stearns,  in  recognition  of  his  valuable  gifts  and  untiring  efforts  on 
behalf  of  the  Museum  during  the  past  twelve  years. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


Vol~  x.  AUGUST,  1896.  No.  4 


A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  POMATIOPSIS. 


BY    HENRY   A.    PILSBKY. 


The  genus  Pomatiopsis  is  peculiar  to  North  America.  All  of  the 
species  occur  in  the  temperate  portion  of  the  continent,  and  the 
whole  United  States,  excepting  perhaps  parts  of  the  Koeky  Mount- 
tain  region,  still  but  imperfectly  explored  for  small  shells,  is  occupied 
by  the  various  forms.  The  best-known  species  P.  lapidaria  Say,  is 
as  much  a  terrestrial  mollusk  as  most  of  the  Succineas.  They  can- 
not live  for  any  length  of  time  immersed  in  water,  and  I  have 
drowned  specimens,  just  as  laud  snails  may  be  drowned,  by  confin- 
ing them  in  a  vessel  full  of  water.  Information  upon  the  other 
species  is  less  definite,  but  P.  cincinnatiensis  at  least  seems  to  be  of 
aquatic  habits. 

The  genus  is  much  more  distinct  than  most  genera  of  Amiticolidce, 
the  dentition  being,  as  William  Stimpson  first  pointed  out,  strikingly 
characteristic  of  the  group.  The  shells  vary  from  the  high,  turrited 
Bythinella  form,  to  nearly  as  short  as  some  Amnicolas. 

The  species  described  below  is  the  third  from  the  Eastern  States, 
and  the  fourth  species  of  the  genus,  the  others  being  P.  lapidaria 
Say,  P.  cineinnatiensis  Lea  and  P.  intermedia  Tryon. 
Pomatiopsis  Hinkleyi  n.  sp. 

Shell  perforate,  turrited,  decidedly  stouter  in  figure  than  P.  lapid- 
aria, but  less  compact  and  widely  conic  than  P.  cincinnatiensis. 
Olive-brown.  Surface  with  growth-lines  about  as  in  P.  lapidaria. 
Whorls  6,  very  convex,  separated  by  a  deep  suture.  Aperture 


38  THE   NAUTILUS. 

slightly  exceeding  one-third  the  length  of  shell,  ovate,  the  outer  lip 
strongly  arcuate  above,  columellar  margin  flattened  above;  per- 
istorae  continuous,  the  adnate  parietal  portion  longer  than  in  1'. 
/apidaria.  Alt.  6,  diam.  o-5  mm. 

Black  Falls,  above   Flormce,  Alabama  (A.  A.  Hinkley,  1894). 

The  species  is  somewhat  intermediate  between  P.  lapiduria  and  P. 
cincinnatiensis,  but  more  like  the  former,  from  which,  however,  it  is 
very  easily  distinguished  on  comparison.  The  form  is  stouter,  the 
aperture  larger,  the  outer  lip  more  strongly  curved  above,  and  the 
color  duskier.  The  apex  is  somewhat  eroded  in  all  of  the  well 
grown  specimens.  The  dentition  is  similar  in  general  characters  to 
that  of  P.  lapidaria. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Bryant  Walker  for  the  specimens,  which 
were  collected  by  Mr.  Hinkley.  Upon  inquiry,  my  correspondent 
quotes  as  follows  from  Mr.  Hinkley's  letter:  "  Most  of  the  distance 
from  Florence  to  the  last  lock  of  the  canal  there  is  a  steep  rocky 
bank  ;  a  few  rods  from  the  water  of  the  river  over  this  bank  and  out 
of  it  are  several  small  streams  and  springs  of  clear  water.  The 
species  under  consideration  was  seen  at  most  of  these  small  streams 
but  was  not  numerous  except  at  the  two  falls  from  which  they  were 
taken.  Three  forms  of  Goniobasis  were  taken  from  the  same  streams. 
Now,  while  the  Goniobasis  were  in  the  water,  the  others  were  not. 
They  were  taken  from  moss  and  decaying  vegetation  but  were  kept 
damp  by  the  spray  of  the  falls  or  by  the  dripping  water  under  the 
rock  back  of  the  falls  and  the  saturated  moss.  As  I  made  a  hurried 
trip  the  day  I  collected  these  shells,  they  were  not  examined  closely, 
but  I  took  it  for  granted  they  were  feeding  iu  the  decaying  vegeta- 
tion. None  of  them  were  found  beyond  the  reach  of  the  spray  but 
still  they  might  have  been  hidden  under  the  rubbish." 

From  this  the  new  species  appears,  as  Mr.  Walker  remarks,  to  be 
clearly  Pomatiopsine  in  habits.  In  choosing  a  specific  term  for  the 
form,  I  have  acted  upon  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Walker  that  the  name 
of  one  of  our  best  collectors  be  associated  with  this  interesting 
species. 

THE  WEIGHT  AND    SIZE  OF  "SHELLS. 


BY    REV.    HENRY    W.    WINKLEY. 


With  the  assistance  of  Mr.  D.  E.  Owen,  teacher  of  Physics  in 
Thornton  Academy,  the  writer  has  weighed  a  few  species  of  minute 
shells.  The  results  are  given  as  follows  : 


THE    NAUTILUS.  39 

Twelve  specimens  of  Axtyris  htnntu  from  Wood  Hole,  Mass, 
weighed  0.095  gms.  This  would  make  one  specimen  weigh  about 
<l.( IDS  gm.  Reducing  this  to  avoirdupois  weight  we  have  one  shell 
weighing  0.000282  oz. 

The  next  example  is  Cerithiopsis  Greenii — being  the  first  of  the 
species  found  in  Canadian  waters,  i.  e.  from  Prince  Edwards  Island. 
Ten  specimens  weighed  0.023  gin.  or  in  ounces  one  specimen  would 
weigh  0.000081  oz. 

Two  sets  of  Odostomia  semimtda  were  compared.  The  one  being, 
like  the  above,  the  first  found  at  Prince  Edwards  Island.  The 
others  came  from  near  Woods  Hole,  Mass.  It  was  found  that  the 
( 'unadians  weighed  each  0.000048  oz.  while  those  from  Mass,  weighed 
each  0.000105  oz.  The  difference  in  size  is  noticeable  without 
weighing.  This  proves  that  Mass,  is  a  better  place  to  live  than 
Prince  Edwards  Island.  The  most  interesting  of  all  is  New  Eng- 
land's conchological  elephant,  Skenea  planorbw.  The  set  weighed 
was  found  near  Saco,  Me.  The  average  weight  of  a  specimen  is 
O.OOI>018  oz.  At  this  rate  it  would  require  56,700  to  make  an  ounce, 
907,200  to  the  pound,  and  a  ton  would  require  18,144,000,000.  At 
the  rate  of  five  cents  each,  a  pound  would  be  worth  $45,360.00.  I 
am  sorry  to  say  I  cannot  supply  them  by  the  ton,  or  pound. 

After  weighing,  the  writer  became  interested  in  size  comparisons, 
and  two  species  from  the  same  region,  i.  e.  Saco,  were  compared. 
The  largest  shell  in  my  New  England  cabinet  is  Maetra,  solidissima, 
and  the  smallest  Skenea  planorbw.  The  Mactra  weighs  17i  oz.  It 
would  require  1,004,250  of  Skenea  to  balance  the  one  Mactra.  The 
surface  of  the  Mactra  was  reduced  to  a  flat  as  near  as  possible, 
divided  into  small  squares,  and  the  Skenea  was  placed  on  the  small 
square  to  estimate  the  comparative  size.  Dividing  an  inch  into 
sixteen  squares,  Skenea  would  find  room  enough  for  25  on  each 
square,  or  405  to  the  square  inch.  On  the  total  surface  of  the 
Mactra  (including  both  sides)  there  would  be  space  enough  for 
30,000  individuals  of  Skenea  to  rest  comfortably.  The  above  species 
are  all  marines  and  hence  the  comparisons  are  more  interesting 
since  conditions  of  life  are  similar.  Much  larger  forms  occur  in  other 
waters  but  the  specimens  selected  represent  the  extremes  of  the  New 
England  area.  I  need  hardly  say  that  in  commercial  life  these 
-extremes  are  avoided  and  the  medium  sizes  are  of  more  economic 
value  and  popularity. 


40  THE   NAUTILUS. 

SOME  NOTES  ON  FLORIDA  MOLLUSCA. 


BY    FRANK    A.    WHITE. 


Just  before  the  middle  of  March  I  went  on  a  trip  to  the  head- 
waters of  the  Halifax  river,  which  is  one  of  the  coast-wise  waters  of 
Florida.  On  that  trip  I  had  the  pleasure  of  picking  up  two  shells 
of  Argonanta  argo  var.  ameriranu.  I  found  them  on  the  Atlantic 
Beach  about  thirty  miles  north  from  Mosquito  Inlet. 

During  the  past  winter  and  spring  there  have  been  over  a  hundred 
of  these  shells  picked  up  in  this  vicinity.  I  never  heard  of  but 
seven  having  been  found  on  this  beach  previous  to  this  season. 

I  also  found  Cyrenoide*  floridana  Ball.  These  animals  were  alive 
and  in  apparent  health,  about  one  hundred  feet  from  the  creek  and 
from  J  to  i  inch  below  the  surface  of  the  soil.  The  laud  was  low 
and  at  the  time  of  finding  was  wet  from  a  copious  rain.  I  also 
came  across  a  locality  where  Physa  pomilia  Conr.  are  found,  in 
abundance  in  running  water. 

In  January,  1895,  I  spent  sometime  at  Crescent  Beach  about 
twelve  miles  south  of  Cape  Canaveral.  One  day  I  walked  south 
about  two  or  two  and  a  half  miles  to  "  the  rocks"  and  found  a  large 
live  Cyprcea  exanthema  although  it  differs  very  much  in  contour  and 
spots  from  the  "  C.  exanthema"  in  my  collection.  Thinking  per- 
haps some  of  the  measurements  might  interest  the  readers  of  the 
NAUTILUS  I  submit  the  following  : 

Length  113,  width  60'.  mm.;  height  when  lying  with  aperture 
down,  46  mm.;  aperture  at  the  widest  place  19  mm.;  spire  not 
covered,  and  shows  five  volutions,  dental  plications  on  lip  40  ;  plica- 
tions on  columella  34;  lip  only  slightly  inflexed  having  the  inner 
side  of  lip  all  visible. 

When  found  the  entire  shell  was  a  rich  dark  brown  externally  ; 
purple  inside  where  visible.  The  outside  showed  no  trace  of  band, 
spot,  or  growth-lines  but  it  has  faded  much  although  kept  in  the 
dark  most  of  the  time,  and  now  shows  growth-lines  more  than  half 
way  round,  across  the  back  it  shows  three  light  bands  and  near 
both  lips  light  spots.  In  the  summer  of  1881  I  found  one  somewhat 
smaller  of  the  same  rich  brown  color  and  in  just  about  the  same 
place.  I  have  never  known  of  any  of  this  species  being  found  alive 
any  farther  north  than  "  the  rocks." 


THE    NAUTILUS.  41 

A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  BULIMUS. 


BY    H.    A.    PILSBRY. 


Auctus  ill  Stearnsianus  n.    i 

Shell  narrowly  umbilicate,  subulate,  tapering,  rather  solid  but  not 
thick;  covered  with  an  opaque  dark  olivaceous-brown  cuticle,  indis- 
tinctly and  irregularly  streaked  obliquely,  and  wanting  on  the 
fleshy-whitish  earlier  whorls.  Surface  shining,  with  close,  fine 
growth-wrinkles  and  very  minute,  close  and  superficial  spiral  striae. 
Spire  tapering  regularly  from  the  last  whorl  to  the  obtuse  apex, 
which  is  smooth  (but  somewhat  worn)  in  the  specimens.  Whorls?, 
hardly  convex,  with  linear  sutures,  the  last  not  deflexed. 

Aperture  contained  about  2J  times  in  alt.  of  shell,  long-ovate, 
dull  purplish  within,  somewhat  oblique;  peristome  white,  obtuse,  a 
trifle  expanded  at  the  edge,  the  margins  in  a  plane  and  brought  for- 
ward to  the  level  of  the  front  of  the  body-whorl ;  columellar  margin 
expanded  ;  parietal  callus  rather  heavy. 

Alt.  19,  diam.  7  ;  alt.  of  aperture  8  mill. 

Alt.  19*,  diam.  75;  alt,  of  aperture  8i  mill. 

Sierra  de  la  Ventana,  Argentina  (U.  S.  F.  C.). 

A  peculiar  species,  not  agreeing  well  with  others  of  this  group, 
but  so  far  as  I  can  see  not  referable  to  any  section  of  Bulimulus.  In 
my  opinion,  Anctits  is  to  be  grouped  with  Odontostomus,  Tomigerus 
and  Anostoma,  not  with  the  true  Bulimuli. 

The  first  whorl  in  this  species  is  truncated  pyramidal,  with  the 
earlier  third  depressed,  rapidly  ascending;  a  comma-shaped  apical 
pit  passed  into  the  suture.  The  whorl  just  back  of  the  upper  angle 
of  the  aperture,  is  somewhat  flattened,  recalling  the  condition  so  con- 
spicuous in  Plekocheiltis  Taylorianus  Rve.  It  is  named  in  honor 
of  my  friend  R.  E.  C.  Stearns,  who  some  years  ago  transmitted  to 
me  for  identification  specimens  collected  by  the  "Albatross." 


LAND  MOLLUSCA  FROM  THE  REJECTAMENTA  OF  THE  RIO  GRANDE, 

NEW  MEXICO. 


BY    T.    D.    A.    COCKERELL. 


A  few  weeks  ago  I  collected  a  quantity  of  small  land  shells  in  the 
rejectamenta  of  the  Rio  Grande  at.Mesilla,  and  sent  them  all  to  Dr. 
Sterki,  who  has  kindly  identified  them  as  follows: 


42  THE    NAUTILUS. 

(1.)   Hijnlinln  minii.ieiil't  liinn.,  Nineteen  examples. 

(2.)  H.  lirriiinfii/n  Sterki.     Thirteen. 

(3.)  Zonitniili-x  urboreus  Say.     One,  immature,  weathered. 

(4.)  Helicodiscus  lineatus  S&y.     Five. 

(5.)  Vallonia  ji>  i^pci-ticu  Sterki.  One;  small,  whorls  scarcely 
over  three. 

(6.)    V.  gracilicosta  Reinh.  (probably).     Three. 

(7.)    V.  cyclopliorella  Aucey.     One. 

(8.)   Buliminu*  ("  Pupa  ")  falla.i  Say.     Fifteen. 

(9.)  Pupa  blandi  Morse.  Eleven.  "  Very  variable  iu  altitude  ; 
a  few  smaller  specimens  are  scarcely  or  not  distinguishable  from  1'. 
fri/i/ici.iti.t  Studtr,  from  the  eastern  continent,  except  in  color,  which, 
iu  P.  blandi  and  other  species  of  the  group,  is  very  variable." 
(Sterki.) 

(10.)  P.  arizoneims  (Gabb)  W.  G.  B.  Three.  With  distinct 
ribs. 

(11.)  P.  hordeacea  Gabb.  Eighty-four.  "  Rather  variable  in 
size;  one  specimen  is  of  considerably  smaller  diameter  than  the 
average."  (Sterki.) 

(12.)  P.  hordeacella  Pilsbry.     Thirteen. 

(13.)  Vertigo  ovata  Say.  Twelve.  Two  are  lower  than  the  rest, 
with  the  base  somewhat  truncate. 

(14.)    Clonella  lubrica  Miill.     One. 

(15.)   Can/cJilnin  e.ciguum  Say.     One. 

Mesilla  is  much  lower  down  the  river  than  San  Marcial,  whence  a 
rejectamenta-collection  was  formerly  recorded.  Yet  the  types 
found  are  largely  boreal.  I  was  particularly  surprised  to  come 
across  the  Cionelln,  which  must  surely  have  floated  a  long  way. 
There  was  no  vestige  of  any  Holospira.  Li  mini  n,  Planorbis  *  jiui-ru* 
Say,  and  two  others)  and  Physa  occurred  with  the  above  land-shells, 
but  there  were  not  any  traces  of  8j>h(erium  or  Pisidium,  nor  of  any 
operculates. 

Further  Record*  of  Land  Shells  from  Xfir  Mi.ri«>. 

I  am  now  able  to  offer  two  more  lists  of  New  Mexico  shells,  all 
identified,  as  before,  by  Dr.  V.  Sterki,  who  has  been  most  kind  in 
attending  to  them. 

(1.)  Shells  from  the  rejectamenta  of  the  Rio  Grande  at  Rincon, 
N.  M.     This  is  between  Mesilla  and  San  Marcial.     They  were  with 
much  juniper  debris. 
14  Hijaliitia  minuscula  Binn.     3  Vertigo  ovata  Say.   "One  albino  ?" 


THE    NAUTILUS.  43 

10  Hyalinia  fawuscula  Sterki.  2  Sucrtiieo  ai-ura  Say. 

2  Helieodiseus  lineatus  Say. 
1    Va/loiiia  costata  Miill. 

17  Buliminus  fallax  S&y.     Some  apparently  albino. 
12  Pupa  hordeacea  Gabl). 

1   Pupa  procera  Gld.     "  Light  colored  or  possibly  albino." 

18  Pupa  hordeacelld  Pilsb.     "  Very  variable  in  altitude,  as  usual." 

3  Pupa  blandi  Mse.      "One  quite  small,  and  like  triplicata  Stud." 
There  were  also  9  Plan»i-l>i*  jmrvus  Say,  and  2  Planorbis  sp.     Dr. 

Sterki  had  not  before  seen  Pupa  procera  from  so  far  west. 

(2.)  Shells  from  debris  at  Lone  Mountain  near  Silver  City,  N.  M., 
about  liOOO  ft.  alt.  They  may  have  been  washed  two  or  three  miles, 
but  no  great  distance,  certainly. 

6  Hyalinia  minuseula  Biun.  87  Pupa  hordeacea  Gabb. 

22  HynUnia  ltrnu.--cula  Sterki.  1    Pupa  liardeacella  Pilsb. 

1    Vallonia  perspectiva  Sterki.  6  Pupa  pentoduit  Say. 

1    Vertigo  ovata  Say. 
The  range  of  F. perspectiva  is  extended. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT. 


[Conducted  in  the  int.  n-t  of  tin-  Isaac  Lea  Couchologii-al  Chapter  of  tliu  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 

Members  of  our  Chapter  who  have  not  received  the  Transactions 
•will  be  glad  to  learn  that  before  many  weeks  the  volume  will  have 
gone  the  rounds  of  the  chapter.  With  two  or  three  exceptions, 
members  have  promptly  forwarded  the  volume  after  retaining  it  but 
one  week,  and  the  General  Secretary  desires  to  thank  members  for 
their  promptness  in  notifying  her  when  forwarding  the  reports. 


A  CHAPTER  ON  METHODS. 


[From  the  report  of  Mr.  A.  H.  Gardner.      From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac  Lea 
Chapter  for  1895.] 


Not  the  smallest  object  to  the  collector  and  conchologist  is  sym- 
metry in  the  arrangement  of  the  cabinet.  Nothing  can  appear  worse 
than  an  untidy  heterogenous  array  of  specimens,  which  too  frequently 
reflects  the  spirit  of  its  author. 


44  THE    NAUTILUS. 

Efforts  in  this  line  do  not  necessarily  entail  expense,  but,  they  do 
call  for  more  care  and  work  than  some  people  like  to  give.  Per- 
haps the  first  thing  the  collector  thinks  about  after  he  has  his  spec- 
imens and  has  determined  them,  is  of  some  arrangement  whereby  he 
can  secure  the  safety  and  identity  of  the  separate  species,  and  on  this 
account  he  casts  his  eyes  around  for  trays  or  the  bottom  parts  of 
boxes.  Now  there  is  abundance  of  boxes  to  be  found  but  a  scarcity 
of  those  that  will  suit  his  purpose,  and  so  he  frequently  takes  the 
best  he  can  find  and  proceeds  to  form  his  collection  with  the  original 
lot  as  a  basis  of  supplies. 

This  was  at  least,  my  experience.  I  tried  druggists  sundries 
houses  and  dealers  in  these  supplies  but  I  could  never  get  the  size, 
shape  or  color  I  desired,  until  I  made  up  my  mind  to  make  them 
myself  and  in  this  way  satisfy  my  requirements,  to  my  own  satisfac- 
tion. As  several  people  have  frequently  commented  on  their  neat 
appearance,  and  as  the  process  is  comparatively  easy,  I  conceived 
the  idea  that  it  might  be  of  use  to  others,  in  our  chapter,  I  herewith 
give  the  modus  operand!. 

My  trays  are  all  one  half  inch  in  depth,  in  width  multiple  of  one 
half  inch,  viz.;  Is,  3,  6  inches,  which  I  have  found  the  largest  size 
required  ;  in  length,  they  run  as  follows  1, 1  i,  2, 2->,  3,  4  and  6  inches. 
They  are  made  from  what  are  called  8-ply  blanks, — a  fine  white 
smooth  card  board  which  I  purchased  cut  to  the  various  sizes  from 
the  Hasting  Card  Company,  Beekman  St.,  New  York,  at  very  nom- 
inal prices.  The  first  operation  is  the  gouging  of  the  corners  thus  : 
(In  this  report,  Mr.  Gardner  has  three  simple  cards  glued  on  his  Ms., 
they  are  all  21  by  2  inches,  and,  are  numbered  1,2  and  3.  One  half 
inch  from  the  edge  of  the  card  numbered  "  1,"  there  are  four  corners 
marked  in  ink,  making  four  right  angles,  these  indicate  the  four  lines 
to  be  scored  with  the  knife,  M.  B.  W.).  Then  with  a  sharp  knife  I 
score  the  lines  from  edge  to  edge  half  through,  (No.  2)  then  cut  out 
the  corners  and  turn  up  the  sides,  the  long  ones  first,  (No.  3).  The 
short  sides  are  scored  a  trifle  irregularly  that  they  may  lie  evenly  in 
the  finished  box  and  maintain  the  required  size.  (On  each  of  the 
short  sides  allowance  is  made  in  order  that  they  may  stand  up  within 
the  longer  sides  and  make  a  perfect  tray  the  same  size  top  and 
bottom.  The  difference  is  about  equal  to  the  thickness  of  the  card- 
board"). 

I  then  rule  a  sheet  of  white  paper  with  lines  '  iilch  apart  in  width, 
and  1  inch  in  length,  fasten  it  with  four  pins  to  a  board,  and  cover 


THE   NAUTILUS.  45 

its  ruled  surface  with  gum  arabic  laid  on  smoothly  with  a  brush. 
When  dry  it  is  cut  into  gummed  tags  *  inch  wide  and  1  inch  long 
with  which  the  sides  of  the  trays  are  fastened  together  on  the  out- 
side. Of  course  this  is  a  little  tedious  and  I  found  it  best  to  set  my- 
self the  task  of  making  one  dozen  a  day,  and  very  soon  accumulated 
several  gross  of  assorted  sizes,  and  it  is  an  easy  tiling  now  when  lam 
short  of  any  particular  size,  to  replenish  the  stock. 

The  cards  to  make  the  size  of  boxes  given  in  this  report  should  be 
cut  to  the  following  sizes  2|X2,  4X2i,  4X3,  4X3*,  4X4,  4X7,  and 
7X7.  They  will  give  an  appearance  of  uniformity  to  the  drawers 
and  save  a  great  deal  of  space.  I  usually  place  a  card  i  inch  in 
width  to  just  fit  the  inside  of  each  tray,  ruled  on  the  top  and  bottom 
red  lines,  this  is  for  the  name,  authority,  and  locality  of  specimens, 
and  other  data.  All  shells  whose  size  will  admit  of  it  I  enclose  in 
glass  vials,  square  at  the  bottom  and  with  no  neck,  they  are  about 
2i  inches  long  so  that  the  cork  takes  up  the  balance  of  the  space  in 
the  tray,  and  of  a  width  to  enable  them  to  hold  such  specimens  as 
Heli.c  tridenlata.  For  the  smallest  boxes  the  vials  are  1 1  inches  long 
and  about  1  inch  in  thickness.  Here,  in  New  York,  they  can  be 
bought  for  about  50  to  70  cents  a  gross. 

For  the  reception  of  the  smallest  species,  Vvrtigo  Pupa,  etc.,  and 
in  order  to  bring  the  characteristics  of  these  minute  shells  promi- 
nently before  the  observer,  I  adopted  the  following  plan  :  Equidistant 
from  the  sides  of  a  3x1  inch  slip  of  card  board  I  punched  a  hole  with 
a  die,  made  for  the  purpose;  and  then  gummed  this  slip  to  another 
of  equal  size  on  which  the  surface  beneath  the  whole  was  covered 
with  black  paper.  The  specimens  were  then  mounted  with  gum  in 
this  depression  and  the  whole  covered  with  one  of  the  ordinary  3x1 
inch  glass  slips  used  by  microscopists,  those  with  rough  edges  pre- 
ferred. The  whole  thing  was  then  bound  around  its  edges  with  slips 
of  gummed  paper  8  inches  long  by  about  }  wide  and  the  edges  trim- 
med with  scissors  when  dry.  This  plan  also  protected  the  shells  from 
dust  and  worked  capitally  when  examining  their  apertures  under  a 
low  microscopic  power,  a  very  necessary  proceeding  when  determin- 
ing or  explaining  to  others  the  difference  in  the  various  species. 

The  gum  I  found  best  adapted  for  mounting  the  shells  was  picked 
gum  arabic — a  saturated  solution  in  water  mixed  with  an  equal  quan- 
tity of  glycerine,  then  filtered  and  a  few  drops  of  acetic  acid  added, 
this  never  cracks,  nor  shows  any  objectionable  gloss.  Want  of  space 
has  compelled  my  relinquishing  this  plan,  for  the  smallest  size  trays 
and  vials,  which,  however,  I  have  never  found  as  convenient. 


46  THE    NAUTILUS. 

NOTE  ON  BULIMUS  HANLEYI  AND  B.  CORONATDS. 


BY    H.    A.    PILSBRY. 


The  two  Brazilian  species  mentioned  above  are  thin,  unicolored, 
glossy  shells,  with  the  spire  long,  suture  crenulated,  columella  simple 
and  foldless,  and  the  outer  lip  thin  and  acute.  B.  Haiileyi  Pf'r.  was 
(with  B.recluzinnus  Pf'r.)  placed  in  a  new  suhgeuus,  0.n/f/« //t/N' 
by  Albers  in  1850;  but  von  Martens  in  1860  referred  it  to  Or/ilnm*. 
B.  i-ni-iintitn*  Pfr.  was  placed  by  Albers  in  Leptomenis,  but  von 
Martens  transferred  the  species  to  Peronceus,  where  it  has  been  re- 
tained by  subsequent  authors. 

The  characters  of  the  apical  whorls  show  at  once  that  the  refer- 
ence of  the  species  to  Leptoments  (a  section  of  Eulimulus)  is  errone- 
ous ;  while  the  structure  of  the  columella  and  the  texture  of  the  shell 
equally  remove  the  species  from  Perontru*. 

The  texture  of  the  shell  is  that  of  such  South  American  Stenogy- 
roid  species  as  J5.  cakareus  Born  and  B.  cuneus  Pfr.,  etc.  which  have 
been  called  Obeliscus,  but  for  which  the  name  NEOBELiscus2  is  now 
proposed.  These,  however,  have  a  bulbous,  more  or  less  costulate 
apex,  without  apical  dimple. 

For  B.  Hanleyi  and  B.  cornnatus,  we  suggest  the  name  SYXAP- 
TKRPES,  the  former  species  being  the  tvpe.  The  conchological  feat- 
ures of  the  new  group  are :  an  oblong-turrited,  thin,  glossy,  more  or 
less  vitreous  shell  with  crenulated  sutures,  rather  obtuse  (but  not 
bulbous)  nuclear  whorl  with  comma-shaped  apical  dimple,  the  aper- 
ture long-ovate  with  thin,  sharp  outer  lip  and  simple  columella,  not 
truncate  below,  its  edge  narrowly  reflexed  above. 

I  do  not  know  that  any  species  except  the  two  mentioned  belong 
to  this  group.  Its  systematic  position,  if  we  judged  by  shell  char- 
acters, would  seem  to  be  in  the  Achatinidcs  near  Neobelisciis:  but  if 
Binney's  identification3  is  correct,  the  jaw  and  dentition  are  consider- 
ably like  those  of  some  forms  of  the  genus  Strophoeheilus,  and,  there- 
fore, as  far  as  their  testimony  goes,  indicate  a  position  for  the  group 
in  the  Helicidce. 

1  Not  Oxyfhilui'Fiti.,  1S33,  nor  Oxychcila  Dej.,  1825. 

2  OMistus  was  restricted  by  Gray  in  1847  (P.  Z.  S.,  p.  17ti)  to  /?.  ,'/-tus,itns 
GineL.a  Mu'la^i-rursprcies  for  which  the  name  Clavator  was  prop.»fcl  in  I860. 
Humphrey*  had  pruvicmsly  u-rd  Obtliscus  in  another  sense. 

'See  under  Orphans  Haiileyi  Pfr.,  in  Annals  of  the  N.  Y.  Acad..  Sri..  Ill, 
j>.  115,  pi.  xi.  tig.  I.)  I.  jaw  and  dentition). 


THE    NAUTILUS.  47 

NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


MESSRS.  S.  H.  STUPAKOFF  AND  GEO.  H.  CLAPP  gave  a  lecture 
on  shells  at  the  regular  monthly  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Science 
and  Art  of  Pittsburgh,  held  in  the  lecture  room  of  the  Carnegie 
Library,  Pittsburgh,  on  Friday  Evening,  June  5th.  It  was  illus- 
trated by  specimens  from  the  collections  in  the  Museum,  and  wall 
charts.  After  the  lecture  an  adjournment  was  taken  to  the  Museum. 
The  lecture  is  the  first  of  a  series  arranged  with  the  idea  of  populariz- 
ing the  Museum,  which  occupies  spacious  rooms  in  the  Carnegie 
Library. 

NOTE  ON  LIA,  ALBERS. — The  names  Lia  and  Lelu  being  pre- 
occupied, Schaufuss  proposed  the  term  INLIACULUS  for  this  Jamaican 
group  of  CylindrellidcB,  in  the  first  edition  of  Psetel's  Catalogue 
(MolluBCorum  Systema  et  Catalogus.  System  und  Aufzahlungsam- 
mtlicher  Conchylien  der  Sammlung  von  Fr.  Paetel,  1869,  p.  15). 
This  will  take  precedence  over  Vendryesia  Simpson  (Proc.  I).  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  xvii,  1894,  p.  430).  FAUXULUS  Schauf.  is  proposed  for  F'/it/a 
H.  Ad.,  a  South  African  group  of  Pupidce,  and  new  names  are  also 
brought  forward  for  Parthenia,  Cantharidus,  Orphnus,  Aciculn, 
Rupicola  and  some  other  groups.  Most  of  these  changes  are  un- 
necessary, but  they  seem  to  have  escaped  general  notice. 

NOTE  ON  MACTRA. — In  the  Saco  market,  a  few  days  ago,  a  spec- 
imen of  Mactra  tolidisiima  was  opened,  and  found  to  have  another 
of  the  same  species  in  the  gill  cavity  ;  the  sizes  in  inches  were  : 

1.  31X21X1!'*. 

2.  11X11 XI. 

The  size  of  the  smaller  leads  me  to  snspect  that  it  had  been  some 
time  in  the  larger,  not  as  a  parasite,  but  as  partner.— HENRY  W. 
WINKLEY,  Saco,  Me. 

MR.  CHARLES  W.  JOHNSON,  junior  editor  of  the  NAUTILUS,  sailed 
on  the  13th  of  July  for  Liverpool.  He  will  spend  the  summer  in 
studying  the  Museums  of  England,  France  and  Germany,  returning 
in  September. 

MR.  FREDERICK  STEARNS,  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  has  departed  upon 
an  extended  tour  in  South  America. 


NOTICES  OF  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


DIAGNOSES  OF  NEW  SPECIES  OF  MOLLUSKS  FROM:  THE  WEST  O  > 
OF  AMERICA,  by  W.  H.  Dall  (From  Proceedings  of  the  U.  S.  Na- 
tional Museum  xviii,  1895,  pp.  7-20). 


48  THE    NAUTILUS. 

Calliostoma  iridium,  West  Mexico. 

Calliostoma  turbiuum.  Santa  Barbara  Is.,  100  fnis. 

Auaplocamua  (new  genus)  borealis,  S.  of  Uiiimak  Isld.,  61  fms. 
"  This  very  remarkable  shell  recalls  a  fresh-water  genus  at  ouce 
and  would  easily  be  overlooked  amid  a  quantity  of  Anctilosa  dila- 
tata.  *  *  *  It  is  probably  referable  to  the  family  Triehotro- 
pidoe." 

Solariella  nuda,  off  Lower  California,  298-455  fms. 

Solariella  ceratophora,  off  La  Paz. 

Rimula  (?)  expansn,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Emarginula  flabellum.  Lower  California. 

Cloristes  carpenter!.  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Bentbodolium  pacificum,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Phos  cocoseusis,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Cominella  brunneocincta,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Fusus  (?)  rufocaudatus,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Tractolira  sparta,  Gulf  of  Panama  to  Acapulco. 

This  new  genus  seems  to  be  a  degenerate  form  of  Volutidcs. 

Scaphella  bentlialis,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Caucellaria  centrota,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Cancellaria  io,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Pleurotoma  aulaca,  off  Acapulco. 

Pleurotomella  castanea,  E.  from  Galapagos  Is. 

Fucula  iphigenia,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Limopsis  compressus,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Philobrya  atlantica,  Off  Argentina. 

Callocardia  stearnsii,  Off  Washington,  near  Tillamook. 

Callocardia  lepta  and  gigas,  Gulf  of  California. 

Callocardia  ovalis,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Callogonia  angulata,  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Periploma  stearnsii,  Gulf  of  California. 

Periploma  carpenter!,  Gulf  of  California. 

All  the  species  are  from  considerable  depths ;  and  many  of  them 

being  of  considerable  interest,  figures  will  be  very  acceptable.     The 

Philobrya  is  the  first  marine  form  in  which  a  glochidium  stage,  com- 
parable to  that  of  the  Unlonidce,  has  been  recognized.     We  have  in 

a  former  issue  referred  to  the  important  light  on  the  morphology  of 

the  gill  supplied  by  the  Callocardia  st'-nrnsii. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


VOL.  x.  SEPTEMBER,  1896.  No.  5 


NOTES  ON  SOME  WEST  AMERICAN  CHITONS 


];Y    H    A.    PILSBKY. 


I. 

Among  some  interesting  small  Chitons  from  San  Pedro,  Califor- 
nia, collected  by  Mr.  T.  S.  Oldroyd,  which  I  have  lately  examined 
(through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Dull),  the  following  call  for  especial 
notice,  as  they  otter  difference!!  from  the  types  figured  in  the  Manual 
of  Conchology. 

Mopalia  imporcata  Cpr. 

The  single  specimen  measures  9  by  18J  mm.,  and  is  somewhat 
more  elevated  than  the  type  of  the  species;  color  pale  olivaceous, 
white  towards  the  girdle,  speckled  on  the  ribs  of  lateral  areas  with 
brown,  and  with  a  brown  patch  on  each  pleural  tract.  The  teeth 
are  very  distinctly  thickened  along  the  outer  edges  of  the  slits,  as  in 
the  typical  Callistochitons.  Sculpture  typical. 

The  color  is  different  from  that  of  the  type,  and  the  specimen  is 
larger. 

Ischnoohiton  scabricostatus  Cpr. 

Lateral  areas  with  four  (on  one  side  of  valve  ii,  five  ;  on  one  side 
of  valves  iv  and  v,  three)  radial  riblets,  which  are  very  weakly 
hardly  perceptibly,  granose.  Sutures  very  feebly  crenate.  Anterior 
and  posterior  valves  with  9  slits  each.  Color  reddish  (but  not  at 

all  of  an  orange  cast),  with   a  few  inconspicuous  white  spots  on 

some  of  the  lateral  areas. 


50  THE    NAUTILUS. 

The  typical  specimen  of  /.  scabricostatus  was  orange  with  some 
dark  sutural  dots,  and  the  lateral  areas  are  three  ribbed,  some  low 
pustules  on  the  ribs.  It  was  described  from  Cataliua  Island. 

Both  this  species  and  the  last  are  excessively  rare  in  collections. 

II. 

A  series  of  Chitons  received  from  Miss  Ida  M.  Shepard,  of  Long 
Beach,  Cal.,  contained  specimens  of  a  Callistochiton,  which,  while 
allied  to  C.  decoratus  Cpr.  of  Lower  California,  yet  differs  in  im- 
portant respects. 
Callistochiton  decoratus  var.  punctocostatus  n.  v. 

Similar  to  C.  decoratus  in  sculpture  of  end  valves  and  lateral 
areas ;  but  the  central  areas  have  no  wide,  smooth  triangle  at  the 
ridge,  such  as  types  of  decoratus  have  (Man.  of  Conch.,  xiv,  pi.  58, 
fig.  18);  being  somewhat  irregularly  pitted  toward  the  beaks,  and 
with  rows  of  pits  on  each  side  of  a  small  oblong  smooth  tract  at  the 
ridge ;  most  valves  pitted  also  on  the  ridge  anteriorly. 

III. 

Finally,  with  numerous  other  interesting  species  collected  by  Dr. 
Benj.  Sharp  in  Alaskan  waters  during  the  summer  of  1895,  there 
were  two  specimens  of  a  new  and  unusually  distinct  form,  which  we 
dedicate  to  that  accomplished  zoologist. 

Traohydermon  Sharpii  n.  sp. 

Shell  oblong,  elevated,  carinated,  the  side  slopes  somewhat  convex. 
Surface  to  the  naked  eye  smooth  ;  lustreless;  slightly  soiled  white, 
with  some  faint  and  ill-defined  brownish  spots  on  the  lateral  areas, 
the  girdle  gray. 

Anterior  valve  smooth,  with  some  indistinct  concentric  grooves; 
the  anterior  slope  shorter  than  the  posterior  edges;  hind  margin 
emarginate.  Intermediate  valves  wide  and  short,  with  slightly 
arcuate  margins  at  junction  with  girdle,  hind  margins  emarginatu 
Central  areas  very  minutely  roughened  by  diverging  wrinkles; 
lateral  areas  slightly  raised,  with  a  few  arcuate  faint  grooves  in  the 
direction  of  growth-lines.  Posterior  valve  highest  at  its  anterior 
margin,  the  suboentral  mucro  but  slightly  projecting,  the  slope  be- 
hind it  about  straight. 

Interior  white;  valve  callus  strong;  s-inus  concave  and  shallow, 
not  defined  at  the  edges  ;  sutural  lamiiw  but  little  projecting,  broadly 
rounded,  invading  the  sinus.  Insertion  plates  hardly  longer  than 


THE    NAUTILUS.  51 

the  narrowly  channelled  and  solid  eaves,  sharp  and  smooth.  Slits 
in  valve  i,  16;  valves  ii  to  vii,  1-1  or  2-1  or  2-2,  the  larger  num- 
ber prevailing  on  the  more  anterior  valves;  in  valve  viii,  1:!.  Pos- 
terior tooth  in  the  median  valves  square  and  well  developed. 

Girdle  rather  unevenly  covered,  with  convex,  pebbly,  coarse 
scales,  those  toward  the  outer  margin  elongated,  and  there  is  a 
copious  marginal  fringe  of  stout  hyaline  gpinnles. 

Gill-row  three-fourths  the  length  of  foot,  with  21  plumes  on  each 
side. 

Length  about  14,  breadth  8  mm. 

Unalashka  (Dr.  Benj.  .Sharp!). 

The  number  of  slits  is  unusually  great,  and  they  are  doubled  in 
some  valves;  the  girdle  scales  are  coarse,  the  marginal  fringe  con- 
spicuous. These  characters,  together  with  the  general  smoothness 
of  the  valves  externally,  and  the  undefined,  concave  sinus,  will 
readily  distinguish  the  species.  In  view  of  its  numerous  slits, 
solid  leaves  and  coarse  girdle-scales,  it  is  aberrant  for  a  Truchyder- 
mon;  but  the  girdle  is  not  that  of  True hyradsia  nor  Ischnochiton, 
and  the  //ill-row  i*  short,  extending  forward  only  three-fourths  the 
length  of  the  foot,  as  in  the  true  Trachydermons.  It  has  not  the 
spongy  eaves  and  sinus  of  Spongioradsia. 

The  slitting  of  the  intermediate  valves  is  variable,  but  mainly 
Radsioid  In  valve  ii  there  are  2-2  slits  ;  valves  iii,  iv,  v,  2-1  ; 
valves  vi,  vii,  1-1  slits,  in  the  type  specimen. 


ON  THE  AMERICAN  SPECIES  OF  CYRENOIDEA. 


BY    W.    II.    HALL. 


The  genus  Cyrenoidea  was  published  in  June,  1835,  by  de  Joannis, 
in  the  Magazin  de  Zoologie  ;  by  a  typographical  error,  apparently, 
the  Latin  form,  which  was  used  only  once  in  the  article,  was  printed 
'  'i/i'i'iioida.  A  little  later  in  the  same  year,  Deshayes  reclaimed  the 
genus  for  his  manuscript  name  of  CyreneUa,  which  had  been  read  to 
the  Societe  Philomathique  in  December,  1834.  The  first  published 
name,  corrected  as  above,  has  been  adopted,  in  spite  of  the  objection 
to  its  formation  as  a  Latin  name  with  a  Greek  suffix. 

The  original  type,  C.  Duponti  Joannis,  is  from  the  Senegal  River, 
West  Africa,  and  it  seems  that  his  specimen  was  defective,  since  in 


52  THE    NAUTILUS. 

Senegambian  specimens  I  find  the  hinge  quite  different  from  Joannis' 
figure,  and  essentially  similar  to  that  of  American  species. 

The  first  of  the  latter  was  described  by  Morelet  in  1851,  from 
Porto  Rico,  under  the  name  of  C.  americana.  It  differs  from  the 
African  species  by  its  smaller  and  more  delicate  shell,  its  more 
quadrate  form  and  proportionately  shorter  ligament.  Some  species 
reported  from  the  Philippines  by  Sowerby  I  have  shown  to  have  a 
different  hinge  and  separated  under  the  name  of  JoannisieUa. 

The  first  continental  American  species  was  obtained  by  Hemphill 
in  the  marshes  of  southwest  Florida  (Marco,  Boca  C'eiga  Key,  and 
the  Everglades)  where  it  affects  brackish,  or  even  tolerably  salt 
water,  indifferently.  This  I  named  in  manuscript  C.floridutia  (cf. 
Bull.  37,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1889,  No.  217,  p.  50).  'Lastly  a  fine 
Pliocene  species  was  obtained  by  Mr.  Willcox  and  myself  from  the 
marls  of  the  Caloosahatchie  River  in  south  Florida. 

Diagnoses  of  the  two  latter  follow. 
Cyrenoidea  floridana  (Dall,  MS..  18SH)  n.  s. 

Shell  rounded,  small,  thin,  very  delicate,  whitish  or  translucent 
with  a  pale,  silky,  yellowish,  dehiscent  epidermis  ;  surface  smooth, 
or  sculptured  only  by  incremental  lines;  interior  margin  smooth, 
polished  ;  the  visceral  area  with  a  dull,  more  or  less  punctate  sur- 
face ;  pallial  line  indistinct,  often  broken,  not  sinuous;  ligament 
short,  brownish,  external  ;  hinge  as  in  C.  diiponti  but  more  delicate. 
Largest  specimen,  Ion.  13'5,  alt.  12'5,  diameter  S'O. 

The  range  of  the  species,  as  far  as  known,  is  from  Brunswick 
Georgia,  south  to  the  Everglades  on  the  east,  and,  on  the  west,  north 
to  Charlotte  Harbor  and  vicinity. 

The  animal  is  distinctly  Lucinoid,  the  foot  is  long,  slender,  filiform 
and  with  an  ovate,  swollen  distal  termination. 
Cyrenoidea  oaloosaensis  n.  s. 

Shell  large,  thin,  resembling  C.  (itn-liJinia,  but  coarser,  with  ruder 
concentric  sculpture,  sometimes  approaching  undulations;  more  in- 
equilateral, the  anterior  part  relatively  smaller  and  shorter,  the 
anterior  left  bifid  cardinal  tooth  proportionately  much  shorter  than 
in  cither  of  the  other  species  of  the  genus.  Lou.  of  shell  30'9,  alt. 
27'0,  diameter  17'5  mm. 

The  shell  is  known,  so  far,  only  from  the  Pliocene  marls  of  south 
Florida. 

All  the  species  are  very  similar  to  one  another,  and  differ  only  in 
minor  details  of  form  and  hinge.  They  would,  as  a  rule,  be  taken 
for  Diplodoutas  except  for  the  differences  of  the  hinge. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  53 

EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE. 


LONDON,  August  11,  1896. 

The  providential  occurrence  of  a  rainy  day  gives  me  the  oppor- 
tunity to  make  good  my  promise  to  write  something  about  the  mu- 
seums and  collections  of  England  before  my  departure  next  Saturday 
for  Paris. 

The  main  collection  of  shells  in  the  British  Museum  (Natural 
History)  occupy  a  room  (or  gallery,  as  it  is  called)  about  140  feet 
in  length  and  40  feet  wide.  The  shells  are  arrayed  in  52  beautiful 
mahogany  cases,  about  8  feet  long  and  4J  feet  in  breadth.  They 
extend  longitudinally  in  pairs,  making  four  rows.  The  cases  are  of 
the  horizontal  type,  with  inclosed  drawers  below.  The  specimens 
are  mounted  on  wooden  tablets,  which  are  covered  with  blue-gray 
paper,  the  smaller  and  fragile  species  being  in  glass-covered  boxes 
which  are  also  placed  on  tablets.  On  each  side  of  the  room  are 
four  smaller  cases,  which  contain  special  collections,  viz.,  some  of 
the  economic  uses  of  shells,  the  pearl-bearing  mollusks,  eggs  and 
egg-capsules  of  various  species,  Brachiopoda,  some  groups  of  the 
Cephalopoda,  etc.  At  the  entrance  of  the  gallery  there  are  two 
table  cases,  the  one  on  the  left  containing  pathologic  monstrosities 
produced  by  disease  and  the  reparation  of  injuries,  the  other  sections 
of  shells  showing  the  internal  structure  and  mode  of  growth,  also 
specimens  of  rock  and  coral  illustrating  the  boring  power  of  mol- 
lusks and  several  kinds  of  wood  perforated  by  various  species  of 
boring  mollusks.  Near  the  latter,  against  the  wall,  are  four  upright 
cases,  two  on  each  side ;  these  contain  the  specimens  too  large  for 
the  cases  containing  the  general  collection.  In  one  of  these,  pro- 
tected by  a  glass  cover,  you  see  the  great  Pleurotomaria  adansoniana, 
from  Tobago.  This  shell  a  friend  of  mine  saw  in  an  office  in  Tobago, 
being  used  as  a  paper-weight !  but,  when  we  wrote  for  it,  "  the  bird 
had  flown."  They  are  evidently  not  made  for  paper-weights.  Two 
large  valves  of  Tridacna  gigas,  36  inches  in  length  and  weighing 
310  pounds,  also  greet  you  on  entering  this  magnificent  room,  and, 
if  it  was  near  dinner-time,  they  would  probably  increase  your  appe- 
tite (since  they  have  become  the  trade-mark  of  one  of  our  leading 
restaurants)  ;  but  you  would  soon  forget  the  "  inner  man  "  when  you 
got  among  some  of  the  conchological  gems.  I  have  spent  many 
hours  going  over  the  great  collection,  and  hunting  up  some  of  those 
old  rarities  we  have  read  about  since  boyhood :  Cypraea  princeps 


')r  THE    NAUTILUS. 

(=C.  valentia  Perr)1),  C.  leucodon  Brod.,  C.  broderipi  Grav,  C. 
marginata,  Conus  gloria-maris  and  many  of  the  beautiful  Volutes; 
and  looking  at  those  strange  forms  obtained  by  the  "Challenger" 
expedition  :  Giui-tllfn  <ilnlm»ti-iin<  (Southern  Ocean,  1600  fathoms), 
Provoeator  puleher  (105  fathoms  off  Kerguelen),  Volutolithes  abyssi- 
eola  (150  fathoms  off  S.  Africa,  a  genus  so  common  in  the  Eocene), 
Colum  bari inn  pagodoidix  (410  fathoms  off  Sydney,  Australia),  Lyria 
/ntfii  (275  fathoms  off  western  New  Zealand),  Oocorys  sulcata,  and 
others.  A  shell  that  interested  me  very  much  was  Fulr/nr  coarcfntinn 
Sowb.,  two  specimens  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  undoubtedly 
a  dextral  Fulgur  perversum.  It  reminds  one  of  F.  rajmm  from  the 
pliocene  of  Florida,  except  that  it  has  a  prominent  row  of  small, 
spine-like  tubercles  at  the  periphery.  Like  the  few  specimens  of  T. 
fii-H-a  that  are  sinistral,  we  may  only  see  such  forms  once  in  a  life- 
time. To  describe  the  beauty  and  extent  of  the  collection  of  land 
shells  space  would  not  permit,  even  if  I  could.  The  groups  from 
the  Philippines  seem  to  be  perfect,  while  the  collection  of  Amphi- 
dromus  recently  monographed  by  Mr.  Hugh  Fulton,  aud  which  now 
contains  his  types,  is  a  grand  sight ;  one  can  hardly  imagine  the  ex- 
quisite coloring  of  some  of  the  species.  Equally  fine  are  the  groups 
representing  the  African,  South  American  and  West  Indian  faunas. 
The  Nudibranchiata  are  shown  by  an  elegant  series  of  glass  models, 
while  throughout  the  entire  collection  are  wax,  glass  or  alcoholic 
representatives  of  the  soft  parts  of  many  of  the  principal  genera. 

But  this  is  not  the  only  collection  of  shells.  "  The  alcoves  round 
the  central  hall,  five  on  eacli  side,  are  devoted  to  the  Introductory 
or  Elementary  Morphological  Collection,  designed  to  teach  the  most 
important  points  in  the  structure  of  the  principal  types  of  animal 
and  plant  life,  and  the  terms  used  in  describing  them,  all  of  which 
should  be  known  before  the  systematic  portion  of  the  collection  can 
be  studied  to  advantage.  This  has  been  called  the  '  Index  Museum.'  " 
The  Mollusca  are  in  alcove  No.  VII ;  here  is  arranged  an  elegant 
series  of  anatomical  preparations,  a  large  series  illustrating  the  forms 
of  shells,  and  other  series  showing  ornamentation,  specific  variation, 
muscular  impressions,  the  hinge-teeth,  opercula,  etc. 

The  north  end  of  the  central  hall  is  known  as  the  Gallery  of 
Hi  iiish  Zoology.  Here  is  a  large  collection  of  the  Mollusca  of  the 
IJritish  Isles,  occupying  five  of  the  horizontal  and  one  upright  case, 
the  latter  containing  the  large  specimens. 

I  cannot  dosr  this  brief  description  of  the  collection  of  Mollusca 
in  this  great  Museum  without  giving  you  some  idea  of  the  vast  col- 


THE    NAUTILUS.  55 

lectiou  of  fossil  mollusks.  The  Cephalopoda  occupy  a  room  one-half 
the  size  of  the  shell  gallery  and  containing  16  horizontal  cases  ar- 
ranged transversely,  while  around  the  entire  room  are  large  wall 
•cases.  The  Gastropoda  and  Pclrr i/pmhi  occupy  one-half  of  a  room 
the  same  size  as  the  shell  gallery,  including  large  wall  cases  along 
the  side  (the  other  half  of  the  gallery  being  given  to  the  fossil 
Arthropod  a,  Echinodermatn,  etc.).  Then  there  is  another  gallery 
the  size  of  this  devoted  to  the  Ceplm/'ipwl,!,  that  contains  special 
collections  of  historical  interest,  or  collections  including  a  large 
number  of  types  described  and  figured  in  standard  monographs. 
The  principal  ones  are  the  collection  formed  by  William  Smith,  the 
pioneer  of  geology  in  England,  the  Searles  Wood  collection  of  Crag 
Mollusca,  the  Edwards  collection  of  Eocene  Mollusca,  the  Davidson 
collection  of  Brachiopoda,  the  types  of  Sowerby's  "  Mineral  Couch- 
ology,"  and  specimens  belonging  to  the  collection  of  Sir  Hans 
Sloane,  which  was  the  nucleus  of  this  great  Museum. 

There  is  also  a  very  large  collection  of  fossil  Mollusca  at  the 
Museum  of  Practical  Geology,  which  contains  the  material  obtained 
by  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  here  I  wish 
to  express  my  sincere  thanks  to  Messrs  E.  A.  Smith,  B.  B.  Wood- 
ward and  the  officials  of  the  British  Museum  generally,  as  well  as  to 
Messrs  G.  F.  Harris,  E.  R.  Sykes  and  others,  who  did  so  much  to 
make  my  visit  to  London  both  pleasant  and  instructive. 

I  spent  a  few  very  pleasant  hours  in  Cambridge  with  Rev.  Prof. 
H.  M.  Gwatkin,  who  took  great  pleasure  in  showing  some  of  his 
rare  forms  of  radulw.  I  cannot  describe  this  collection,  and  one  can 
only  wonder  at  the  time  and  careful  work  involved  in  making  so 
many  beautiful  slides.  It  is  undoubtedly  the  largest  and  finest  col- 
lection of  raduhe  in  the  world.  While  at  Cambridge,  I  also  had  the 
good  fortune  to  meet  Mr.  A.  H.  Cook,  of  Kings  College,  who  kindly 
showed  me  the  "MacAndrews  Collection."  This  is  a  collection  that 
one  could  spend  hours  over,  instead  of  the  few  minutes  hastily  spent 
in  glancing  at  some  of  the  important  groups.  The  large  suites 
showing  the  shell  in  all  stages  of  development  is  a  very  noticeable 
feature,  and  shows  what  a  good  selection  was  made  of  the  large 
amount  of  material  evidently  obtained  by  MacAndrew  in  his  exten- 
sive dredgiugs.  Anotlier  collection  which  the  museum  at  Cambridge 
has  recently  obtained  is  the  "Saul  Collection,"  made  by  Miss  Saul, 
of  London.  The  collection  is  noted  for  its  beautiful  Cyprreas. 
Here  we  see  all  of  those  mentioned  as  being  in  the  British  Museum, 


56  THE    NAUTILUS. 

except  Oyprcea  leueodom ;  while  it  contains  such  rarities  as  Cyprcea 
barclm/i,  C.  zanlce,  two  specimens  of  C.  ynttatn,  large  suites  of  C. 
ficottli,  C.  thersites,  C.  umbl./icata  and  very  large  and  handsome  series 
of  the  more  coramon  species.  Both  collections  are  still  in  cabinets 
of  drawers  and  not  publicly  exhibited. 

The  collection  of  shells  on  exhibition  in  the  Liverpool,  or  Derby 
Museum,  as  it  is  called,  although  not  large,  is  exceptionally  fine,  and 
represents  a  great  deal  of  care  in  its  selection.  A  few  species  or 
genera  of  fossil  forms  closely  allied  to  living  inollusks  are  incorpora- 
ted with  the  latter.  Very  interesting  features  of  the  museum  are  its 
aquaria,  where  both  fresh  water  and  marine  inollusks  may  be  seen 
alive.  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Joseph  A.  Clubb,  Assistant 
Curator,  I  spent  several  very  pleasant  hours  in  going  over  these  col- 
lections. 

CHAS.  W.  JOHNSON. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 


[Conducted  in  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Couchological  Chapter  of  the  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 


The  summer  vacation  is  finding  a  number  of  our  members  engaged 
in  collecting  and  taking  notes.  We  anticipate  some  (ine  reports 
next  December. 

The  residence  of  Mrs.  Laura  N.  Trowhridge  has  been  changed 
from  Wliittier,  California,  to  National  City,  San  Diego  County,  Cal. 

MARINE  SHELLS  ON  THE  SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA  COAST. 


[Extract  from  the  report  of  Mrs.  E.  D.  G.  Campbell.     From  the  Transactions  of  the 
Isaac  Cea  Conchological  Chapter  for  1895.] 


My  collecting  has  been  done  in  San  Pedro  Bay  and  vicinity. 
Mr.  Campbell  hunting  where  I  had  not  strength  to  go. 

During  January  and  February  at  Dead  Man's  Island  have  found 
a  few  fine  specimens  of  Astralium  (Poin<nil<t.c)  iii><l<>*ii*  Wood  and 
I'trroixitnx  ffxtlrii*  lids. 

Upon  the  breakwater  connecting  Dead  Man's  Island  with  Termi- 
nal Island,  .[ennui  wilim  Xutt.,  A.  */»-rtriitii  Xutt.,  Littorinaplanaxis 
Xutt.  and  /,.  .iniliiliitii  Gld.  were  very  plentiful.  At  extreme  low 
tide  in  the  drift,  on  the  sandy  beach  along  the  northern  part  of  the 


THE    NAUTILUS.  57 

breakwater,  I  found  numerous  bright,  perfect  (dead)  specimens  of 
Callioatoma  gemmulutum  Cpr.,  Modiola  recta  Conr.,  Scala  hindsii 
Cpr.,  Siliqua  patula  Dixon  (small  specimens),  Solen  rosaceus  Cpr. 
and  Fissurella  volcano  Rve.,  while  the  occasional  finding  of  a  pretty 
Calliostoma  gloriosum  Ball,  Erato  vitellina  Hds.,  Mitromorpha  filotsa 
Cpr.  or  Actceon  (Rictaxis*)  punctoccclatw  has  marked  the  day. 

During  the  low  tides  of  the  last  month  (November),  alive  upon 
the  rocks  at  White's  Point  we  found  a  few  fine  specimens  of  Mitra 
iniiiirii  Swains.,  and  Gndinia  reticulata  Sby.  The  under  side  of 
some  of  the  large  stones  there  were  covered  with  AstijrU  gaitsapata 
Gld.  var.  earinata,  which  little  animals  would  move  off  at  such  rapid 
pace  that  it  required  lively  movements  to  capture  them.  With  the 
Astyris  were  a  few  Scala  Hindsii. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Laguua  near  Three  Arches,  among  Mytilus  cali- 
fo  minus  Conr.,  Purpiirn  limn  Mart.  var.  emarginata  Desh.  were 
very  plentiful,  some  of  them  larger  than  I  had  seen  before.  There 
was  also  one  nice  living  Cyprcea  spadicea  Gray.  Upon  the  bench 
sand  were  several  bright,  large  specimens  of  Trivia  solandri  Gray. 
These  were  dead,  as  were  all  but  one  of  Murindea  inrixa  Bmd.. 
which  were  quite  plentiful.  Macron.  Uvidu*  A.  Ad.  was  there,  too, 
living  upon  the  under  side  of  large  stones. 

At  Cataliua  on  the  Main,  upon  the  beach,  were  several  specimens 
of  Chryxodomus  (Kelleltia)  Kelletti  Fbs.,  which  had  been  brought  in 
by  fishermen.  But  the  "  find  "  which  I  appreciated  most  was  that 
of  a  "  baker's  dozen  "  of  living  Semele  rupimn  Sby.,  upon  the  rocks 
above  extreme  low  tide,  at  a  place  about  one  mile  and  a  half  we>t  of 
Laguna. 


NOTES  ON  THE  PARVUS  GROUP  OF  UNIONIDJE  AND  ITS  ALLIES. 


BY  CHAS.  T.  SIMPSON. 

Mr.  R.  Ellsworth  Call,  so  well  known  as  an  able  student  of  the 
American  Unionidce,  has  recently  published  a  revision  and  synon- 
omy  of  the  Parvu*  group  of  Unionidx,1  and  I  wish  to  call  attention 
to  certain  points  in  the  paper. 

The  Pnrt'iis  group  is,  in  general,  well  characterized,  consisting  of 
small  Unios,  with  brownish  to  blackish  epidermis,  rayless  or  f'eebly- 

'Proc.  Indiana  Acad.  Science  for  1895,  pp.  109-119,  plates  I-VI. 


58  THE    NAUTILUS. 

rayed  po.-tei -iorly,  usually  somewhat  pointed  behind,  the  females  dis- 
tiugui>hed  from  the  males  by  a  well-developed  basal  swelling,  and 
the  beak  sculpture  consisting  of  parallel,  curved  ridges,  which  are 
drawn  in  towards  the  hinge-line  posteriorly,  and  are  more  open 
anteriorly.  The  cardinals  are  usually  compressed,  often  torn  and 
reflected  upwards,  and  the  nacre  is  generally  brilliant  bluish-silvery, 
becoming  richly  iridescent  behind,  but  it  is  sometimes  purple.  The 
peculiar  beak  sculpture,  much  like  that  of  the  Tetralasmus  group, 
is  one  of  the  best  characters  when  not  eroded  away. 

Mr.  Call  is  right  in  his  criticism  on  my  paper  on  the  UnioniclcBof 
Florida,  in  which  I  placed  Unio  trogxii'iix  Lea  and  U.  /</</'<///.• 
Gould  in  the  Parvus  group.  At  the  time  of  writing  that  paper  I 
hud  carefully  examined  all  of  Lea's  material,  all  the  general  collec- 
tion of  the  National  Museum,  much  of  B.  H.  Wright's,  Mrs.  George 
Andrews',  AY  in.  A.  Marsh's,  Rev.  A.  Dean's  and  my  own  collection 
of  Florida  and  Georgia  Unios  of  this  general  type,  but  bad  not 
found  a  specimen  old  or  young  that  showed  the  beak  sculpture. 
Recently,  in  examining  some  specimens  of  U.  amii//ilalniit  in  Mr.  A. 
G.  Wetherby's  collection,  from  Clear  Lake,  Florida,  I  noticed  that 
the  lieak  sculpture  was  perfect,  and  consisted  of  a  double  loop,  hence 
they  cannot  be  placed  in  the  Parrii*  group.  I  may  remark,  in 
passing,  that  having  seen  Gould's  type  of  U.  lepidus,  I  should  un- 
hesitatingly pronounce  it  the  same  as  Lea's  amygda/mn. 

Unfortunately,  Mr.  Barnes'  description  of  Unio  pur  run'  is  very 
brief  and  imperfect,  and  the  only  figure  he  gave  of  it  is  an  outline. 
Much  eonfu.-ion  exists  concerning  this  species,  and  it  is  often  con- 
founded with  Unin  texasensis;  in  fact,  Mr.  Lea  himself  has  placed  a 
lot  of  specimens  of  the  latter  species  from  northern  localities  among 
tin'  parvus  iu  his  own  collection.  Unin  texasensis  certainly  extends 
into  southern  Indiana  and  Illinois,  and  well  north  into  Missouri  and 
Kansas.  In  general,  U.  JHUTIIX  is  smaller  than  U.  texasensis,  is  more 
inflated  and  cylindrical,  rather  more  elongated,  and  has  a  much 
more  evenly  rounded  posterior  region.  The  latter  is  almost  al\\a\> 
ili-tinctly  pointed  behind. 

I  cannot  asirec  with  all  of  Mr.  Call's  synonomy.  I  have  all  of 
Lea's  tvpe>  of  this  and  related  groups  before  me.  I'.  ni<ir</iinis  Lea, 
and  I'.  r,-iun«'i  t/i  Lea.  are  probably  the  same,  and  arc,  no  doubt, 
nn-mhers  of  the  I'HITUX  group,  but  are  widely  different  from  U.  par- 
i'u>s,  in  which  he  places  the  former,  as  they  are  shorter,  less  inflated, 

=  Am.  .11.  Science  ami  Arts.  VI.  1823,  }*.  17-1.  pi.  XIII,  lig.  1*. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  59 

and  have  a  copper-tinted  nacre.  U.  paiili/s  Lea  and  N.  corvimis 
Lea  are  very  likely  the  same  specie?,  but  I  should  not  place  them  in 
the  synonomy  of  U.  parvus  as  Mr.  Call  does. 

U.  visicularis  Lea,  of  which  I  have  before  me  the  two  original 
specimens  on  which  the  species  was  founded,  is  certainly  not  U. 
parvus.  Both  these  specimens  are  dead  shells,  very  badly  eroded 
and  in  poor  condition,  but  they  are  nearer  to  U.  amygdalum  than 
any  of  the  Parvus  group,  and  probably  are  merely  a  somewhat 
heavy,  light-brown  variety  of  tbat  species.  Uxio  viitgleycmua  is  a 
smooth,  shining,  yellowish  or  waxy-brown  shell,  sometimes  tinted 
and  rayed  with  green,  and  very  different  from  U. parvus.  And  U. 
minor  seems  to  me  to  be  more  nearly  related  to  U.  wsiciilarig  than 
to  U.  parrns,  under  which  Mr.  C'all  places  it. 

r/uo  haleianus  Lea  is  not  noticed  in  this  revision  of  the  Far- 
ms group,  although  it  should  undoubtedly  be  placed  with  that 
assemblage.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  species,  one  of  Lea's  specimens 
before  me  being  2}  inches  long  by  1  \  high,  and  is  nearest  to  U.  te.cu.i- 

.ii.t,  but  is  a  less  heavy  species. 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


MEXICAN  LAND  SHELLS. — Professor  T.  D.  A.  Cockerel!  has  sent 
to  me  a  few  land  shells  collected  at  San  Rafael,  Jicaltepec,  Vera 
Cruz,  by  Professor  C.  H.  T.  Towusend.  The  species  are: 

Helitina  ftavida  Mke.  Wonderfully  variable  in  color.  Some  are 
uniform  yellow  with  red  apex  ;  others  uniform  reddish  ;  others 
whitish  with  the  spire  red,  or  whitish  below,  red  above,  while  some 
specimens  are  girt  with  a  reddish  band  above  the  periphery,  on  a 
whitish  ground.  The  size  also  varies  considerably. 

Glandinaf     A  species  of  the  decu&satug  group,  not  adult. 

Volutaxls  giinilaris  Strebel.  Somewhat  larger  than  the  type,  alt. 
7  mm. 

Praticolella  griseottt  Pfr. 

Praticolella  ampla  Pfr.  This  Helix  looks  a  good  deal  like  simi- 
lar is  Fer. 

Bulimulus  sulphureus  Pfr.  Besides  the  ordinary  uuicolored  form, 
there  is  one  example  with  five  reddish  bands,  the  umbilical  and  basal 
continuous,  those  above  interrupted  into  squarish  spots  at  irregular 
intervals.  This  color  form  has  not  before  been  noticed. — H.  A.  P. 


60  THE    NAUTILUS. 

MARYLAND  SHELLS. — In  the  NAUTILUS,  Vol.  X,  p.  23,  you  men- 
tion some  shells  not  before  recorded  from  Maryland,  Inter  aim,  H. 
intertexta  Binn.  I  find,  however,  this  is  recorded  from  that  State  by 
Binney  in  his  Terr.  Moll.  U.  S.,  II,  p.  207.—  G.  K.  Gude. 

MESSRS  SIMPSON  AND  WALKER  have  been  making  a  vacation 
journey  in  North  Carolina  and  Georgia.  They  report  the  rivers  too 
high  for  successful  clamming. 

MR.  E.  G.  VANATTA  is  spending  the  summer  at  Chestertown,  Md. 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


MR.  G.  K.  GUDE  describes  a  new  Corasia  from  Luzon,  C, 
in  Science  Gossip  for  August.  It  is  a  pale-blue  shell,  another  of  the 
beautiful  H.  rer/ince  group.  The  following  Philippine  and  Marianne 
Island  Helices  are  figured  :  Ganesella  catocyrta,  G.  <ijn:r  with  var. 
Endodonta  quadrasi,  C/iin-/>/>n  fiixca  and  Troekomorpha 
Mlldff.  it  Quadras;  also  Pyramiduta  omaliama  "  Bgt." 
Fagot,  from  near  Barcelona,  Spain.  These  species  have  not  hitherto 
I  ice ii  figured. 

I.  A  REVISION  AND  SYNONYMY  or  THE  FARVUS  GROUP  OF 
UNIONIDJE.  II.  SECOND  CONTRIBUTION  TO  A  KNOWLEDGE  OF 
INDIANA  MOLLUSCA.  III.  INDIANA  UNIV.  BIOL.  STA.  REPORT  ON 
MOLLUSCA  (From  Proc.  Indiana  Acad.  Science  for  1895).  By  R. 
Ellsworth  Call.  In  the  I'nio  /mrcttg  group,  Professor  Call  recog- 
nizes four  species:  U.  purvus,  U.  texasensis,  U.glaii*,  U.  amygdalum. 
Alleged  synonyms  of  U.  parvus  are:  U.  paulus,  minor,  margin  is, 
foi-riiniK,  I't'sk-ii/in-ix  of  Lea  and  U.  sing  ley  anus  Marsh.  From  this 
extraordinary  synonymy  it  will  be  seen  that  our  author  belongs  to 
the  extreme  "lumper"  class.  Some  other  points  in  the  paper  are 
equally  ill-taken,  but  it  is  not  worth  while  to  criticise  in  detail  where 
nearly  everything  is  wrong.  Six  plates  of  characteristic,  though 
rather  crude  figures,  illustrate  the  forms. 

The  second  and  third  papers  continue  Prof.  Call's  very  praise- 
worthy efforts  to  record  the  distribution  and  variations  of  Indiana 
Mollusk-,  ami  do  not  admit  of  abstract  here  ;  but  those  interested  in 
i  lie  ilc'iailcd  mapping  of  the  areas  of  our  species  will  be  grateful  for 
Call's  good  work  in  this  field,  as  well  as  for  the  similar  service  he 
ilid  in  cataloguing  Kansas  shells. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


VOL.  X.  OCTOBER,  1896.  No.  6 


SOME  NOTES  ON  THE  COLLECTION  OF  SHELLS  IN  THE  MUSEUMS  OF 
PARIS,  BERLIN  AND  AMSTERDAM. 


BY  C.  \V.  JOHNSON. 


The  collection  of  shells  in  the  Museum  of  Zoology,  Jardin  des 
Plantes,  Paris,  is  one  often  referred  to  as  being  the  only  collection 
in  which  you  can  see  the  recent  and  fossil  species  side  by  side.  One, 
therefore,  naturally  imagines  what  such  a  collection  should  be,  and, 
as  usual  under  such  circumstances,  one  is  somewhat  disappointed. 
The  collection  is  distributed  as  follows:  Around  the  entire  outer 
portion  or  railing  of  the  first  gallery,  in  a  case  about  two  feet  in 
width,  are  arranged  the  Pelecypoda,  while  on  the  second  gallery 
around  the  entire  wall,  in  a  wide,  slanting  case  or  shelf  (with  corals 
above  and  a  series  of  eight  drawers  beneath)  are  arranged  the  Gas- 
tropoda. This  necessarily  scatters  the  collection  to  a  great  extent, 
and  makes  it  very  inconvenient.  A  collection  of  the  recent  and 
fossil  species  arranged  together  is  very  interesting  and  instructive, 
but  it  should  be  a  special  collection  of  such  forms  as  can  be  readily 
traced  back  through  geological  time,  and  which  anyone  would  con- 
sider to  be  the  prototypes  of  the  recent  species;  in  other  words,  the 
primary  object  of  such  a  collection  should  be  to  show  the  evolution 
of  species  and  genera.  The  study  of  recent  and  fossil  mollusca  is 
now  divided  into  well-defined  specialties  ;  no  one  person  can  cover 
with  success  more  than  a  few  closely  related  groups,  faunae  or 
formations;  so  it  seems  to  us  that  a  large  collection  should  be  ar- 
ranged accordingly.  The  paleontologist  must  be  a  geologist,  also ; 


62  THE   NAUTILUS. 

he  cannot  ignore  stratigraphy ;  therefore,  the  collection  most  con- 
venient to  him  is  one  arranged  geologically  ;  again,  he  is  making 
a  special  study  of  the  tertiary  mollusca,  and  has,  for  instance, 
a  collection  of  Paris  Basin  fossils,  he  would  not  want  to  travel 
two  or  three  hundred  linear  feet,  on  two  or  three  different  gal- 
leries to  determine  his  material.  Neither  would  the  collector  of 
recent  shells  want  to  delve  among  the  overwhelming  mass  of  fossils 
to  name  his  collection.  I  think  that  we  can  therefore  lay  aside  this 
plan  (which  is  advocated  by  many)  as  being  entirely  inconsistent 
with  our  present  system  of  investigation.  The  specimens  in  the 
Museum  are  mounted  on  tablets,  the  recent  on  white  and  the  fossil 
on  yellow,  the  label  being  pasted  on  the  lower  edge  of  the  tablet. 

The  collection  of  mollusca  in  the  Museum  of  Natural  History  of 
Berlin,  presents  many  features  of  interest.  It  occupies  one-half  of 
a  large  room,  that  is  divided  into  small  alcoves  by  tall,  upright 
cases.  All  of  the  alcoves  open  into  a  passage-way  along  the  side  of 
the  room,  leaving  three  sides  for  the  display  of  specimens.  Each 
alcove  is  about  20  x  30  feet,  and  in  the  center  of  each  is  a  long  hori- 
zontal case,  with  drawers  beneath,  containing  an  exhibit  of  the  land 
and  fresh  water  shells  of  Germany,  and  the  mollusca  of  the  North 
and  Mediterranean  Seas.  The  latter  are  arranged  longitudinally  in 
a  series,  the  one  above  the  other.  The  conditions  of  the  two  seas 
being  so  different,  the  two  collections  form  a  very  interesting  com- 
parison. The  general  collection  is  arranged  in  the  upright  cases  in 
cardboard  trays,  above  which  the  printed  label  is  held  by  a  small 
card  holder.  In  the  upper  part  of  the  cases  are  a  series  of  enlarged 
drawings  of  the  animals,  radulre,  jaws,  darts,  etc.  On  top  of  the  cases 
is  a  light  iron  framework,  on  which  are  hung  excellent  charts  of  the 
"Weichthiere/'showing  the  anatomical  features  of  the  lendinggroups. 
Throughout  the  entire  museum  great  emphasis  is  placed  on  geo- 
graphical distribution.  At  the  entrance  to  the  rooms  is  a  large  chart 
of  the  world,  each  faunal  region  having  a  different  color.  Under 
each  chart  is  a  series  of  the  labels  used  in  the  museum,  the  labels 
having  a  wide  colored  border  to  indicate  the  different  faunre.  Small 
charts  are  also  placed  among  the  specimens,  the  areas  inhabited  by 
certain  species  being  colored. 

In  the  Zoological  Garden  at  Amsterdam,  are  two  museums  of 
natural  history.  The  one  devoted  to  the  fauna  of  the  Netherlands 
contains  a  very  good  collection  of  the  shells  of  Holland.  The  other 
occupies  the  second  floor  of  a  long  building,  extending  each  side 


THE    NAUTILUS.  63 

from  a  central  hall.  Around  the  walls  of  these  two  rooms  are  ar- 
ranged the  birds  and  mammals,  while  in  the  center  in  two  longi- 
tudinal rows  of  table  cases  is  a  splendid  collection  of  shells,  a  collec- 
tion that  any  museum  should  be  proud  of.  One  can  get  an  idea  of 
the  space  occupied  by  the  following  figures  :  Each  case  was  about 
2 }  x  4  feet,  and  of  these  there  were  144.  In  hastily  going  over  this 
collection,  certain  families  and  genera  were  represented  by  magnifi- 
cent specimens,  and  seemed  almost  complete,  the  most  noticeable 
being  the  Pectinidw,  Veneridie,  Cardiidre,  Crassatellidre,etc.  Among 
the  Volutidre  and  C'ouidie  were  many  of  the  rarer  species,  while  the 
Cypraea  were  graced  by  the  presence  of  C.  princeps  and  C.  guttata. 
Very  interesting  in  showing  color  variation  was  the  very  large  suite 
of  Nanina  eitrina.  But  my  time  was  too  limited  to  do  justice  to 
these  grand  collections,  and,  at  the  time  of  my  visit,  the  curators 
were  either  on  vacation  or  absent  for  the  day.  Our  readers  will 
therefore  please  pardon  the  incompleteness  of  these  brief  descrip- 
tions. 


INFLUENCE  OF  ENVIRONMENT  UPON  THE  FORM  AND  COLOR  OF 
HELIX  ALTERNATA. 


BY  C.  C.  ORMSBEE,  MONTPELIER,  VT. 


The  Helix  alternata  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  of  the  larger 
forms  of  New  England  land  shells,  and,  in  its  distribution,  it  extends 
over  nearly  the  whole  of  the  United  States.  Yet,  owing  to  its  hab- 
its, it  is  not  as  familiar  as  many  of  the  more  rare  species.  It  is  sel- 
dom, if  ever,  seen  crawling  upon  the  ground,  after  the  fashion  of 
other  so-called  snails,  but  nearly,  or  quite,  always  found  snugly 
hidden  in  some  old  log  or  stump,  or  piece  of  rotten  wood,  which,  by 
the  way,  forms  its  food. 

It  is  extremely  nocturnal  in  its  habits,  feeding  during  the  night 
and  never  stirring  during  the  day  time,  unless  disturbed,  in  which 
case  it  will  crawl  to  the  nearest  place  of  concealment  and  resume  its 
slumbers.  It  never  ventures  from  its  home  except  during  the  breed- 
ing season,  and  hence,  when  one  is  found,  others  may  generally 
be  found  near  by.  In  color  the  H.  alternata  is  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  shells,  being  striped  by  alternate  bands  of  light  and  dark 
of  different  shades,  from  which  fact  the  common  name  of  "tiger- 
snail  "  has  been  given  to  it. 


THE    NAUTILUS. 


Its  favorite  location  is  between  the  bark  and  wood  of  a  decaying 
log  or  stump,  and  it  always  selects  a  cool,  shady  and  rather  moist 
spot.  It  prefers  maple,  elm  or  ash.  I  have  never  found  it  in  con- 
nection with  any  of  the  resinous  varieties  of  wood. 

Now,  different  kinds  of  wood  in  decaying,  form  products  of  vary- 
ing shades  nf  color.  Thus  decayed  maple  is  almost  black  ;  elm  is 
dark  brown  ;  ash  is  light  brown  ;  beech  is  still  lighter,  and  birch  has 
a  reddish  tinge.  It  is  no  less  true  that  the  shells  of  the  H.  alternata 
differ  in  shade  and  resemble  that  of  the  wood  in  which  they  are 
found,  and  which  forms  a  part  of  their  food.  Thus  those  found  in 
maple  are  almost  black  ;  those  in  elm  are  dark  brown  ;  those  in  ash 
are  light  brown  ;  those  in  beech  are  still  lighter,  and  those  in  birch 
have  a  reddish  tinge.  I  have  shells  in  my  collection  extending 
through  almost  every  gradation  of  color,  from  black  to  ashy-white. 
In  some  the  black  stripes  predominate  and  almost  obliterate  the 
white  ones.  In  others  the  black  stripes  are  almost  wholly  wanting, 
and  in  a  few  they  are  replaced  by  reddish  colored  stripes,  indicating 
in  every  case  the  nature  of  the  hiding-place  of  each  individual. 

Again,  the  bark  of  decaying  trees  clings  much  more  tightly  under 
some  conditions  than  under  others,  and  this  has  a  marked  effect 
upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  shell.  I  have  one  shell  which  is  al- 
most as  convex  as  the  H.  albolabri?.  I  recollect  that  it  was  found  in 
a  cavity  where  its  upper  surface  could  never  be  touched.  Another 
was  found  in  a  narrow  crevice,  where  it  had  barely  room  to  squeeze 
itself,  and  its  upper  surface  is  perfectly  flat,  and  it  might  well  be 
taken  for  a  subspecies.  Between  these  extremes  every  variation  of 
angle  may  be  found,  all  seeming  to  result  from  a  greater  or  less  de- 
gree of  pressure.  Or,  rather,  having  been  governed  by  the  height 
of  the  crevice  in  which  they  developed. 

Theoretically,  the  supposition  may  have  one  or  two  slight  objec- 
tions which  it  is  not  necessary  to  mention,  but  it  is  based  upon 
several  hundred  observations,  and  I  believe  it  to  be  correct. 


TWO  NEW  PISIDIA. 


BY  DR.  V.  STERKI. 


Pisidium  pauperculum  n.  sp. 

Mussel  of  moderate  size,  rather  oblique,  moderately  to  rather 
strongly  inflated  ;  beaks  slightly  posterior,  moderately  large  and 
prominent,  rounded  ;  scutum  and  scutelliun  slightly  marked  ;  edges 


THE   NAUTILUS.  65 

acute  or  acutish,  not  pinched ;  superior  and  inferior  margins  mod- 
erately curved,  posterior  well  rounded  or  slightly  truncated,  joining 
the  inferior  without  any  marked  angle;  antero-superior  margin 
sloping,  oblique,  slightly  curved,  meeting  the  inferior  at  an  angle 
situated  rather  inferior,  more  distant  in  the  adult  than  in  younger 
examples  ;  surface  very  finely  striated,  polished  ;  color  pale  or  yel- 
lowish to  greenish-horn,  sometimes  whitish  or  straw  in  old  speci- 
mens ;  shell  thin,  translucent ;  hinge  moderately  strong ;  cardinal 
teeth  of  the  right  valve  moderately  curved,  its  posterior  end  thick- 
ened, those  of  the  left  valve  lamellar,  almost  equal,  the  superior 
rather  short,  slightly  oblique  and  little  curved  ;  lateral  teeth  rather 
strong  ;  ligament  short,  thin. 

Long.  3'2,  alt.  2'7  ;  diam.  1'9  mill.,  in  the  average. 

It  has  a  wide  geographical  distribution,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
common  Pisidia,  having  been  seen  from  Massachusetts  :  Winchester 
(E.  W.  Roper)  ;  New  York  :  Mohawk,  Herkimer  County,  Erie 
Canal  (E.  W.  Roper,  A.  Bailey,  Dr.  Jas.  Lewis)  ;  Hudson  River 
(R.  E.  C.  Stearns)  ;  Pennsylvania  :  Philadelphia,  in  different  waters 
(M.  Schick) ;  New  Jersey  :  White  Pond,  dredged  (Pilsbry  and 
Rhoads)  ;  Michigan  :  Ann  Arbor,  High  Island  Harbor  in  Lake 
Michigan  ;  East  Sagiuaw,  Pine  Lake,  dredged  (Br.  Walker)  ;  Grand 
Rapids  (L.  H.  Streng)  ;  Wisconsin  :  Fox  River  (Geo.  T.  Marston)  ; 
Minnesota:  Clearwater  and  Mississippi  Rivers,  Heath  Lake  (H.  E. 
Sargent)  ;  fossil,  at  White  Pond,  N.  J.  (Pilsbry  and  Rhoads). 

Our  species  is  one  of  modest  appearance,  and  yet  somewhat 
unique.  Being  so  common,  it  has  evidently  been  overlooked,  or 
taken  for  younger  specimens  of  some  others,  owing  to  its  want  of 
striking  features  ;  hence  the  name  given  to  it.  Almost  always  the 
mussel  is  more  or  less  coated  with  a  blackish  or  rusty  substance  in 
a  rather  characteristic  way,  especially  over  the  beaks  and  upper 
part,  even  when  found  in  company  with  other  Pisidia  not  thus 
coated,  so  that  this  is  a  feature  of  the  species,  usually  independent  of 
the  habitat.  Yet  sometimes  all  specimens  in  a  place  are  found  clean, 
e.  g.,  those  (dredged)  from  White  Pond,  New  Jersey.  Dead  shells 
are  of  a  rather  characteristic  plumbeous-gray  color. 

The  species  is  variable,  though  being  more  constant  in  each  place. 
There  are  marked  differences  in  size  and  shape,  prominence  of  the 
beaks  and  color.  Especially  notable  is  a  form  from  Michigan,  with 
less  curved  superior  and  inferior  margins,  the  posterior  end  more 
abrupt,  obliquely,  so  that  the  outline  of  the  mussel  resembles  an  ob- 


66  THE    NAUTILUS. 

lique  parallelogram  ;  others,  from  Michigan  and  Minnesota,  are 
very  high,  the  altitude  equalling  or  even  exceeding  the  length. 
Some  of  these  local  forms  may  prove  to  be  true  varieties. 

This  Pisidium  has  caused  considerable  trouble,  correspondence 
and  controversy  for  a  long  time.  Almost  two  years  ago  it  was 
recognized  as  a  well-defined  species,  and  given  its  present  name. 
Then  Mr.  E.  W.  Roper  obtained  a  type  specimen  of  Pi*,  ferrugi- 
neum  Prime,  from  the  Museum  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History,  which  he  kindly  sent  me  for  comparison,  and  we  were  both 
satisfied  at  once  that  it  was  identical  with  the  present  species. 
Several  examples,  of  T.  Prime's  own  hand,  also  named  P.  ferrugi- 
neum, from  "  New  York,"  in  my  collection,  probably  none  of  them 
mature,  are  of  the  same  species.  After  this,  the  present  name  was 
suppressed,  although  it  was  evident  that  all  these  Pisidia  were  very 
far  from  being  congruent,  as  to  size  and  shape,  with  the  author's  de- 
scription and  figures  of  Pis.  ferrugineum,  in  Mou.  Pis.  and  Mon. 
Corbiculadae.  Among  the  thousands  of  specimens  seen  from  New 
England  and  New  York,  none  could  be  referred  to  these  descrip- 
tions, and  so  necessarily  the  question  arose :  What,  and  where,  is  the 
true  P.  ferrugineum  of  Prime1  Last  winter,  Mr.  Roper  received  sev- 
eral lots  of  Pisidia  from  Cambridge  and  Waltham,  Mass.,  and  from 
Maine,  and  obliged  me  by  forwarding  them  for  examination. 
Among  them  there  was  undoubtedly  the  long  sought  for  Pis.  ferru- 
gineum, in  every  particular  conforming  with  the  author's  description 
as  well  as  the  figures  in  Mon.  Pis.  (PI.  XII,  figs.  8,  9, 10).  Now  we 
knew  also  that  Pis.  paupercHluin  was  distinct  and  deserving  a  name 
of  its  own.  The  mixing  up  of  the  two  species  by  Prime,  is  ex- 
plained by  the  fact  that  both  of  them  are  usually  covered  with  a 
dark  or  blackish  "  ferruginous  "  substance,  in  the  same  way,  giving 
them  the  same  outward  appearance,  the  more  so  as  in  some  forms  or 
specimens  of  Pis.  paupercuhim  the  beaks  are  rather  high  and  promi- 
nent, though  rounded,  and  not  "  tubercular,"  without  ridges  (Conf. 
the  figures  cited  above).  Under  the  impression  that  they  were  iden- 
tical, the  author  could  say  that  P.  ferrugineum  was  one  of  our  most 
common  species,  while  properly  restricted,  it  seems  to  be  rather  rare. 

Pisidium  aoutellatum  n.  sp. 

Mussel  of  medium  size,  rather  high,  oblique,  markedly  protracted 
downward  in  its  anterior  part,  well  rounded,  rather  strongly  in- 

1  The  author  himself  could  not  be  consulted,  since  he  had  given  up,  long 
ago,  the  study  of  these  mussels. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  67 

flated  ;  beaks  much  posterior,  rather  large,  prominent  rounded  ; 
superior  margin  short,  little  curved,  or  almost  straight,  scutum  and 
scutellum  well  marked,  forming  projecting  angles  ;  the  other  mar- 
gins well  curved,  or  the  posterior  very  slightly  truncated,  anterior 
end  well  rounded,  or  with  a  slight  indication  of  an  angle ;  surface 
polished,  with  irregular  striae  and  some  coarse  lines  of  growth  ;  shell 
thin,  transparent,  of  a  yellowish-horn  to  amber  color,  often  grayish 
or  brownish-horn  in  old  specimens,  and  whitish  on  the  beaks  ;  nacre 
glassy,  inner  surface  microscopically  rugulose  ;  hinge  fine,  short, 
cardinal  teeth  lamellar,  the  one  in  the  right  valve  moderately 
curved,  its  posterior  end  thicker;  the  inferior  in  the  left  valve 
curved,  the  superior  little  so  or  almost  straight;  lateral  teeth  very 
short,  very  abrupt,  pointed,  thin,  little  projecting  into  the  cavity  of 
the  mussel ;  ligament  small. 

Long.  4-0,  alt.  3'6,  diam.  2-8  mill. 

Long.  3'3,  alt.  2'8,  diam.  2'4  mill,  or  less  (deep  water  form). 

The  center  of  its  distribution  is  in  the  region  of  the  Great 
Lakes,  where  it  seems  to  be  common,  especially  northward,  in  the 
great  and  small  lakes  and  rivers.  It  has  been  dredged  from  deep 
water  in  different  places:  Pine  Lake,  5-11  meters;  Lake  Michigan, 
off  New  York  Point,  24  meters ;  also  taken  from  the  stomachs  of 
white  fish  of  Lake  Michigan.  These  deep  water  forms,  almost  all 
•dead  shells,  were  first  seen  among  materials  sent  by  Mr.  Bryant 
Walker,  in  1894.  Later,  fresh  specimens  in  lots  from  different 
places  in  Michigan  were  sent  by  Mr.  Bryant  Walker,  L.  H.  Streng 
and  Geo.  T.  Marston  ;  from  different  waters  of  the  Mississippi  drain- 
age, in  Minnesota,  by  Mr.  H.  E.  Sargent.  A  few  specimens,  in  two 
identical  lots,  in  Br.  Walker's  and  Roper's  collections,  from  Shen- 
don,  Montana,  at  an  elevation  of  9000  feet,  have  much  resemblance 
with  our  species,  yet  differ  in  some  points,  and  it  will  take  more 
materials  to  ascertain  whether  they  are  identical  or  not. 

This  is  one  of  our  most  characteristic  Pisidia,  distinguished,  beside 
its  surface  features,  color  and  the  configuration  of  the  hinge,  by  its 
oblique  shape  and  the  much  larger  anterior  part.  This  character  it 
has  in  common  with  Pis.  virgin  iettm  Gmel.  and  walkeri  ;  the  former 
of  these  is  out  of  the  question;  the  latter  species  is  much  more  elon- 
gatedi  its  beaks  are  much  smaller,  the  outline  is  more  angular,  and 
the  surface  dull,  from  microscopic  lamellae,  but  even. 

Pis.  scutellatum  is  somewhat  variable:  the  largest  specimens  seen, 
from  Orchard  Lake,  Mich.,  are  4'5  mill.  long.  Those  from  deep 


68  THE   NAUTILUS. 

water  are  the  smallest  and  most  inflated,  and  their  beaks  are  com- 
monly more  prominent ;  some  of  them  have  crowded  striae  of  growth. 
New  Philadelphia,  O.,  Sept.,  1896. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT. 


[Conducted  ID  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conchological  Chapter  of  the  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 


NOTES  ON  SOME  SHELLS  OF  PTJGET  SOUND. 


[Extract  frem  the  report  of  Mrs.  M.  Drake.   From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac  Lea 
Conchological  Chapter  for  1895.] 


In  January,  I  went  out  to  Gig  Harbor,  but  the  tides  were  not 
good  and  I  got  few  shells.  About  seventy  Pterorhytis  foliatux  were 
found  at  Point  Richmond,  some  of  them  quite  large  with  rich  brown- 
bands.  We  find  this  shell  at  quite  low  tide,  clinging  to  the  rocks 
in  much  the  same  way  as  Piirpura  crixpata,  and  its  operculum  is 
very  much  like  that  of  the  Piirpura,  only  it  is  of  a  deeper  brown 
and  stronger.  A  horn  is  on  each  one  of  its  three  wing-like  varices. 
As  it  grows  in  strong  currents,  its  shell  is  heavy  and  not  easily 
broken. 

I  also  collected  (dredged)  some  young  Peden  hastcdus  which  are 
plain  in  color,  and  without  the  lovely  spines  of  the  adult.  We 
found  them  attached  to  kelp.  The  young  are  attached  to  kelp  by 
their  byssus,  while  the  larger  ones  are  free  swimming,  and  can  move 
quite  rapidly  through  the  water.  We  take  most  of  them  in  several 
feet  of  water,  with  a  dip-net,  at  low  tide. 

We  find  four  species  of  Saxidomus,  they  are  Scuridomus  nitttnl/i, 
8.  sqiialidtts,  S.  aratus  and  8.  brevisiphonana.  As  the  last  name 
indicates,  that  species  has  short  siphons,  and  it  is  more  rounded, 
shorter  and  has  a  stronger  shell.  I  found  two  species  of  (.'artlimn 
at  Brown's  Point,  one  being  in  somewhat  deeper  water  than  the 
other,  with  a  rougher,  heavier  and  plainer  shell.  The  animal  is  also 
different.  By  the  way,  how  can  conchologists  be  sure  of  the  differ- 
ences and  resemblances  of  closely  allied  shells  without  studying  the 
living  animals?'  I  am  sure  I  could  not  have  seen  so  much  beauty 

1  Here  is  where  we  amateurs  may  add  to  the  general  knowledge  by  studying 
the  animal  in  its  habitat  while  it  is  vet  alive. — M.  U.  \V. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  69 

in  shells  had  I  not  studied  the  animals  in  them  and  learned  of  their 
friends  and  their  enemies,  their  food  and  manner  of  reproduction. 
I  have  also  learned  that  when  we  find  certain  species  we  may  expect 
to  find  there  certain  other  species,  either  because  both  like  the  same 
conditions  of  life,  or  one  may  prey  upon  another. 

Lepeta  concentrica  was  one  of  my  new  finds  in  April.  It  was 
dredged  from  100  feet  of  water  and  was  clinging  to  stones,  to  which 
Waldheimia  pulvinata  and  the  eggs  and  young  of  Placunanomia 
macrosclnsma  were  also  attached.  Placunanomia  macroschisma 
grows  to  a  large  size  here,  four  inches  across,  and  of  a  lovely  green 
tint  inside.  The  animal  is  a  bright  orange  in  color,  and  is  good 
eating. 

During  March  and  April  we  collected  several  thousand  of  the 
finest  Purpura  crispata  I  have  ever  seen — pure  white,  orange,  brown, 
striped  and  banded,  smooth  and  foliated,  huge  and  infantile,  one  can 
hardly  tell  how  variously  beautiful  they  are.  I  have  given  two  entire 
drawers  in  my  cabinet  to  them.  I  have  one  in  color  exactly  like  a 
violet  snail. 

During  May  we  found  several  live  Acmcea  mitra,  whose  "  white 
caps "  had  a  most  decided  green  color.  They  are  larger  than  the 
southern  ones.  I  got  five  shells,  which  were  new  to  me,  from 
Lemon's  Beach,  on  the  Narrows — Eulima  rutila,  a  shell  of  rare 
beauty  both  in  form  and  color,  being  pure  white  at  the  apex  and 
bright  rosy  pink  at  the  base;  Eulima  fa/cata,  pure  white  and  larger 
than  E.  rutila;  Axinea  intermedia,  larger  than  described  in  west 
coast  shells;  one  Lucina,  unknown  at  Washington,  and  some  fine 
Semele  rubroradiatu  which  live  in  the  little  sandy  pit-holes  of  a  hard 
cement  reef  which  is  bare  at  low  tide.  Here,  too,  we  found  many 
live  Psitmmobia  rubroradiata .  Both  kinds  of  these  red-rayed  clams, 
especially  the  latter,  told  us  where  they  lived  by  spouting  up  small 
streams  of  water  at  intervals. 

In  company  with  a  friend  I  went  to  Fort  Defiance  where  we  found 
Acmcea  digitalis  living  in  the  crack  of  a  granite  rock.  We  found 
Oryptoehiton  stelleri  and  an  unknown  Chiton,  whose  shell  is  salmon- 
colored  on  the  inside.  Cryptochiton  is  very  abundant  here  at 
certain  times,  when  they  come  ashore  to  breed.  We  have  collected 
several  hundred  of  them  at  a  place,  and  a  month  later  not  one  was 
to  be  seen.  Our  largest  was  thirteen  inches  long.  Most  of  them 
are  brown,  but  some  are  almost  white.  We  found  them  on  rocks 
and  flat  on  the  pebbly  beach  at  extreme  low  tide.  We  found  them 


70  THE   NAUTILUS. 

quite  hard  to  clean  properly.  The  Indians  are  fond  of  the  sole- 
like  strip  which  protects  the  insides,  and  are  fond  of  the  eggs  which 
are  very  numerous.  These  animals  look  so  much  like  the  rocks  on 
which  they  cling,  that  few  of  the  frequenters  of  the  beach  knew  the 
animal  when  we  showed  it  to  them. 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


GREEN-HOUSE  SHELLS. — This  spring  I  found  some  Zonites  ylaber 
Stud,  in  one  of  the  green-houses  of  this  city.  It  was  identified  for  me 
by  Dr.  W.  H.  Ball.  Arion  hortensw  Fer.  was  found  at  the  same 
place  and  identified  by  Mr.  H.  A.  Pilsbry.  Zonites  lucidus  Brap  is 
found  in  all  the  green-houses  of  the  city. 

P.  B.  RANDOLPH,  Seattle,  Washington. 

NOTE  ON  LEDA  CAELATA  HINDS. — This  species  was  described  by 
Hinds  in  the  Geology  of  the  Voyage  of  the  Sulphur,  p.  64,  pi.  18, 
fig.  13,  1844,  and  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London  for  1843,  p.  99.  But 
Conrad  had  already  described  a  fine  species  of  Leda  from  the  Clai- 
borne  sands  under  this  specific  name,  in  the  Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  Vol. 
XXIII,  p.  343,  Jan.,  1833.  This,  in  Becember  of  the  same  year, 
was  renamed  brogniarti  by  Lea,  Contr.  to  Geology,  p.  82,  pi.  3,  fig. 
(51.  Consequently  the  species  of  Hinds  requires  a  new  specific 
name.  As  there  is  already  a  L.  hindsii  of  Hanley,  I  propose  to 
substitute  for  coelata  the  specific  name  of  taphria,  while  Leda  broy- 
iiinrti  Lea  must  retain  the  prior  name  of  Conrad. — W.  H.  BALL. 

CALLISTA  VAEIANS  HANLEY,  IN  EASTERN  FLORIDA. — Mr.  J.  J. 
White,  of  Rockledge,  Fla.,  reports  the  finding  of  numerous  speci- 
mens of  this  species  in  Lake  Worth,  on  mud  flats  near  the  Inlet. 
This  seems  to  be  the  first  finding  of  this  West  Indian  species  in 
Florida. 


NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


BlAGNOSES  OF  NEW  MOLLUSKS  FROM  THE  SURVEY  OF  THE  MEXI- 
CAN BOUNDARY,  by  W.  H.  Ball  (Proc.  U.  S.  N.  Mus.,  xviii,  pp.  1-6). 
Patula  strigosa  var.  concentrata,  New  Mexico  ;  a  small  race,  further 

southward  than  any  other  reported. 
Epiphragmophora  arizoneusis,  near  Tucson,  Arizona. 
Epiphragmophora  hatcliitana,  Hachita  Grande  Mt. 
Epiphragmophora  arnheimi,  California. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  71 

Polygyra  chiricahuana,  Arizona. 
Polygyra  rneamsii,  New  Mexico. 
Holospira  crossei,  pilsbryi,  bilamellata,  mearnsii,  veracruziana,  all 

from  New  Mexico  and  Mexico. 
Unio  mitchelli  Simpson,  a  Texan  species  collected  by  Hon.  J.  D. 

Mitchell. 
Cerion  pineria,  Isle  of  Piues  (S.  of  Cuba). 

LIST  OF  DUPLICATES  OF  JAPANESE  SHELLS  COLLECTED  BY 
FREDERICK  STEARNS  (Detroit,  1896).  A  list  for  purposes  of  ex- 
change, which  may  be  obtained  on  application  by  those  having 
shells,  echinoderns,  corals,  etc.,  to  offer  for  Japanese  shells. 

DIAGNOSES  OF  NEW  TERTIARY  FOSSILS  FROM  THE  SOUTHERN 
UNITED  STATES.  By  W.  H.  Dall  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XVIII, 
pp.  21-46,  1895).  This  paper  deals  mainly  with  new  or  misunder- 
stood species  of  Bulloid  Tectibranchs,  of  Terebra  and  of  Conus.  A 
new  section  of  Bullina,  Abderospira,  is  proposed  for  a  new  Chipola 
species  ;  and  Wakullinn  is  a  new  subgenus  of  Cantraiue's  genus 
Carolia.  A  general  discussion  of  the  Terebridte  of  our  tertiaries 
precedes  the  descriptions  of  new  forms.  The  preliminary  remarks 
under  Conus  have  a  vastly  wider  application  than  to  the  particular 
genus  under  discussion,  and  cut  at  the  root  of  a  false  method  in 
much  paleontologic  work  of  both  hemispheres.  We  refer  more 
especially  to  this  paragraph.  The  italics  are  our  own  :  "  The  gen, 
eral  rule  that  local  faunae  are  derived  from  pre-existing  faunce  of  the 
same  general  region  is  a  good  guide,  and  a  careful  comparison  of  the 
fossils  with  the  recent  types  will  often  assist  materially  in  determin- 
ing the  relations  of  fossil  forms.  The  identifications  which  travel  to 
distant  fatince  for  representatives — as,  for  instance,  the  Indo-Pacific 
fauna  for  Haitian  fossils — are  usually  wrong,  and  all  Gabb's  identi- 
fications of  this  sort  will  be  modified  by  further  and  more  careful 
study.  Analogous  characteristics  are  often  purely  dynamic  informs  of 
different  lineage,  subjected  to  similar  conditions,  in  widely  separated 
localities.  Where  modern  fauna  differ  in  the  races  of  any  genus 
which  they  contain,  the  antecedent  fossils  in  the  same  regions  are 
not  likely  to  be  much  more  nearly  related."  We  have,  for  some 
years,  been  endeavoring  to  persuade  our  German  friends  of  the 
truth  of  this  general  doctrine  as  applied  to  their  tertiary  land  snails, 
but  without  much  success  thus  far  ;  so  that  it  is  peculiarly  refreshing 
to  find  an  acknowledged  master  stating  the  result  of  his  broad  experi- 
ence in  other  groups,  in  diction  so  unequivocal  as  the  above  extract. 


72  THE    NAUTILUS. 

OBITUARY— B.  SCHMACKEE.1 


A  letter  just  received  from  Shanghai,  China,  announces  the  death 
of  B.  SCHMACKER,  ESQ.,  of  that  city,  in  Yokohama. 

Mr.  Schruacker  was  a  most  enthusiastic  conchologist.  It  was  his 
aim  and  purpose  to  close  up  all  his  business  affairs  next  winter  and 
devote  the  balance  of  his  life  to  his  shells.  During  his  long  resi- 
dence in  the  far  East  he  had  collected  extensively  in  China,  Japan, 
and  the  islands  of  the  coast,  and  had,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  prob- 
ably the  finest  private  collection  of  oriental  laud  and  fresh-water 
shells  in  the  world. 

From  time  to  time,  as  his  business  engagements  permitted,  he 
published  papers  upon  various  conchological  topics.  I  can  now 
only  recall  certain  pamphlets  upon  Formosa  shells,  Chinese  Clau- 
siliae,  Chinese  Helices,  and,  I  believe,  a  paper  upoii  the  Molluscan 
fauna  of  the  island  Hainan. 

Much  of  his  literary  work  was  done  in  connection  with  Boettger 
and  von  Mollendorff.  He  told  me  a  year  ago  that  it  was  his  purpose 
to  write  a  comprehensive  work  upon  Chinese  land  and  fresh-water 
shells,  and  that  it  was  to  that  end  that  he  had  made  such  extensive 
collections  in  China  and  the  neighboring  islands.  I  doubt  if  any- 
one could  have  been  better  qualified  for  this  undertaking. 

Personally,  Mr.  Schmacker  was  a  most  charming  man.  He  was 
kindness  itself,  and  his  greatest  happiness  seemed  to  be  to  give  others 
pleasure.  He  had  a  keen  sense  of  humor,  and  was  a  most  agreeable 
conversationalist.  Unfortunately,  he  was  somewhat  deaf;  but  I  be- 
lieve it  was  only  the  disagreeable  things  he  could  not  hear. 

He  was  manager  of  the  great  German  trading  firm  of  Carlowitz 
&  Co.,  of  Shanghai,  and  was  a  man  of  some  wealth. 

His  death  will  be  mourned  by  a  host  of  friends  in  Asia  and  Eu- 
rope, and  his  loss  will  be  felt  by  the  brotherhood  of  conchologists 
all  over  the  world. 

JOHN  B.  HENDERSON,  JR. 

Bar  Harbor,  Me.,  Sept.  17,  1896. 

1  We  take  the  liberty  of  publishing  the  above  letter  from  Mr.  John  B.  Hen- 
derson, Jr.,  bringing  us  the  sad  news  of  the  death  of  one  of  the  most  capable 
of  Oriental  conchologists.  During  a  short  visit  to  Philadelphia  some  years 
ago,  Mr.  Schmacker  became  known  to  us  ;  but  it  is  not  alone  as  an  excellent 
conchologist,  but  as  a  man  of  rare  and  attractive  personal  qualities  that  we 
have  valued  his  friendship  and  regret  his  untimely  death. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


Vol..  X.  NOVEMBER,  1896.  No.  7 


CASCO  BAY. 


BY    REV.    HENRY    W.    WINKLEY. 


The  two  most  famous  collecting  grounds  on  the  coast  of  Maine 
are  Eastport  and  Casco  Bay.  The  writer  having  spent  several  sum- 
mers at  Eastport,  devoted  his  energies  this  year  to  Casco  Bay.  From 
the  city  of  Portland  to  Cape  Small  the  distance  is  perhaps  thirteen 
miles.  From  the  mainland  to  the  outer  islands  is  some  six  miles. 
This  area  is  said  to  contain  365  islands.  A  fortunate  location  was 
secured  on  one  of  the  outer  islands,  in  a  central  position  as  regards 
the  longer  axis  of  the  Bay.  The  naturalists  of  the  expedition  were 
the  writer  and  his  two  enthusiastic  and  constant  companions  PVauk 
H.  and  Robert  L.  Wiukley  aged  10  and  73  respectively.  The  shores 
are  for  the  most  part  rocky,  affording  occasional  tide  pools  rich  in 
animal  life.  The  bottom  is  of  every  variety,  giving  opportunity  for 
any  taste  the  mollusca  may  display.  Land  sheila  abound  on  the 
outer  islands.  Singularly  they  find  a  favorite  home  here  while  on 
the  main  land  they  are  exceedingly  scarce.  We  visited,  for  land 
shells,  Eagle,  Brown  Cow,  Jewells,  inner  and  outer  Green  and  Cliff 
Islands  ;  on  all  but  outer  Green  we  obtained  good  results.  The  most 
curious  of  this  group  is  the  famous  Brown  Cow.  In  the  midst  of 
rough  ledges,— an  out  post  fronting  the  open  sea, — this  mere  spot,  rises 
with  perpendicular  cliffs  to  a  height  of  at  least  fifteen  feet.  The  ap- 
proach must  be  made  in  calm  weather,  and  at  low  tide.  We  had  a 
half  hour's  visit  and  such  a  harvest !  The  top  of  the  island  is  one  half 
covered  with  grass,  the  other  half  is  a  clump  of  bushes.  Helix  hor- 


74  THE   NAUTILUS. 

tensis  covered  the  leaves  and  branches  of  these  bushes,  the  varieties 
being  the  yellow  and  five  banded.  Oil  the  ground  Pyramidula 
alternata,  Polygyra  albolabris  and  Sncdnea  obliqua  were  abundant. 
We  obtained  the  famous  wine  colored  variety  of  P.  a/bolnbrif,  and 
among  the  specimens  discovered  a  set  handed  with  fine  lines,  like 
P.  multilineata.  Time  was  precious  and  we  collected  expedi- 
iously  as  the  tide  was  coming  in.  We  escaped  from  the  island  with 
a  slight  ducking  from  the  surf,  but  happy  are  the  results.  On  Green 
island  a  few  specimens  of  H.  liortrnxi*  were  found,  among  them 
two  full  grown  forms,  which  had  for  some  reason  started  to  grow 
again  ;  extending  from  the  finished  lip  was  a  continuation  of  the  outer 
whorl,  but  of  a  dirty  cream  color  and  rough  with  ridges.  On  one 
of  the  islands  Frank  discovered  the  home  of  the  albino  P.  <ilteriiiitn, 
a  valuable  prize.  Shore  collecting  gave  us  a  beautiful  series  of  the 
various  varieties  of  Pii.rpura  lapillus,  and  some  of  the  specimens  were 
the  largest  we  have  seen.  We  also  found  Bucrlit  inn,  Skeneaplanorbis, 
Turtoiiia  minuta,  Rissoa  aculeus,  Lacmni  rlin-in,  and  the  common 
shore  varieties.  Considerable  time  was  given  to  dredging  in  depths 
from  seven  to  twenty-five  fathoms.  One  summer  is  far  too  short  to 
exhaust  this  region,  but  many  localities  were  dredged  with  good 
results.  A  dozen  to  fifteen  new  forms  were  added  to  the  cabinet, 
and  at  least  fifty  duplicate  sets,  to  represent  the  Bay,  found  places  in 
the  collection.  Five  species  of  chitons  were  found,  including  Ainiciiln 
Emersonii;  a  few  fine  specimens  of  Peeten  magellanicus  were  dredged, 
among  them  one  that  had  received  an  injury  and  in  repairing  had 
turned  the  edges  of  both  valves  upward  so  that  they  grew  at  right 
angles  to  the  natural  plane.  The  interesting  genus  Bela  revealed  a 
half  dozen  or  more  species,  harpularin  being  the  most  abundant. 
Brachiopods  were  found  occasionally,  and  sponges,  shrimp,  echino- 
derms  and  other  invertebrates  were  abundant,  but  with  much  regret 
at  not  having  the  means  to  care  for  them  they  were  returned  to  the 
sea.  A  list  of  results  would  contain  all  of  the  common  forms.  The 
more  rare  species  included  the  genera  Thracia,  Astarte,  Nncula, 
Modiolaria,  Crenella,  Cylichna,  Margarita,  Odostomia,  Lunatia, 
Velutina,  Astyris  and  others. 

Since  the  above  article  was  written  I  have  read  with  much  interest 
the  article  on  "  Helix  alternata"  by  Mr.  Ormsby.  I  do  not  wish  to 
take  anything  from  his  statements,  but  to  add  one  or  two  concerning 
that  species.  The  islands  of  Casco  Bay  are  good  to  stand  a  man  on 
his  head,  figuratively  if  not  literally,  for  he  meets  with  circumstances 


THE   NAUTILUS.  75 

which  upset  his  former  ideas.  Land  shells  are  very  scarce  in  the 
state  of  Maine,  at  least  in  the  parts  I  have  visited.  As  a  rule  two 
or  three  specimens  of  the  larger  species,  would  he  all  one  would  find 
after  a  careful  search,  not  so,  however,  on  the  small  islands.  Pyra- 
midula  alternata  occurs  in  great  profusion.  Poli/gyrn  nlbolabris  and 
Helix  horteiisis  are  also  abundant.  P.  alternuta  occurs  on  one  island, 
some  distance  from  any  trees,  just  above  high  water  mark,  its  only 
shelter  being  rocks  and  small  raspberry  bushes.  In  this  location 
some  two  hundred,  including  the  albino,  were  found.  On  another 
island  it  occurs  in  the  woods  but  crawling  on  the  ground,  so  numer- 
ous is  it,  that  one  can  hardly  step  without  crushing  the  shells.  Fur- 
thermore it  was  found  feeding  on  animal  matter,  dead  crabs  and 
shells  left  by  the  crows  were  covered  with  hungry  individuals. 


THE  SYSTEMATIC  POSITION  OF  SPHYRADIUM  ("PUPA") 
EDENTULUM  Drap. 


BY    DR.    V.    STERK1. 


For  some  time,  it  has  been  my  opinion  that  this  species  (=  Vertigo 
simplex  Gld.)  has  nut  its  proper  place  under  Pupa.  The  shell, 
though  Pupa-like  in  its  general  aspect,  shows  two  marked  differences 
from  all  groups  of  that  genus  as  well  as  all  Pupidte.  In  the  first 
place,  its  aperture  is  radial,  while  in  the  Pupidse  it  is  lateral,  or  tan- 
gential, from  the  columellar  wall  being  prolonged  to  the  periphery 
of  the  penultimate  whorl,  or  even  beyond  it.  In  the  second  place, 
the  peristome  in  Pupidne  is  more  or  less  everted,  generally  with  a 
more  or  less  distinct  lip,  or  at  least  the  margin  is  "  finished  up,"  in 
mature  specimens,  while  in  tdeiititlum  the  peristome  is  straight  and 
simple,  and  the  margin  always  thin  and  sharp,  as  it  is  in  Patula, 
etc.,  and  in  the  Zonitidie. 

This  view  is  now  confirmed  by  the  examination  of  the  radula. 
The  teeth  are  small,  comparatively,  and  the  cusps  of  all  are  very 
short  and  small.  There  are  r+21  (20)  in  a  transverse  row,  and 
116-127  such  rows  were  counted.  The  centrals  are  tricuspid,  the 
laterals  all  bicuspid,  except  the  last  which  is  a  minute  nodule ;  in 
the  others  there  is  no  difference  of  laterals  and  marginals  but  that 
the  plates  of  attachment  become  shorter  towards  the  margins,  and 


/6  THE    NAUTILUS. 

evanescent  in  the  outer  teeth.  The  radula  is  0'">5  mill,  long,  0'14 
wide,  and  so  one  tooth  measures  about  0'0045XO'0035  mill. 

This  is  so  radical  a  difference  from  the  Pupida?  that  our  species  can 
no  longer  be  placed  under  that  family.  It  comes  nearest  Pimctum 
jtygmceum  Drap.,1  the  radula  being  of  the  same  type,  and  also  the 
jaw  is  of  the  same  formation,  being  quite  low  and  composed  of  dis- 
tinct plates. 

As  to  the  generic  name,  Sphyradium  Charp.  1837(=Columella 
West.,  Edentulina  Cless.,  both  1876,  teste  Westerlund)  must  be 
used. 

An  interesting  analogue  is  "Pupa"  neozelanica  Pfr.,  with  much 
the  same  form  of  shell,  which  Mr.  H.  Suter,  a  few  years  ago,  has 
shown  to  be  no  Pupa,  but  a  Charopa. 

It  may  be  added  that  the  American  form  is  absolutely  identical 
with  the  palsearctic,  even  showing  the  same  wide  range  of  variation. 
There  is  no  need,  then,  to  name  it  Sph.  "edentulum  simplex."  Just 
so,  to  mention  it  by  the  way,  Punetum  pi/gmcfum  Drap.  is  identical 
on  both  continents,  and  so  it  is  equally  useless  to  name  it  P.  ]>;/yina:i/m 
minutissimum. 


LIST,  WITH  NOTES,  OF  LAND  AND  FRESH  WATER  SHELLS  COLLECTED 
BY  DR.  WM.  H.  RUSH  IN  URUGUAY  AND  ARGENTINA. 


BY  HENRY  A.   PILSBRY  AND  WILLIAM  H.  RUSH. 


In  presenting  this  list  of  land  and  fresh  water  shells  from  Uru- 
guay and  Argentina,  perhaps  it  will  be  well  to  state  precisely  the 
localities  at  which  collections  were  made,  especially  so  from  the 
Uruguay  River,  which  region  seems  to  have  been  omitted  from  the 
report  of  D'Orbigny.  The  U.  S.  S.  Yantic,  to  which  the  writer 
was  attached,  arrived  at  Montevideo,  Uruguay,  in  January,  1892. 
The  public  park,  El  Prado,  of  the  city  proved  to  be  the  richest  re- 
gion near  by ;  the  suburbs  of  the  town  were  rich  in  Hi-lix  lucd-n,  as, 
indeed,  were  many  places  in  Uruguay  and  Argentina;  several  large 
tracts  are  preserved  for  the  cultivation  of  them  for  the  supply  of  the 
Italian  markets.  The  Cerro,  which  is  quite  a  prominent  hill  on  a 

1  In  the  radula  of  one  specimen  of  P.  ;»/;/;/<. <  inn  r+17  teeth  were  counted  in 
a  transverse  row,  r-f-16  in  another,  and  SO  I  78  )  rows  were  found.  The  laterals, 
except  the  last  one  or  few,  were  bicuspid.  (t'onf.  E.  S.  Morse,  Pulmonifera 
of  Maine,  p.  27,  pi.  8,  fig.  71.). 


THE    NAUTILUS.  77 

small  peninsula  opposite  the  main  city,  and  from  which  Montevideo, 
"  The  mount,  I  see,"  derives  its  name,  contained  nothing  special, 
but  the  plain  back  of  it  yielded  several  land  species,  and  the  small 
runs  and  creeks  many  fresh  water  forms,  in  some  of  which,  when 
dry,  the  whole  bottom  was  found  to  be  covered  with  dead  Planorbis. 
Maldonado  Bay  is  about  20  miles  nearer  the  sea,  in  Uruguay,  and 
was  the  only  place  in  which  the  dredge  was  used  with  good  results 
as  showing  the  extreme  southern  limit  of  several  West  Indian  spe- 
cies. Gorriti  Island,  in  that  bay,  was  a  treasure  for  H.  lactea,  and 
was  abundantly  supplied  with  Strophochilus  luteseens  King  and 
Bulimulus  gorritiensis  Pils.  Near  the  small  town  of  Maldonado, 
was  found  Amphidojca  costellata  D'Orb.  in  a  small  grove  of  native 
trees,  about  the  only  one  met  with.  Most  of  the  trees  of  any  size  in 
the  immediate  neighborhood  of  Montevideo  and  Buenos  Ayres,  are 
the  introduced  eucalyptus.  Upon  the  visit  to  Buenos  Ayres,  Eusena- 
da,  etc.,  the  only  thing  noticeable  was  the  extreme  abundance  of 
Ampul/aria  canaliculate  Lam.  and  its  varieties,  in  all  stages  of 
growth  from  the  egg  upward.  The  Rio  Parana,  upon  which  the 
ship  went  as  far  as  Rosario  in  Santa  Fe  province,  did  not  yield 
much,  principally  for  the  reason  that  the  ship  was  there  during  a 
revolution,  when  excursions  always  have  an  element  of  danger,  as  all 
the  hoodlums  of  the  town  are  turned  loose  with  Winfield  rifles.  It 
was  only  when  the  ship  went  up  the  Uruguay  River  as  far  as  Paysan- 
du  that  things  began  to  be  interesting,  but  the  time  was  too  limited, 
This  region  proved  to  be  extremely  rich  in  undescribed  Potamo- 
llthns.  The  collecting  was  easy,  as  all  that  was  required  was  to 
pick  up  any  stone  at  extreme  low  water  and  scrape  the  specimens 
off  with  the  light  fore-finger  into  the  collecting  basket.  The  first 
visit  to  the  water's  edge  at  Paysandu,  resulted  in  finding  P.  Ruxliii 
Pils.,  which  was  found  to  be  unfigured  in  D'Orbigny,  and  so  few  in 
number  that  one  or  two  trips  more  were  taken  especially  to  find 
them,  but  only  with  limited  results,  so  it  can  be  considered  scarce. 
Nearly  all  the  other  forms  were  abundant.  The  means  of  living 
there  are  so  easy  that  it  was  found  a  hard  matter  even  to  hire  the 
amphibian  small  boy  to  collect  Unioiilda;.  A  trip,  by  a  well-organ- 
ized party,  up  the  river  to  its  source,  would  yield  valuable  results. 
Only  three  specimens  of  Vaglnnlns  were  found,  and  these  among  the 
ruins  of  an  old  hide  building  in  Maldonado.  The  plain  back  of 
Baenos  Ayres  did  nut  yield  such  an  abundant  supply  as  one  would 
expect  from  D'Orbigny's  remarks,  but  possibly  that  was  owing  to 
the  extreme  dryness  of  the  season  while  we  were  there. 


78  THE  NAUTILUS. 

HELICID^E. 

Hi'lix  aspersa  Miill.  British  cemetery  at  Buenos  Ayres,  Argen- 
tine Republic. 

Helix  ladea  Miill.  Gorriti  Island,  Mnlclonaclo  Bay.  Cultivated 
for  food.  This  species  was  already  abundant  in  Uruguay  when 
d'Orbigny  was  there  in  1826,  and  the  date  of  its  introduction  could 
not  then  be  ascertained. 

Strophocheilus  oblongus  Brug.  var.  Fray  Bentos.  The  apex  is 
blunter  th'an  in  typical  oblongus,  more  as  in  »S'.  capillaeeut  Pfr. 

Strophocheilus  Intexcenn  King.  Gorriti  Island,  Maldonado  Bay. 
Originally  described  from  Maldonado.  The  eggs  vary  in  size, 
especially  in  length,  measuring  from  6'5  x  9'2  to  6'2  x  7'6  mm. 

BULIMULID.&. 

JJiilimuliis  gorritiensis  Pils.,  n.  sp.1  Gorriti  Island,  Maldonado 
Bay,  under  stones. 

Biilimulus  Rush !i  Pils.,  n.  sp.  Montevideo,  plain  back  of  Cerro, 
on  thistles. 

PUPIDJE. 

Odontostomus  dentatus  Wood.  Montevideo,  Uruguay,  on  thistles 
and  close  to  ground,  on  plain  back  of  the  Cerro. 

ENDODONTID;E. 

Amphidoxa  (Stejthnnoda)  costellata  d'Orb.  A  small  grove  of 
native  trees  near  Maldonado,  Uruguay.  Abundant. 

SUCCINEID.I-:. 

Omalonyx  ungnis  d'Orb.     I  ocality  not  noted. 
Omalonyx  convexa  Mart.     Creek  in  Prado,  Montevideo. 

VAGINUL.ID.'E. 
Vaginulus  solea  d'Orb.     Near  Maldonado,  Uruguay. 

PHYSIIVK. 
J'ln/sii  Sowerbyana  d'Orb.     Creek  in  Prado.  Montevideo. 

CHILINIDJE. 

Chilina  ffiimin.en  Matou.  San  Gal)riel's  Island,  in  the  Rio  de  la 
Plata,  opposite  Colouia,  Uruguay. 

Chilina  Rushii  Pilsbry,  n.  sj>.  Uruguay  River,  at  Fraj'  Bentos, 
Uruguay.  Distinguished  by  its  angular  shoulder. 


'See  Man.  Conch.  (2),  XI  for  description  and  figure  of  this  and  the  next 
species.  The  other  new  forms  will  be  described  in  I'roc.  Aoad.  Nat.  Sci. 
rhila.  and  the  next  number  of  NAUTILUS,  space  being  lacking  in  this  number. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  79 


Limncea  viator  d'Orb.     Montevideo  :  creek  in  the  Prado. 

Planorbis  heloicus  d'Orb.  Montevideo,  back  of  Cerro.  The 
typical  and  a  large  less  shining  form,  diam.  10  mm. 

Plmwrbis  peregrin  us  d'Orb.     Montevideo,  back  of  Cerro. 

Planorbis  paropseides  d'Orb.  (?).  Creek  in  Prado,  Montevideo. 
Agrees  well  with  d'Orbigny's  description  and  figures,  but  on  ac- 
count of  the  locality  may  be  a  different  species. 

Planorbis  castaneoiiitens  Pils.  &  Van.,  n.  sj>.     Near  Maldonado. 

ANCYLID^E. 

Ancyhis  obli/ji/i/s  Brod.  &  Sowb.  San  Gabriel's  Island,  on  stones 
in  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

The  specimens  vary  considerable  in  degree  of  curvature  of  the 
apex,  but  are  apparently  all  referable  to  this  species,  which  was 
originally  described  from  Chili. 

AMPULLARIIDJE. 

Ampnllaria  neritoides  d'Orb.  La  Plata  River,  San  Gabriel's 
Island,  Uruguay  ;  Uruguay  River  at  Paysandu.  Specimens  with 
the  interior  pure  white  as  well  as  the  usual  purple  form. 

Ampnllaria  canaliculate  Lam.  Rio  de  la  Plata  at  Buenos  Ayres, 
Palenno  and  Ensenada  ;  Parana  near  Rosario  and  at  Paraiso.  The 
specimens  vary  from  true  canaliculata  to  the  varieties  insularum  and 
australis. 

Ampnllaria  sp.  A  small  form,  not  determined,  occurred  in  the 
creek  in  the  Prado,  Montevideo. 

Ampullaria  Roissyi  d'Orb.  Parana  River  near  Rosario,  Santa 
Fe  province,  Argentina. 

Ampullaria  Spixii  d'Orb.  Parana  River  near  Dos  Hermanos 
("  Two  brothers  ")  Island. 

AMNICOLID^E. 

Littoridina  australis  d'Orb.  Creek  in  the  Prado,  and  in  a  small 
spring  back  of  the  Cerro,  Montevideo.  We  follow  the  usual  identi- 
fication in  this  case,  although  not  at  all  sure  of  its  correctness.  The 
larger  specimens  measure  as  much  as  82  mm.  alt. 

Littoridina  ehamutnu  d'Orb.  (?).     San  Gabriel's  Island. 

Littoridina  Isabellei  d'Orb.  (?).  San  Gabriel's  Island,  with  the 
preceding. 


80  THE     NAUTILUS. 

Potamolithua  Riishli  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at  Faysandu, 
Urugua}-. 

Potamolithua  Uierinyl.  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at  Pay- 
sandu,  Uruguay. 

Potamolithua  microthauma  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at 
Paysandu,  Uruguay. 

Potamolithua  Hidalgoi  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at  Pay- 
sandu, Uruguay. 

Potomolithus  dinochihts  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at  Pay- 
sandu, Uruguay. 

Potamolithus  flnsehii  '  Dkr.'  Ffld.  Uruguay  River  at  Paysandu, 
Uruguay  ;  Rio  de  la  Plata  at  San  Gabriel's  Island. 

Potamolithus  tricostatus  Brot.  Uruguay  River  at  Paysandu, 
Uruguay. 

Potamolithua  con  lens  Brot.  Uruguay  River  at  Paysandu,  Uru- 
guay- 

Potamolithus  Orbiyny!  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at  Pay- 
sandu, Uruguay. 

Potamolithua  lajiidnm  d'Orb.     Fray  Beutos. 

Potamolithua  lujiiduin  v.  auperaulcotua  Pilsbry.  Rio  de  la  Plata 
at  San  Gabriel's  Island. 

Potamolithua  Sykexii  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at  Paysandu, 
Uruguay. 

Potamolithus  bisinuatus  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Uruguay  River  at  Pay- 
sandu, Uruguay. 

Potamolithus  bisinuatus  v.  obaoleius  Pils. 

I'lilnmo/ith  n.?  i/raeilia  Pilsbry,  n.  sj).  Uruguay  River  at  Paysandu, 
Uruguay. 

Potamolithua  yntrilis   v.  ririilis  Pils.      Uruguay  River  at  Fray 

Bentos. 

CYKKNID.I;. 

Corbifiifd  HmotM  Maton.     San  Gabriel's  Island. 

Corbicula  coloniensis  Pilsbry,  n.  sp.  Rio  de  la  Plata  above  Colo- 
nia,  Uruguay.  A  larger,  more  trigonal  form  than  the  preceding 
species. 

Sphcerium  sp.  undet.     ('reek  in  the  Prado,  Montevideo. 

Pisidium  sp.  undet. 

Piitliliitm  sp.  undet. 

UNIONID/E. 

Unio  parallelopipedon  Lea.  Rio  de  la  Plata  at  Colonia,  Urn. 
guay. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  81 

Unio  charruana  d'Orb.  Lake  Potrero,  near  Mnldonado,  Uru- 
guay. 

Unio  I'ai'iabilis  Maton.     Uruguay  River  at  Fray  Bentos. 

Unio  perceformis  Lea.  Rio  de  la  Plata  at  Colonia.  The  rug;e  on 
the  posterior  slope  mentioned  by  Lea  as  perhaps  inconstant,  are 
present  in  the  specimens  collected. 

MUTELIIXE. 

Monocondylcea  Pazii  Lea.     Colonia,  Uruguay. 

Monocondylcea  lentiformis  Lea.     Colonia,  Uruguay. 

6  la  bar  is  sirioiies  d'Orb.     Rio  San  Carlos,  Uruguay. 

Glabaris  latomarginatus  Lea  var.  fvlix  Pils.  Colonia,  Uruguay. 

Glabaris  riibiciinda  Lea.  La  Plata  River  at  Colonia,  Uruguay  ; 
Uruguay  River,  Paysandu. 

Glabaris  li/cidus  d'Orb.     La  Plata  River  at  Colonia,  Uruguay. 

Glabaris  trupesialis  var.  eygneiformis  Pils.  Pond  and  a  small 
creek  near  Maldonado. 

Glabaris  trapesialis  var.  exotiais  Lain. 
Anodonta  exotica  Lam.    An.s.  Vert.,  vi,  1819,  p.  87;  Deleasert, 

Rec.  de  Coq.,  pi.  13,  f.  1  (figure  of  type). 

Anodon  scriptus  "  Fer."  Sowb.,  Conch.  Icon.,  pi.  4,  f.  9  (1867). 

It  is  narrower  than  G.  trapesialis,  long,  the  anterior  end  very  nar- 
row, angled  at  end  of  hinge-line;  posterior  muscle-scar  quite  near 
the  sinus  at  edge  of  hinge  ligament,  connected  therewith  by  a  short 
impression. 

Rio  San  Carlos,  Uruguay.  Rather  small  specimens,  but  agreeing 
with  the  figure  of  type  in  Delessert's  Recueil. 

Glabaris  Forbesianns  Lea.  Rio  de  la  Plata,  Colonia,  Uruguay. 
Lea's  figure  was  from  a  deformed  shell,  and  the  specimens  would 
hardly  have  been  recognized  as  Forbesiama  had  it  not  been  for  the 
kindness  of  Mr.  Simpson,  who  compared  with  the  types. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 


[Conducted  in  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conchological  Chapter  of  the  Agassi/.  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 


Members  of  our  Chapter  will  please  bear  in  mind  the  fact  that 
the  annual  reports  are  due  in  December.  We  anticipate  some  fine 
papers  this  year  as  our  members  have  been  enthusiastic  in  their 
study  of  shells. 


82  THE    NAUTILUS. 

Yearly  dues  are  payable  in  December,  and  promptness  in  this  re- 
spect will  be  appreciated  by  the  officers  of  the  Chapter. 

The  annual  election  of  officers  occurs  on  the  last  Wednesday  in 
December.  Officers  to  be  elected  are  the  President  and  General 
Secretary.  Write  the  names  of  your  choice  for  these  two  officers, 
and  send  them  to  the  General  Secretary.  The  present  incumbent 
for  the  last  named  office  declines  re-election,  and  would  suggest  that 
the  office  be  filled  by  a  member  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


EXTRACT  FROM  A  NOTE  BOOK 


[Extract  from  the  report  of  Mrs.  M.  F.  Hradshaw.      From  the  Transactions  of  the 
Isaac  Lea  Couchological  Chapter  for  1895.] 


A  pleasant  ride  through  beds  of  wild  flowers,  sweeping  miles  of 
barley,  or  golden  avenues  of  mustard,  brought  us  to  the  seashore  at 
Newport,  Orange  County,  California.  Here  begins  a  peninsula  of 
several  miles  in  length,  and  in  width  but  a  narrow  strip  of  sand, 
formed  by  the  bay,  into  which  empties  the  Santa  Ana  River.  Our 
destination  was  down  this  strip  some  three  miles  from  the  little 
town. 

The  road  was  on  the  bay  side,  and  low  sand  dunes,  covered  with 
wild  flowers  we  had  never  seen  before,  lay  on  one  side,  on  the  other 
the  muddy  shores  of  the  bay,  literally  covered  with  Cerithidea  fi/i- 
funi  lea. 

In  the  afternoon  we  drove  down  the  hard  beach  on  the  ocean  side 
of  this  narrow  peninsula  for  a  mile  or  more,  then  crossed  over  the 
low  dunes  to  a  little  "lake"  made  by  the  receding  tide  leaving  the 
sand,  or  rather  mud,  dry  all  around  this  little  depression.  Here 
was  our  hunting  ground.  We  proceeded  to  dig  in  the  mud  for  live 
shells  and,  to  my  surprise,  brought  out  not  only  clams  and  scallops 
but  Naticas  and  Muricidte.  And  here  I  found  my  first  Nassa  fegit- 
la.  While  Cerethidea  laid  high  and  dry  and  apparently  dead, 
acres  and  miles  of  them,  the  Nassas  kept  under  the  edge  of  the 
water,  walked  about  quite  lively,  and  when  disturbed  went  quickly 
down  into  the  soft  mud  and  out  of  sight. 

Chorus  belcheri  had  been  taken  out  of  that  pond  in  numbers,  but 
M.  S.  had  exhausted  the  supply  before  we  came,  There  were  a 


THE    NAUTILUS.  83 

dozen  or  more  Ptrronolus  festivus,  about  three  inches  long,  and  they 
were  in  the  bottom  of  the  pond,  under  two  or  three  feet  of  water. 

Moiwcerox  engonatam  and  Conux  californuau  were  raked  out  of 
the  mud  near  the  edge,  though  not  in  great  numbers. 

I  had  always  thought  Muricidre  were  rock  shells,  and  I  won- 
der what  they  were  doing  here  in  this  vile  mud.  Conus  I  have 
found  in  pools  among  the  rocks,  but  only  one  in  a  place  and  never 
but  four. 

Which  is  their  home,  the  muddy  bottom  of  a  bay,  or  the  clear 
pure  pools  among  the  rocks?  I  confess  to  being  disappointed  in 
the  creatures  I  found  living  in  such  a  degraded  way.  Yet  they 
had  beauty  of  color  and  of  form  ;  perhaps  are  more  pleasing  than 
the  same  number  of  the  prettiest  shells  I  could  select  from  those  I 
got  among  the  rocks. 

Crepidulu  rugoxa  was  there  in  great  numbers,  built  into  towers 
and  knots  upon  some  old  valve  of  a  Pecten,  or  even  upon  an  old 
shell  of  their  own  kind.  They  are  not  a  very  dignified  mollusk, 
but  I  had  never  found  any  alive  before,  so  was  glad  to  find  them 
and  learn  their  mode  of  co-operative  house-keeping,  of  which  I  was 
in  ignorance.  Doubtless  every  shell  friend  I  have  knew  this  habit 
of  the  Crepidula,  knew  it  so  well  as  never  to  think  of  mentioning 
it,  though  freely  giving  me  the  shells. 

*  #  *  A  friend  has  awakened  my  interest  in  '•  strays,"  so  I  will 
mention  two  which  came  under  my  observation  on  this  trip.  One 
was  a  Fusus,  three  or  more  inches  long,  which  Mr.  S.  picked  up  on 
the  ocean  beach  near  the  wharf.  It  was  yellow  but  had  been  white, 

1  think. 

The  other  was  a  large  Area,  which  a  lady  who  lives  where  we 
were  stopping  picked  up  on  the  bay  shore.  It  was  dead,  but  the 
two  valves  lay  close  together  ;  was  quite  perfect  but  the  epidermis 
was  all  worn  away.  It  measured  82  inches  ill  circumference  one 
way,  and  nine  inches  the  other  way,  and  the  straight  hinge  line  was 

2  inches.     I  have  nothing  like  it,  so  do  not  know  its  name.     This 
lady  had  lived  there  for  years  but  had  never  found  any  other  like 
it.     She  was  quite  ignorant  of  habitat,  so  had  no  idea  she  had  found 
anything  of  peculiar  interest. 

At  Arch  Beach  I  have  found  two  or  three  small  Area  valves 
among  the  drift,  and  this  past  summer  found  one  valve  about  an 
inch  long,  which  is  similar  to  an  Area  fasciuta  from  Australia. 


84  THE   NAUTILUS. 

Pecten  haatatus  is  now  occasionally  found  at  Newport,  on  the 
ocean  beach.  All  I  have  seen  are  far  more  brilliant  in  color  than 
those  from  Puget  Sound.  They  are  the  richest  shades  of  rose  pink 
and  crimson,  both  valves  alike  or  nearly  so. 


SOME  LAND  SHELLS  OF  MICHIGAN. 


[Extract  from  the  Report  of  Mr.  H.  Smith.      Krom  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac 
Lea  Conchological  Chapter  for  1895.] 


I  live  on  the  bank  of  the  St.  Joseph  River,  about  25  miles  from 
Lake  Michigan.  I  find  here  Helix  thi/roides  Say,  Helix  elevata  Say, 
H.  mnltlineata  Say,  H.  leal  Ward,  H.  hirxutu  Say,  Pat u la  nolitaria 
Say,  P.  alternata  Say,  Pupa  armiferu  Say,  Planorb-is  trivolvis  Say, 
P.  bicarinatus  Say,  P.exaeutus  Say,  Succitieo  ui'ultx  Gould,  Selenites 
concamis  Say,  Campeloma  Integra  Say,  Hynlina  electrina  Gould, 
Pomatiojmis  cineinnatiensls  Lea.  I  am  indebted  to  Prof.  Pilsbry  for 
aid  and  encouragement.  He  identified  a  good  many  of  my  shells 
for  me,  and  advised  me  where  to  get  literature  on  the  subject. 
Prof.  Keep  also  helped  me  and  sent  me  some  specimens. 

I  found  what  might  be  called  a  "  colony  "  of  Patula  alternata  on 
a  big  stone  pile,  they  seemed  very  plentiful  at  that  place,  and  I  did 
not  see  them  anywhere  else.  The  stone  pile  is  gone  now,  and  I 
shall  have  to  look  elsewhere  for  the  pretty  shells.  The  Helix  ele- 
vata I  found  in  a  colony  on  the  steep  river  bank,  under  the  bushes 
among  the  leaves. 


ODOR  OF  SNAILS. 


It  may  not  be  known  to  every  conchologist,  that  some  of  the 
Helices  have  odors  peculiar  to  them. 

We  find  here,  Mesodon ptychophorus,  Patula  strigosa,  P.  .«>titin-i<i, 
Tfiodopsi-  iiinlliniii  van  olueyce  in  the  same  locality.  The  P,ilnl« 
solitaria  has  so  strong  au  odor,  like  Mip/iilis  mephitica,  that  I  sup- 
posed at  first  they  fed  on  Modes  (Symplocarpui)  fatidm.  Always 
the  same  odor  and  at  all  seasons. — MAKY  P.  <  II.SKY. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


VOL.  X.  DECEMBER,  1896.  No.  8 


PURPURA  LAPILLUS,  VAR.  IMBRICATA. 


BY  R.  E.  C.  STEARNS. 


Nearly  sixty  years  ago  I  detected  in  the  interstices  between  the 
granite  blocks  that  formed  the  seawall  on  the  outerside  of  Harrison 
Avenue  in  Boston,  where  said  highway  touches  the  waters  of  the 
South  Cove  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  South  Boston  bridge 
(as  it  then  existed),  numerous  specimens  of  Purpura  lapillus ;  the 
entire  surface  of  all  the  specimens  was  evenly  and  beautifully  im- 
bricated, and  the  specimens  were  of  a  dingy  white  color. 

Here  was  a  colony  quite  distinct  in  sculpture  from  the  usual  ex- 
amples, as  seen  at  numerous  places  along  the  coast  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Boston.  I  compared  them  at  the  time  with  the  series  of 
this  species,  as  exhibited  in  the  table  cases  of  the  Boston  Society  of 
Natural  History  ;  at  that  date  the  museum  of  said  society  contained 
no  examples  with  the  above  sculpture  characteristics,  nor  have  I 
seen  any  since  among  the  hundreds  of  specimens  I  have  collected 
and  handled.  I  made  pen  and  ink  drawings  at  the  time,  but  both 
shells  and  drawings  have  long  since  passed  from  view  and  went, 
perhaps,  to  what  Mr.  Mautalini  called  the  "  demnition  bow-wows." 
It  is  not  at  all  uncommon  to  find  P.  lapillus,  its  varieties  and  allied 
forms,  imbricated,  more  or  less,  but  the  specimens  referred  to  and 
contained  in  my  museum  when  I  was  a  boy,  were  closely  and  evenly 
imbricated  throughout,  over  the  entire  surface. 


86  THE    NAUTILUS. 

NOTES    ON    NEW  SPECIES   OF  AMNICOLID.E   COLLECTED  BY  DR.  RUSH 

IN  URUGUAY. 


BY  H.  A.  PILSBRY. 


Full  descriptions  of  the  new  forms  collected  by  Dr.  Rush  will 
appear  as  soou  as  illustrations  can  be  prepared.  Meantime,  the 
following  notes  on  the  Amnicoline  species  may  be  of  service. 

The  South  American  fresh  water  Hydrobioids  fall  into  three  or 
four  genera:  POTAMOPYRGUS  Stimpson,  apparently  confined  to  the 
extreme  northern  border  of  the  continent,  and  perhaps  to  be  re- 
garded as  a  straggler  from  the  Antillean  and  Middle  American 
fauna.  LITTORIDINA  Eydoux  &  Souleyet,  a  characteristic  South 
American  genus  of  slender,  acute  shells,  usually  called  "  Pa/udes- 
trina,"  "  Hi/drobia  "  or  Heleobia  Stimp.  LYRODES  Doering,  possi- 
bly a  group  subordinate  to  Potumopyrgtis.  LITHOGLYPHUS  of 
authors,  stout  of  figure,  thick  and  strong,  the  American  forms 
with  the  lip  expanded  or  having  an  external  varix,  or  contracted 
by  a  callous  deposit  within  the  posterior  angle  in  fully  adult  exam- 
ples. These  seem  to  me  to  differ  conchologically  from  the  Euro- 
pean types  sufficiently  to  call  for  generic  distinction,  and  the  new 
term 

POTAMOLITHUS 

may  be  applied  to  them.     Type  P.  Ruthi!. 

The  genus  Cochliopa  Stimpson,  with  two  Central  American  spe- 
cies, C.  Ron'elli  Tryon  and  C.  TryoiiuinaT'ils.,  is  like  PotamolUhus in 
the  solidity  of  the  shell,  but  it  is  heliciform  and  umbilicated.  Lucn- 
nopsis  and  Julllenia,  two  Cambodian  genera,  are  evidently  near  akin 
to  the  South  American  Potamollthns  (see  Journ.  de  Conchy  1.  1881, 
p.l). 

The  peculiarly  striking  modifications  of  the  species  of  this  genus 
are  scarcely  paralleled  in  recent  fresh  water  prosobranchs  outside  of 
Lakes  Tanganyika  or  Baikal.  They  cannot  well  be  appreciated 
without  the  aid  of  figures,  which  the  writer  intends  publishing  as 
soon  as  practicable.  Until  then,  the  species  may  be  discriminated 
by  the  following  diagnoses,  which  for  more  ready  reference  have 
been  cast  into  the  form  of  a  key.  The  characters  of  previously 
known  species  are  much  abridged. 

I.  Columella  with  a  longitudinal  groove  or  pit;    outer  lip  with  a 
strong  varix. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  87 

«.  Depressed  ;  periphery  with  a  strong,  cord-like  keel  ;  back 
of  body  whorl  gibbous  below  suture;  umbilical  area  mod- 
erate or  large,  bounded  by  a  keel.  Alt.  5'2,  diaru.  6  mm. 

P.  RUSHII  n.  sp. 

««.  Globose,  without  keels  ;  periphery  rounded  ;  no  ridge  or 
hump  on  the  back  ;  umbilical  area  small,  with  angular 
edge  ;  yellowish  or  olivaceous-brown,  unicolored  or  with 
subsutural  and  superperipheral  green  bands.  Alt.  5,  diam. 
5'4  mm.  P.  IHERINGI  n.  sp. 

II.  No  groove  on  face  of  the  columella. 

a.  With  5  or  6  spiral  keels,  all,  or  the  upper  two  with  acute 
tubercles  :  operculum  with  several  whorls.  Alt.  8-9,  diam. 

10  mm.  P.  MULTICARINATUS  Mill. 

an.  Shell  carinated  or  angulate,  without  tubercles. 

b.  Peripheral  keel  visible  on  the  penultimate  as  well  as 
the  last  whorl  ;  lip  expanded  or  varixed. 
e.  Trochoidal,    with  acutely,  straightly  conic   spire, 
compressed  median  peripheral  keel,  a  small  sub- 
sutural cariiia.  and  a  basal  keel  defining  a  very 
large  umbilical  tract.     Aperture  much  contracted, 
the  lip  varix  very  high,  recurved  above  periphery, 
the  highest  point  of  recurved  lobe  connected  with 
lip-edge  by  a  short  oblique  rib.      Alt.  5'2,  diam. 

(J  mm.  P.  Mlf'ROTHAUMA  n.  sp. 

cc.  Trochoidal,  with  high  conic  spire  and  flattened 
base  and  acute  peripheral  keel  ;  surface  smooth 
above  and  below  the  keel,  whorls  flat  above,  the  base 
slightly  convex  ;  umbilical  area  very  narrow,  in- 
conspicuous ;  lip  varix  narrow,  near  the  lip  edge. 
Alt.  5,  diam.  5  mm.  P.  HIDALGOI  n.  sp. 

ccc.    Elevated    turbinate,    with    an    acute   peripheral 

keel,  convex  above  and  below  it ;    lip  expanded. 

Alt.  5,  diam.  5  mm.  P.  PERISTOMATUS  Orb. 

bb.  Peripheral  keel  or  angle  concealed  on  the  penultimate 

whorl. 

c.  Lip  varix  very  strong,  recurved  above  ;  periphery 
hardly  angular,  base  convex,  back  of  body  whorl 
with  a  spiral  rib  below  the  suture  ;  aperture  much 
contracted  ;  no  columellar  area  defined.  Alt.  5, 
diam.  5*  mm.  P.  DINOCHILUS  n.  sp. 


THE    NAUTILUS. 

cc.  Varix,  expansion  or  contraction  of  the  lip  rather 
weak  or  inconspicuous. 

il.  Keeled  or  angular  at  the  basal  periphery, 

rounded  or  flattened  above  the  keel. 

f.  Columella  wide  and   heavy ;    alt.    4'6, 

diam.  4'4  ram.     P.  BUSCHII  '  Dkr.'  Ffld. 

ee.  Columella  narrow  ;    alt.  4'3,  diam.  3'2 

mm.  P.  CONICUS  Brot 

<ld.  Body  whorl  squarish,  the  angles  rounded  ; 

Columella  rather  wide;  umbilical  crescent 

defined   by  a  carina ;    lip  with    a   narrow 

varix.     Alt.  5.  diam.  4£  mm. 

P.  ORBIGNYI  n.  sp. 

ddd.  A  carina  at  the  basal  periphery,  and  two 
approximate  keels  on  the  back  above. 

P.   TRICOSTATUS  Brot. 

dddd.  Periphery  and  base  well  rounded  ;  a  wide 
shallow  sulcus  or  two  low  carina1  on  the 
back  above.  Alt.  5'5,  diam.  4'8  mm. 

P.  LAPIDUM  SUPERSULCATl'S  II.  V. 

aaa.  Whorls  rounded,  without  spiral  keels,  angles  or  sulci. 

b.  Globose  or  globose-conic  ;  peristome  not  nicked  or  sin- 
uous. 

c.  Not  banded ;  last  whorl  rounded  ;  aperture 
slightly  contracted  P.  LAPIDUM  Orb. 

cc.  3-handed  :  lip  and  columella  thin. 

P.  PETITIANUS  Orb. 
bl>.  Ovate,  the  outer  or  basal  lip  sinuous  or  nicked. 

c.  Outer  lip  expanded  or  flaring,  its  face  thickened, 
with  two  or  three  nicks  or  sinuses.  Alt.  5,  diam. 
4-3  mm.  P.  SYKESII  u.  sp. 

cc.  Outer  lip  thin,  unexpanded. 

d.  Outer  lip  produced  in  a  broad  tongue  or 
lobe,  a  deep  rounded  sinus  above  and 
below.  Alt  5,  diam.  4  mm. 

P.  BISINUATUS  n.  sp. 
dd.  Similar,  but  the  upper  sinus  obsolete. 

P.  JilSINUATUS  OBSOLETUS  n.  V. 

ddd.  Much  more  slender  ;  outer  lip  retracted  at 
insertion  above,  sinused  at  base.  Alt.  4'6, 
diam.  o'l  mm.  P.  GRACILIS  u.  sp. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  89 

dddrl.  Similar,  but  with  a  rounded  sinus  in  the 
outer  lip  above  ;  green. 

P.  GRACILIS  VIRIDIS  n.  V. 

The  operculum  of  P.  miiltii-arlnatus  Miller  has  more  whorls  than 
those  of  the  other  species,  and  may  eventually  be  placed  in  a  new 
genus. 

P.  bisiiiuat'iis  might  be  regarded  as  an  immature  stage  of  P. 
Sykesii  were  it  not  that  until  the  lip  expansion  of  the  latter  is  fully 
developed  no  trace  of  sinuation  occurs,  the  sinuses  being  developed 
in  the  thickened  margin  beyond  the  expansion. 

The  variety  of  P.  lapidum  described  and  figured  by  Strobel 
(Mater.  Malac.  Argent.)  from  a  single  shell,  does  not  seem  to  have 
sufficiently  tangible  characters  for  recognition  as  distinct  from  typi- 
cal lapidum. 

P.  diiiochilus  closely  resembles  P.  microthauma  in  characters  of 
the  lip  varix  and  aperture,  and  it  may  possibly  prove  to  be  a  form 
of  that  species  when  extensive  series  of  each  are  collected  ;  but  the 
other  features  of  the  shells  are  so  strikingly  different  and  so  con- 
stant in  the  series  before  me,  that  their  union  would  not  be  justified 
with  present  knowledge. 

Certain  forms  of  P.  Bmhii  have  two  weak  keels  on  the  back  and 
offer  an  approach  to  P.  tricostatus,  and  the  two  may  prove  to  be 
specifically  the  same,  although  proof  is  lacking  that  this  is  the  case. 
In  P.  Buschii  the  keels  or  sulcus  on  the  back  are  weaker  when 
present,  the  umbilical  crescent  is  larger  and  angular,  and  the  form 
less  elevated.1 

1  Since  the  above  table  has  been  in  type,  I  have  received  Mr.  E.  R.  Sykes' 
notes  on  certain  species  which  he  was  so  kind  as  to  compare  at  my  request, 
with  d'Orbigny's  types  in  the  B.  M.  "  Potatnolitlms  lapidum.  Compared  with  the 
typical  series  your  shells  differ  a  bit  in  the  aperture  being  somewhat  pyriform, 
while  those  of  the  museum  series  are  more  rounded.  Still  they  are,  I  think, 
the  same  species.  There  is  only  one  tablet,  and  this  contains  one  of  your  var- 
iety \_stifersulcattis]  mingled  with  the  rest,  as  also  one  specimen  which  is  not 
the  same  species  but  may  be  Pctitiana. 

"  P.  Sykesii.  I  think  that  this  is  only  a  form  of  Petitiana ;  there  are  how- 
ever only  two  specimens,  both  immature,  of  this  last  species  in  the  museum." 
[1  had  supposed  d'Orbigny's  shells  were  mature,  and  therefore  separated 
Sykesii  on  the  ground  of  its  peculiar  peristome.  It  remains  to  be  seen  whether 
adult  Pctitiana  will  prove  to  have  the  same  characters,  but  I  agree  with  Mr. 
Sykes  that  it  is  likely]. 

P.  gracilis.  This  is  distinct  from  ficinm,  which  is  a  thinner  and  slighter- 
built  species,  [and  does  not  show  the  same  apertural  characters.] 


90  THE   NAUTILI'S. 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SOME  NEW  SHELLS   FROM  THE  NEW  HEBRIDES 
ARCHIPELAGO. 


BY    C.    F.    ANCEY. 


Endodonta  i?i  tenuiscripta  Ane. 

Shell  ranch  depressed,  lenticular,  very  sharply  keeled  at  the  peri- 
phery, thin,  not  much  shining,  of  a  somewhat  silky  appearance, 
openly  but  very  widely  umbilicated.  Spire  convex,  apex  obtuse, 
with  ")  regularly  and  slowly  increasing  whorls,  barely  convex  and 
furnished  with  a  linear  and  appressed  suture,  the  last  one  slightly 
impressed  above  and  below  the  very  acute  keel,  slightly  convex 
above,  more  so  beneath.  Umbilicus  circular,  exhibiting  all  the  volu- 
tion (1-j  mill,  wide),  surrounded  by  a  very  obtuse  angle.  Aperture 
rather  oblique,  securiform,  somewhat  sinuous,  very  much  angular  at 
the  end  of  the  carina,  not  deflexed  in  front.  Margins  distant 
scarcely  connected  by  a  very  thin  shining  deposit.  Sculpture  very 
fine,  consisting  of  oblique  and  very  fine  crowded  lines  of  growth. 
Color  fulvous,  with  numerous  fine  and  irregular  stripes  of  a  brown 
tint,  larger  on  the  last  whorl. 

Greater  diam.  fii,  less.  6,  height  3  mill. 

Island  of  Mallicolo,  New  Hebrides  (E.  L.  Layard). 

This  shell  is  evidently  related  to  my  Put  aid  Glistoni,  described 
several  years  ago  from  the  same  group  of  islands.  According  to 
Mr.  Pilsbry's  new  arrangement,  this  should  perhaps  be  rightly  located 
in  Endodonta  with  the  species  now  considered,  unless  it  may  eventu- 
ally prove  to  belong  to  Flammulina.  E.  teimi^i-fi/iln  is  a  very 
beautiful  little  shell,  recalling  the  Hawaiian  E.  An»r/A<->/  which  is 
very  much  like  it,  but  wanting  internal  lamina?.  It  looks  like  a 
small  Trochomorpha  and  especially  Pararhytida  on  a  very  small 
scale,  but  is  perhaps  nearer  to  Crosse's  Hi'lix  trirhocoiiu'i,  from  New 
Caledonia. 

From  its  ally,  Patula  Glissoni,  found  in  the  island  of  Vate,  New- 
Hebrides,  it  may  be  easily  distinguished  from  its  larger  size,  much 
more  acute  keel,  different  style  of  color,  planulate  whorls  and  other 
differences. 

Melania  vatensis  Am-. 

Shell  imperforate,  turrited,  somewhat  shining,  rather  solid,  fulvous 
with  irregular  and  more  or  less  interrupted  longitudinal  brown 
stripes  and  dots  and  lighter  suture  on  the  two  last  whorls.  Ground 
color  frequently  more  obscure  at  the  base.  Spire  long,  pointed, 


THE    NAUTILUS.  91 

entire,  conic,  with  very  regular  outlines.  Wliorls  12-13,  convex, 
regularly  increasing,  furnished  with  small  warts,  becoming  obsolete 
at  the  base  of  each  whorl  and  disappearing  on  the  two  last  ones  and 
sculptured  with  fine  incised  spiral  sulci  more  crowded  towards  the 
base  of  the  shell.  Suture  impressed,  canaliculate  on  the  last  volu- 
tions. Body  whorl  broadly  oval,  rounded,  often  more  convex  below 
its  middle.  Aperture  oval,  angular  above,  not  much  effuse  nor 
oblique,  scarcely  sinuous,  livid  within.  Columellar  edge  thick, 
regularly  arched.  Operculum  as  usual  in  the  genus. 

Long.  30,  breadth  10,  height  of  aperture  9  mill. 

Island  of  Vate,  New  Hebrides  (E.  L.  Layard). 

This  has  been  submitted  for  identification  to  Dr.  A.  Brot,  the 
regretted  author  of  many  papers  on  Me/aniang  and  he  wrote  me  that 
he  received  the  same  shell  from  Dr.  W.  D.  Hartnian  under  the 
erroneous  name  of  Melanin  ntnriei  Gass.  He  was  unacquainted 
with  the  shell  from  Vate  and  thought  it  may  prove  to  be  an  un- 
ilcscribed  species,  so  that  I  venture  to  give  a  name  to  it,  under  Dr. 
Brot's  undisputed  authority. 

Neritina  coccinea  Anc. 

Shell  solid,  oblong,  not  shining,  reddish-yellow,  without  markings, 
tinged  with  orange  near  the  aperture,  finely  striated,  not  spirally 
.sculptured,  convex  but  not  globose.  Spire  distinct,  obtuse,  lateral, 
entire,  consisting  of  two  whorls  only,  very  rapidly  increasing,  the 
last  one  very  large,  transversely  oval.  Suture  linear.  Aperture 
oblique,  with  the  superior  edge  long  and  elliptical  connected  with 
the  basal  by  a  large  flat  and  thick  callosity  of  a  dull  whitish  or  livid 
color.  Margins  not  remote.  Outer  margin  acute.  Septal  area 
without  teeth.  Operculum  red,  thin. 

Diam.  6-1,  height  5,  do.  of  aperture  4;  mill. 

Island  of  Vate,  New  Hebrides  (E.  L.  Layard). 

This  very  pretty  little  species  is  quite  different  from  any  one  I 
know  of.  It  may  perhaps  be  allied  to  Pease's  rubida,  from  Tahiti, 
but  is  very  much  larger. 


NEW  AMERICAN  UNIO. 


BY  WM.  A.  MARSH,  ALEDO,  MERCER  CO.,  ILLINOIS. 


Unio  Askewi,  new  specie?. 

Shell  smooth,  subrotund,  somewhat  inflated,  inequilateral  ;  sides 
slightly  constricted,  rounded  before,  subtruncate  posteriorly,  with 


92  THE    NAUTILUS. 

or  without  rays,  rays  obscured.  Substance  of  the  shell  thick  and 
solid  ;  beaks  small,  with  a  few  rather  coarse,  concentric  undulations  ; 
ligament  rather  long  and  dark  brown  ;  epidermis  reddish-brown  ; 
growth  lines  rather  coarse  and  slightly  raised  ;  umbonial  slope 
obtusely  angular;  posterior  slope  angular,  with  a  raised  ridge 
from  beaks  to  posterior  end,  slightly  biaugulated  ;  cardinal  teeth 
large,  erect,  compressed  and  corrugate ;  lateral  teeth  short  and 
slightly  curved;  anterior  cicatrices  distinct  and  deep;  posterior 
cicatrices  distinct;  cavity  of  the  shell  deep;  cavity  of  the  beaks 
moderately  deep  ;  nacre  white  or  rose-color;  soft  parts  unknown. 

Habitat:  Village  Creek,  Hardin  Co.,  Texas;  Sabiue  River, 
Texas. 

This  shell  seems  to  be  between  U.  beadleianus  Lea  and  U.  ch'n-ka- 
sawheiisis  Lea,  and  bears  some  resemblance  to  U.  cJinnii  Lea.  It  is 
more  triangular  than  U.  beadleicmns,  and  more  solid,  with  a  differ- 
ent epidermis  and  teeth  ;  it  is  much  more  inflated  and  more  angular 
posteriorly  than  chickasawhensis,  and  it  differs  in  being  less  heavy 
in  the  beaks  and  in  the  outline  of  the  shell. 

One  specimen  was  received  many  years  ago  from  Mr.  A.  G. 
Wetherby,  from  Village  Creek,  Hardin  Co.,  Texas,  and  many  speci- 
mens, lately,  from  Mr.  H.  G.  Askew,  of  Austin,  Texas,  who  is  an 
earnest  worker  in  this  family  of  shells,  and  in  whose  honor  I  name 
this  shell. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT. 


[Conducted  in  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conchological  Chapter  of  Hie  Aj-iis.siz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 


Kindly  bear  in  mind  the  fact  that  this  is  the  month  when  our  re- 
ports are  due,  also  annual  dues  and  election  of  officers,  as  noted  in 
the  November  issue  of  THE  NAUTILUS.  The  tardiness  of  some  of 
our  members  in  reporting  last  year  delayed  the  issue  of  our  volume 
of  Transactions.  Some  of  our  members  are  always  prompt  in  re- 
porting, and  the  General  Secretary  appreciates  their  readiness  to 
conform  with  the  rules  of  the  Cha/iti •/•. 


[From  the  report  of  Miss  Nelson.      From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conch- 
ological Chapter  for  1895.] 


My  interest  in  shells  dates  as  far  back  as  I  can  remember,  when 
my  brother  and  I  played  on  the   banks  of  the  stream  at  our  old 


THE    NAUTILUS.  93 

home,  and  gathered  a  good  many  varieties  of  fresh-water  and  land 
shells  which  I  have  always  kept. 

Ill-health  has  prevented  my  doing  much  collecting  the  past  year, 
and  my  attempted  exchanges  have  been  unfortunate  in  almost  every 
case.  However,  I  do  not  consider  a  "collection  "  the  most  import- 
ant part  of  any  study,  though  I  must  confess  it  adds  pleasure  to  it. 
Last  July  I  very  much  enjoyed  the  class  in  conchology  taught  by 
Mrs.  Shepard,  and  found  profit  also. 

I  spent  one  afternoon  capturing  what  mollusks  I  could  besiege  in 
their  homes  in  the  sand  and  mud  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  above 
Alamitos,  stopping  long  enough  at  "  Devil's  Gate"  to  waylay  with 
a  hatchet  a  few  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  soft  rock,  such  as  Phola- 
didea,  penita  Conr.,  and  Platyodon  c.ancell.atus  Conr.  Nassa  tegula 
Rve.,  Cerithidea  sacra ta  Gld.  were  enjoying  a  promenade  on  the 
mud,  and  it  seemed  a  pity  to  end  their  happiness,  unless  I  accept 
the  belief  of  Agassiz,  Cuvier  and  others  in  the  immortality  of 
animals. 

I  noticed  a  good  many  small  holes  in  the  sand,  some  with  little 
mounds  around  them,  like  those  made  in  the  earth  by  some  of  the 
insect  world,  and,  I  found,  on  excavating  them,  that  some  of  my 
little  molluscan  friends  were  at  the  bottom  of  the  contrivance  for 
breathing.  I  brought  to  light  Donax  flexuosm  Gld.,  Liocardium 
substriatum,  Lyonsia  californica  Conr.  and  Heterodonax  bimaculatm 
D'Orb. 


HENRY  D.  VAN  NOSTRAND. 


It  is  with  regret  that  we  record  the  death  of  Mr.  Henry  D.  Van 
Nostrand,  which  occurred  at  his  residence  in  Glen  Ridge,  N.  J.,  on 
the  morning  of  the  8th  of  October. 

Mr.  Van  Nostrand  was  born  in  New  York  City  about  73  years 
ago,  and  was  long  actively  engaged  there  in  mercantile  business  as 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  J.  &  H.  Van  Nostrand,  wholesale  grocers, 
which  was  founded  near  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  by  his 
father. 

Early  in  life  he  became  interested  in  the  study  of  conchology, 
and  began  a  collection  of  shells  which  will  rank  with  some  of  the 
best  private  collections  in  the  country.  The  nucleus  of  it  was  that 
of  the  late  John  A.  Redfield,  which  he  purchased  from  Mr.  Redfield 
about  40  years  ago. 


94  THE   NAUTILUS. 

Until  within  a  few  years,  Mr.  Van  Nostrand  resided  at  Green- 
ville, near  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  where  he  was  a  prominent  and  highly 
esteemed  citizen.  There,  in  his  beautiful  and  hospitable  home  on 
the  shore  of  New  York  Bay,  he  entertained  many  noted  concholo- 
gists,  including  the  great  collector,  Hugh  Cunning. 

He  was  one  of  the  earliest  members  of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of 
Natural  History,  and  among  his  intimate  associates  were  Messrs. 
Redfield,  W.  G.  Binney,  Robt.  Swift,  Wheatley  and  Haines,  luit  his 
closest  friend  was  the  late  Thomas  Bland,  for  whom  he  had  a  most 
affectionate  regard  which  was  reciprocated  by  that  distinguished 
naturalist.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Bland,  Mr.  Van  Nostrand 
raised  a  fund  to  provide  for  the  monument  which  now  marks  his 
grave  in  Greenwood  Cemetery,  Brooklyn,  near  thatof  Mr.  Redfield. 
He  frequently  expressed  to  the  writer  his  affection  for  the  memory 
of  his  deceased  friend,  and  only  a  short  while  before  his  death 
planned  a  visit  to  Mr.  Eland's  grave,  which  he  was  not  able  to 
carry  out. 

Mr.  Van  Nostrand's  cabinet  is  rich  in  many  families,  both  marine 
and  terrestrial,  particularly  so  in  cones,  olives,  volutes,  cyprteas  and 
mitras.  It  also  contains  the  larger  and  better  portion  of  the  Bland 
collection  of  West  Indian  land  shells,  the  labels  of  which  are  in 
the  hand-writing  of  Mr.  Bland.  It  also  contains  many  choice  speci- 
mens obtained  from  the  Perry  Expedition.  It  is  to  be  regretted 
that  Mr.  Van  Nostrand  made  no  provision  for  the  disposition  of 
this  truly  valuable  collection  which  should  adorn  some  one  of  our 
great  public  institutions.  Several  species  of  shells  have  been  named 
in  his  honor,  among  them  Helix  Van  Nostrundi  Bland,  of  our 
southern  States. 

A  gentleman  of  the  old  school,  a  kind  and  generous  friend,  he 
will  be  missed  and  his  memory  cherished  by  those  whose  good  for- 
tune it  was  to  know  him. — S.  RAYMOND  ROBEKTS. 


[COMMUNICATED.] 
THE  AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 


A  number  of  representative  members  of  the  American  Association 
of  Conchologists  in  various  parts  of  the  country,  having  expressed 
their  desire  to  renew  the  activity  of  the  Association,  the  initiative 
was  taken  bv  a  gentleman  of  Philadelphia,  not  a  former  officer, 


THE   NAUTILUS.  95 

who  invited  several  of  bis  brother  conchologists  to  meet  at  his  board 
to  discuss  the  outlook. 

As  some  readers  are  not  aware  of  the  circumstances,  it  may  be  well 
to  state  that  the  Association  was  originated  in  1-S90,  for  the  purpose 
of  encouraging  and  advancing  conchological  study  in  America  by 
concerted  effort  and  mutual  assistance.  It  rapidly  attained  a  much 
larger  membership  than  its  originators  had  anticipated  ;  and  the  cor- 
respondence of  the  President  and  other  officers  became  so  large  as  to 
be  a  serious  burden.  Moreover,  the  original  articles  or  "  constitu- 
tion "  stated  that  there  were  to  be  no  membership  dues,  so  that  the 
expense  to  the  officers  named  for  postage,  etc.,  was  not  inconsider- 
able. 

Although  the  pages  of  the  NAUTILUS  were  freely  used  for  Associa- 
tion communications,  it  was  found  necessary  to  print  lists  of  the 
members,  their  addresses  and  specialties,  for  general  use.  This 
expense  was  met  by  the  officers  on  the  first  occasion,  and  the  second 
list  was  printed  by  generous  subscriptions  from  various  members 
throughout  the  country. 

These  conditions,  together  with  business  engagements  and  ill 
health  which  prevented  the  first  President  of  the  Association  from 
continuing  to  give  his  time  in  the  generous  measure  required,  led 
to  the  present  inactive  condition  of  the  Association. 

So  much  for  the  past.  With  these  conditions  in  view,  it  was  the  un- 
animous judgment  of  the  assembled  conchologists  that  "Rule  3"  of 
the  former  by-laws  should  be  stricken  out,  and  an  annual  member- 
ship fee  of  (say)  $1.00  be  fixed,  to  defray  expenses  of  the  Association, 
such  as  postage,  printing  of  Reports,  to  contain  lists  of  members, 
Treasurers'  statements,  and  information  useful  to  the  membership  at 
large. 

Should  this  meet  with  the  approval  of  the  members,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  elect  a  Treasurer,  not  originally  provided  for  by  the 
rules.  It  is  believed  that  these  modifications,  by  providing  ample 
means  for  communication  between  members,  will  lead  to  a  renewed 
and  healthy  growth  of  the  Association. 

All  members  of  the  Association  are  requested  to  consider  the  con- 
ditions above  set  forth,  and  freely  submit  their  views  thereon  to  the 
Secretary,  (Charles  W.  Johnson,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science, 
Philadelphia),  who  will  report  the  same  at  a  meeting  of  the  Associa- 
tion to  be  held  at  the  call  of  the  officers,  date  to  be  announced  here- 
after, to  pass  upon  these  amendments  to  the  Rules.  It  is  desired 


96  THE    NAUTILUS. 

that  such  communications  be  sent  before  the  20th  of  the  present 
month. 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


CHOANOPOMA  (CTENOPOMA)  BAHAMENSE  SHUTT.  AT  KEY 
WEST. — When  at  Key  West,  some  years  ago,  Dr.  \Ym.  H.  Rush, 
U.  S.  N.,  collected  specimens  of  a  small  land  operculate  which  he 
found  living  with  Chondropoma  dentatum.  The  species  proves  to  be 
C.  bahamense,  described  from  the  island  of  New  Providence.  Com- 
pared with  specimens  from  that  locality,  the  Key  West  shells  are 
smaller — alt.  8-9,  diameter  4i-5  mm. — but  identical  in  sculpture  and 
form.  It  is  a  light,  fleshy-yellowish  shell,  with  quite  indistinct 
narrow  interrupted  bands  of  well- separated  brownish  dots,  closely 
longitudinally  ribbed,  but  not  latticed,  having  no  fine  spiral  sculpture, 
only  coarse,  very  low  revolving  sculpture,  hardly  visible  on  most 
specimens  except  around  the  umbilicus.  The  lip  is  flat  and  there 
is  a  little  reflexed  "  hood  "  above  the  upper  angle  of  aperture  in 
fully  mature  shells.  Operculum  calcareous,  with  tangential  lamellre. 
It  is  easily  separated  from  C.  dentatum  by  the  lack  of  decussated 
sculpture.  This  is  a  species  new  to  the  United  States  fauna. 

-H.A.P. 

LTMN.'EA  EULIMOIDES  Lr.A  RESISTING  DROUGHT.— Specimens  of 
a  very  short-spired  form  of  this  species  were  lately  received  from 
Mr.  Geo.  H.  Clapp,  with  the  following  note:  "  They  were  collected 
by  my  cousin,  Geo.  H.  Pepper,  from  a  water-hole  that  appeared  to 
be  dry  most  of  the  year,  near  Farmington,  New  Mexico,  on  Septem- 
ber 20,  1896,  and  reached  me,  packed  in  cotton,  on  October  5.  On 
the  4th  of  this  month  (November)  I  dropped  them  into  warm  water 
to  soak  them  loose  from  the  cotton,  and  about  two  dozen  out  of  50 
or  more  came  to  life.  They  had  been  ottl  oj  mil,:,-  ',:>  </»//.-• .'  The 
shells  spend  nearly  as  much  time  out  of  the  water  as  in  it,  frequently 
crawling  to  the  top  of  the  glass  in  which  I  keep  thum."  Out  of  4 
specimens  sent  alive,  packed  .in  dry  cotton,  one  revived  at  once 
upon  being  placed  in  water,  after  an  additional  journey,  dry,  from 
the  6th  to  the  9th  of  November.  The  survivor  has  a  translucent  or 
almost  water-colored  body,  closely  peppered  with  opaque  white  ; 
eyes  black  ;  tentacles  opaque  white  ;  a  dark  stripe  on  back  starting 
between  tentacles.  With  the  Limnseas  were  some  of  the  little  bi- 
valve Pliyllopod  crustacean,  EstJierln  inr.c'muni  Clans. — II.  A.  P. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


VOL.  X.  JANUARY,  1897.  No.  9 


TO  CONCHOLOGISTS 


'•The  night  is  starry  and  cold,  my  friend, 
And  the  New  Year  bright  and  bold,  my  friend, 
Comes  up  to  take  his  own." 

NINETY-SIX  lias  rolled  by,  aud  with  it  THE  NAUTILUS  almost 
completes  another  volume.  We  had  hoped  to  tell  you  at  this  festal 
season  that  conditions  were  becoming  more  favorable  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  NAUTILUS  in  northern  latitudes.  The  NAUTILUS  is 
all  right  in  deep  water,  but  the  cold  winter  winds  of  adversity  seem 
to  be  too  much  for  it,  aud  by  April  it  is  usually  ashore  and  pretty 
well  broken  up.  The  editors  come  to  its  rescue,  and  with  paper 
sails,  on  which  there  is  a  little  printing,  writing  and  a  few  figures, 
start  it  again  on  its  yearly  voyage.  But  the  editors  are  getting 
tired  of  furnishing  sails.  We  don't  mind  putting  them  on — in  fact, 
we'll  do  all  the  work  cheerfully,  only  give  us  the  material. 

We  are  not  asking  for  a  gift,  but  merely  suggesting  to  you  that 
to  pay  the  price  of  a  year's  subscription,  now  due,  is  not  only  a  sea- 
sonable action  on  your  part,  but  a  positively  meritorious  one  as  well. 

Our  editorial  of  last  January  seems  to  have  been  taken  as  a  joke, 
judging  by  the  results  in  hard  cash.  We  do  assure  you,  friends, 
"this  is  no  joke."  THE  NAUTILUS  is  ashore  now.  Are  you  going  to 
help  it  out  of  the  breakers  ?  Is  the  tenth  voyage  to  be  the  last  ?  It 
depends  upon  you. 

We  wish  you  all  a  Happy  New  Year. 

H.  A.  P.  &  C.  W.  J. 


98  THE   NAUTILUS. 

NOTES  ON  THE  LAND  SHELLS  OF  QUEBEC  CITY  AND  DISTRICT. 


BY  A.  W.  HANHAM. 


In  this  district  the  Isle  d'Orleans  may  be  considered  the  only  rich 
collecting  ground  in  species;  all  the  following,  with  one  or  two  ex- 
ceptions, having  been  taken  there,  while  many  of  the  small  species 
have  not  been  observed  elsewhere.  The  other  good  localities  in  the 
district  are :  St.  Joseph's  (deLevis)  for  Yitrina,  VuUonia,  and  Ver- 
tir/o ;  St.  Romauld's  for  Polyyyra  and  Vertigo;  the  Plains  of  Abra- 
ham for  the  introduced  Helices,  ribbed  Vullvnia,  and  Pupu  urntifcm 
Say,  and  a  ravine  off  the  River  St.  Charles,  near  the  city,  for  Vit- 
i-l.iui,  some  of  the  Zonites  and  Snccinea. 

It  may  be  stated  here  that  the  Isle  d'Orleans  lies  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, about  five  miles  below  the  city.  The  island  is  twenty-one 
miles  long  by  one  or  two  broad,  and  during  the  summer  months 
there  is  a  regular  ferry  service  ;  only  a  few  miles  of  the  end  nearest 
the  landing  have  been  worked. 

On  May  25, 1893,  the  clay  after  my  return  from  Barachois,  Gaspt', 
I  distributed  nearly  fifty  young  H.  hortensis  L.  (from  a  quarter-  to 
a  half-grown)  along  the  top  of  the  cliff  bordering  the  Plains  of 
Abraham;  this  is  where  both  H.  cuntinna  Mont,  and  H.  ruj',  xo  ,/>• 
Peun.  seem  to  thrive.  On  July  29  I  noticed  two  full-grown  speci- 
mens, both  the  plain  yellow  form,  and,  on  September  15,  another, 
this  one  banded.  I  see  no  reason  why  this  locality  and  climate 
should  not  suit  H.  kartell.*!*  L.,  as  it  has,  without  doubt,  the  other 
introduced  species.  I  have  a  record  of  this  Helix  being  taken  as 
far  as  far  up  the  St.  Lawrence  as  Little  Metis. 

Selenitex  concava  Say.     Local,  throughout  the  district. 

Lima.c  agrestis  Mull.     Common. 

Liina.f  i-in/tjirxlrix  Binn.     Rather  local. 

J.iiiin.r  sp.  Rare ;  in  two  or  three  places  only  (Lake  Beauport 
and  Isle  d'Orleans). 

Vitrina  limpida  Gould.  Taken  in  three  localities  only  :  abund- 
ant under  cliff  close  to  the  St.  Lawrence  River  at  St.  Joseph's ;  a 
small  colony  near  St.  Romauld's,  and  some  fine  ones  from  the  hanks 
of  creek  running  into  the  river  at  St.  Charles. 

Zonitca  felliu-iiis  Miill.  In  drift  on  Isle  d'Orleans,  and  a  few  up 
the  St.  Charles  River.  None  living,  but  many  shells  containing  the 
animal. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  99 

Zonites  nitidus  Mull.  Quite  rare,  a  few  from  banks  of  creek,  St. 
Charles  River. 

Zunites  arboreus  Say.     Plentiful,  but  not  often  in  good  condition. 

Zonites  radiatufiis  Aider.     Plentiful. 

Zonites  binneyanus  Morse.    Well-distributed,  but  never  abundant. 

Zonites  f err eus  Morse.     Both  rare  and  local. 

Zonites  exiguus  Stimpson.  Woods,  Isle  d'Orleans,  very  abundant. 
.  Zonites  fulvus  Drap.  Fairly  abundant. 

Zonites  multidentatus  Binn.     Isle  d'Orleans  only  ;  rare. 

Tebennophorus  earolinlensis  Bosc.     Occasional. 

J'l/ramidula  alternata  Say.  Widely  distributed,  but  only  common 
on  side  of  cliff,  Isle  d'Orleans. 

Pyramidula  striatella  Anth.     Common  everywhere. 

Pi/ramidula  asteriscns  Morse.  Plentiful  in  a  piece  of  swampy 
wood,  Isle  d'Orleans,  area  of  distribution  very  limited,  and  no  trace 
elsewhere  in  district.  I  got  a  good  supply  of  these  shells  by  taking 
home  a  quantity  of  dead  leaves  and  debris,  and  sifting  them  during 
the  winter  evenings. 

Helieodiseus  lineatus  Say.  Rather  abundant  under  accumula- 
tions of  dead  leaves  in  damp  woods. 

Acanthinula  harpa  Say.  Exceedingly  commou  in  a  small,  rather 
dry  clearing  (covered  with  a  little  low  bush  and  bracken)  between 
woods,  Isle  d'Orleans.  Eearly  one  morning,  after  a  very  damp 
night,  Mr.  Latchford  took  a  number  off  the  trunks  of  the  small  trees 
in  this  clearing.  On  mainland,  traces  found  in  two  widely  separated 
localities. 

Punctum pygmceum  Drap.     Fairly  commou. 

Helix  rufescens  Penn.  Very  abundant  throughout  the  city,  espe- 
cially on  the  cliffs  and  city  walls.  Extends  along  the  cliff  some  dis- 
tance up  the  St.  Lawrence ;  a  large  colony  noticed  at  St.  Sauveur ; 
a  few  up  River  St.  Charles,  and  a  small  colony  on  the  Isle  d'Orleans, 
close  to  the  ferry  landing.  Recorded  from  Levis  by  the  Abbe 
Begin.  This  species  appears  to  be  spreading  rapidly. 

Helix  cantiana  Mont.  Common  on  cliff  bordering  Plains  of 
Abraham  and  extending  to  the  citadel.  Not  noticed  in  the  city. 

Polygyra  albolabris  Say.     Well  distributed,  but  not  common. 

Po/ygt/ra  albolabris  var.  maritima  Pils.  Some  half-dozen  exam- 
ples, apparently  this  variety,  taken  here. 

Helix  dentifera  Binn.  Local,  but  where  found  at  all,  more  plenti- 
ful than  albolabris  or  sayii.  At  St.  Romauld's  a  small  colony  was 


100  THE    NAUTILUS. 

discovered  on  the  cliff  side  on  May  9,  1893,  all  still  in  hibernation. 
In  the  more  elevated  parts  of  a  small  piece  of  rather  swampy  woods 
off  the  St.  Foye  road,  not  far  from  the  city  limits,  this  shell  was 
rather  common.  Living  shells  all  presented  a  more  or  less  \\nrn 
appearance,  the  tooth  was  often  lacking  in  seemingly  full-grawn  in- 
dividuals, and  they  seldom  approached  in  size,  and  were  generally 
more  fragile,  than  those  occurring  on  the  Isle  d'Orleans.  From  this 
I  should  judge  that  their  surroundings  were  not  exactly  healthy  or 
suitable  ones,  and  they  no  doubt  owe  their  existence  here  to  the  fact 
of  the  wood  being  a  private  preserve,  comparatively  undisturbed  by 
man  or  beast.  No  other  Mesodon  was  seen  here. 

This  good  species  was  first  taken  in  the  vicinity  of  Quebec  City 
by  Mr.  Latchford,  of  Ottawa,  Out.,  the  occasion  being  a  visit  to  the 
Isle  d'Orleaus  on  August  16,  1891.  Since  that  date  a  good  number 
have  been  taken  there,  all,  without  exception,  on  the  cliffs  on  both 
^ides  (if  the  islands  ;  at  some  places  within  a  few  yards  of  high  water 
mark  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  On  the  cliff  side  having  a  northern 
exposure,  the  vegetation  is  decidedly  rank,  and  where  there  is  a  good 
deal  of  moist,  shaly  rock  mixed  with  dead  leaves,  etc.,  live  speci- 
mens are  sure  to  be  plentiful  and  in  fine  condition. 

On  May  27,  1893,  chiefly  from  an  old  unused  path  on  the  cliff 
side,  I  made  the  following  capture  :  •'v  lenites eoneava  Say,  66  ;  J'i/m- 
midula  alternata  Say,  59  ;  Poh/i/i/nt  ulbohtbris  Say,  1  ;  Po/i/i/iint 
ili'iitifi-m  Binii.,  71 ;  Polygyra  .sin///  Binn.,  29  ;  1  'n /'/.'/'/''"  monodan 
Rack.,  15;  Suecinea  obliquu  Say,  9 — all  good  and  mostly  living 
shells. 

Polygyra  sayii  Binn.  This  species  is  more  widely  distributed  than 
P.  dentifera  Binn.  along  the  cliff  side  on  the  mainland  (northern 
exposure  only).  On  the  island  it  occurs  with  M.  dentifera,  but 
never  in  abundance  (except  on  the  above-mentioned  occasion).  It 
has  also  been  taken  rarely  in  the  woods  which  cover  a  good  part  of 
the  island.  This  species  appears  to  be  more  hard}'  than  the  other 
Polygyra;  it  does  not  go  into  hibernation  nearly  so  early  in  the  fall. 
Unfortunately,  eaten  shells  are  rather  too  conspicuous. 

It  took  me  a  whole  season  to  get  used  to  the  habits  of  these  spe- 
cies, so  as  to  know  just  where  to  look  for  them,  often  going  home, 
nearly  empty-handed  when  I  had  really  been  in  the  midst  of  them. 
When  hibernating,  they  are  most  easily  seen,  the  beautiful  white 
(sometimes  pinkish)  lip  of  P.  dcntif<r«  Uiim.  catching  the  eye  when 
exposed  to  view.  Early  in  the  spring,  when  just  out,  they  are  more 


THE   NAUTILUS.  101 

difficult  to  find,  as  they  adhere  to  the  dead  leaves,  and,  unless  felt, 
may  then  easily  be  turned  over  and  lost. 

Polygyra  inoiiodon  Rack.  This  species  is  well-distributed  and 
very  common  in  places  on  the  cliff  side  at  the  Island.  I  have  a 
record  of  140  specimens  taken  November  12,  1892,  and  have  found 
20  or  more  all  together — in  fact,  on  the  cliff  side,  either  in  the  fall 
or  spring,  it  is  usual  to  find  these  large  families  buried  together  in 
the  loose,  shaly  rock.  At  other  places  where  I  have  collected,  it 
has  been  unusual  to  find  more  than  a  pair  together.  A  few  of  my 
Isle  d'Orleans  specimens  are  very  fine,  and  have  the  umbilicus  un- 
usually large. 

Polygyra  m,i>ii<>ilon  Rack,  var.  fraterna  Say.  A  few  approaching 
this  variety  were  taken  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Gomin  swamp 
on  the  mainland. 

Vallonia  pulcheUa  Mull.  Common  on  the  mainland  at. foot  of 
cliffs,  and  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  also  observed  on  the  Island. 

Vallonia  costata  Mull.  Occurs  with  pulcheUa  on  both  sides  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  but  is  not  so  plentiful. 

Vallonia  excentrica  Sterki.  Local,  at  foot  of  cliff  at  St.  Joseph's 
with  pulcheUa,  not  observed  elsewhere. 

Vallonia  labyrinthicaB&y.  Chiefly  from  the  Island,  and  generally 
from  the  dryer  parts  of  the  woods. 

Pupa  armifera  S&J.  Recorded  by  the  late  Abbe  Provancher  as 
being  common  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham  ;  it  may  be  taken  there  in 
some  abundance  with  Vallonia.  from  under  pieces  of  rock.  I  have 
taken  single  examples  on  the  Island  and  at  Levis. 

Sphyradium  simplex  Gould.     Rare,  Island  d'Orleans. 

\'<  rtii/o  milium  Gould.  A  few  on  the  mainland,  more  common  on 
the  Isle  d'Orleans. 

l'i  f/iijo  urnta  Say.     Fairly  plentiful  in  some  localities. 

Vertigo  gouldii  Binn.     Rare,  Isle  d'Orleaus. 

Vertigo  ventricosa,  Morse.     Rare,  Isle  d'Orleaus. 

Vertigo  pentodon  Say.  Isle  d'Orleaus,  local.  This  shell  has  a 
habit  of  coating  itself  with  dirt,  like  Succinea  avara  Say,  and  conse- 
quently it  is  difficult  to  find. 

Vertigo  bolfesiana  Morse.  Common  on  mossy  rocks  under  cliffs 
at  St.  Joseph's  and  St.  Romauld's.  A  form  taken  with  this,  Dr. 
Sterki  calls  the  New  England  variety. 

Vertigo  eurvidens  Gould.     Isle  d'Orleaus,  rare. 


102  THE    NAUTILUS. 

Ferussada  subcylindrica  L.  Two  easily  separated  forms  of  this 
species  are  found  in  the  district ;  one  occurs  everywhere  and  is 
abundant,  the  other  has  only  been  taken  in  damp  woods  on  the  Isle 
d'Orleans.  aud  is  a  larger  shell. 

Succinea  avara  Say.     Local. 

Succinea  ovalis  Gould.  Not  at  all  common.  Both  these  species  are 
smaller  in  size  as  compared  with  specimens  from  western  Ontario. 

Succinea  obliqua  Say.  The  ravine  running  into  the  St.  Charles 
River  is  a  splendid  place  for  this  shell.  During  hibernation  I  have,  on 
several  occasions,  taken  200  fine  specimens  in  a  short  time,  and  some 
are  the  largest  I  have  ever  seen  or  captured.  I  am  inclined  to  think 
that  some  of  them  would  pass  for  Succinea,  totteniana  Lea ;  there 
certainly  appear  to  be  two  forms.  In  cleaning  some  of  these  shells 
taken  on  November  8,  1891,  a  few  of  the  finest  living  specimens 
contained  the  peculiar  parasite,  reference  to  which  is  made  by  Dr. 
Dall,  in  his  useful  pamphlet,  "  Instructions  for  Collecting  Mollusks, 
etc."  (Leucochloridium). 

Caryckium  exiguum  Say.  Very  common  in  decaying  vegetation 
in  woods  and  all  damp  places. 


NEW  LOWER  CALIFORNIAN  BULIMULI. 


BY    H.    A.    PILSBRY. 


Bulimulus  hypodon  n.  sp. 

With  the  general  form  of  B.  spirifer  Gabb,  this  smaller  species 
differs  in  the  more  convex  lateral  outlines  of  the  spire  and  the  much 
shorter  body-whorl,  which  in  a  dorsal  view  is  not  produced  and  ob- 
long, but  short  and  transverse,  and  with  the  suture  ascending  some- 
what toward  its  termination.  Whorls  7^,  surface  with  an  oily 
polish,  only  slight  growth-lines,  but  under  the  lens  showing  close, 
fine  incised  spiral  stri(e,  without  trace  of  granulation.  Aperture 
slightly  over  half  the  total  alt.  ;  p?ri.<l<u>i?  rrry  broad/t/  mid  flatly  re- 
flexed,  recurved  at  the  edge,  the  margins  joined  by  a  rather  heavy 
callus,  but  without  defined  edge.  Columella  distinctly  truncate  at 
base ;  internal  lamina  well-developed,  thin,  triangular.  Color  almost 
white,  the  cuticle  with  an  extremely  faint  buff  tint.  Alt.  25,  diam. 
12'5  mm.;  alt.  of  aperture  (including  peristome)  13,  width  10'2  mm.; 
width  of  reflexed  outer  lip  2'3  mm. 

Lower  California,  exact  locality  unknown. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  103 

Bulimulus  lamellifer  n.  sp. 

General  form  of  A.  spirifer  ;  waxen  white  or  light  brownish  ;  the 
surface  more  or  less  granulose,  as  in  examples  of  B.  spirifer.  Whorls 
about  65.  Aperture  over  half  the  altitude  usually,  but  sometimes 
less  than  half;  the  lip-ends  conspicuously  approaching,  joined  by  a 
short  callus  ;  peristome  broadly  expanded  and  reflexed,  much  as  in 
spirifer.  Columella  showing  from  the  aperture  a  sharp,  oblique  lam- 
ina; this  lamina  becoming  very  high  internally,  projecting  in  a 
square  or  bisinuate  plate.  The  type  measures,  alt.  32,  diam.  15 
mm. ;  but  they  are  very  variable  in  size,  the  smallest  seen  being 
23J  rnm.  long.  The  square  or  emargiuate  internal  plate  differs  con- 
spicuously from  the  corkscrew  twisted  fold  of  B.  spirifer,  and  is  ap- 
parently a  constant  character.  Seventeen  specimens  examined. 

Lower  California  (W.  M.  Gabb). 

These  forms  are  evidently  different  from  B.  spirifer  Gabb,  B. 
bryanti  Cooper  and  B.  veseyanus  Dall,  the  species  of  this  group  de- 
scribed by  American  naturalists.  A  careful  comparison  with  the 
descriptions  of  B.  lapidivagus,  dentifer,  subspirifer  aud  dismenicus  of 
Mabille,  causes  me  to  consider  these  also  as  specifically  distinct  from 
the  forms  described  above.  Illustrations  will  appear  in  the  next 
number  of  the  Manual  of  Conchologi/,  in  which  the  other  North 
American  Bulimuli  will  also  be  figured. 


NEW  AMERICAN  UNIONID.E. 


BY  WM.  A.  MARSH,  ALEDO,  MERCER  CO.,  ILL. 

TJnio  superiorensis  n.  sp. 

Shell  smooth,  obovate,  slightly  inflated,  inequilateral,  rounded 
before,  oblique,  obtusely  angular  behind,  with  or  without  rays,  rays 
when  present  interrupted  by  lines  of  growth.  Substance  of  shell 
thick,  beaks  small,  with  a  few  rather  coarse  undulations;  umbonial 
slope  flattened,  ligament  long,  dark  brown ;  epidermis  dark  olive ; 
growth  lines  very  close,  quite  prominent,  cardinal  teeth  large  and 
solid,  compressed  and  nearly  smooth,  double  in  left  valve  and  widely 
separated  ;  lateral  teeth  long,  thick  and  nearly  straight,  anterior 
cicatrices  deep  and  rounded,  posterior  cicatrices  confluent  and  well 
impressed.  Cavity  of  shell  deep  ;  cavity  of  beaks  deep  and  rounded  ; 
nacre  white,  sometimes  shining. 

Habitat:  Michipicoton  River,  upper  shore  of  Lake  Superior, 
Canada. 


104  Till!    NAUTILUS. 

This  shell  is  more  closely  related  to  U.  borealis  A.  F.  Gray  than 
any  other  I  know  of;  it  is  not  so  much  inflated  as  that  species,  it  is 
more  transverse  on  both  dorsal  and  ventral  portions ;  when  the  rays 
are  present  they  differ  entirely  ;  the  posterior  portion  of  the  shell  is 
flatter,  it  is  more  oblique  in  outline,  the  cardinal  teeth  are  much 
smoother  and  more  compressed,  the  cicatrices  are  deeper  and  more 
rounded,  shell  cavity  shallower,  the  lines  of  growth  are  very  much 
more  numerous  and  closer. 

It  bears  some  resemblance  to  some  varieties  of  U.  lideohts  Lam., 
but  differs  entirely  in  the  teeth,  growth  lines,  epidermis,  outline  of 
shell,  and  cavity  of  beaks  and  shell,  from  any  variety  of  Inteolus  I 
ever  saw. 

Several  years  ago,  Mr.  James  H.  Ferris,  of  Joliet,  collected  a 
number  of  these  shells  at  the  locality  given,  and  I  was  never  satis- 
fied that  they  could  be  placed,  even  as  a  marked  variety,  with  any 
described  species. 


ON  SOME  SINISTRAL  LAND  SHELLS. 


BY  C.  F.  ANCEY. 


The  following  are  several  sinistral  specimens  of  normally  dextral 
species,  nearly  all  included  in  my  own  collection.  Some  of  these 
monstrosities  are  still,  I  think,  unrecorded.  In  addition  to  these,  I 
must  say  that  I  have  collected,  in  lcS84,  in  the  mountains  near  Ht'-as, 
Pyrenees,  a  dextral  example  of  the  usually  sinistral  Buliminus 
quadridens  Miiller.  This  is  also  in  my  collection.  From  the  list 
given  below,  it  appears  that  sinistral  monstrosities  are  much  more 
scarce  in  operculate  land  shells  than  in  Helieirfte,  and,  besides  the 
well-know  reversed  Campeloma  decision  Say  (=var.  heterostropha), 
still  rarer  in  fiuvatile  shells. 

Helix  (Xerophila)  trepidula  Servain  (Dept.  du  Bouches-du-Rhone, 
S.  France). 

Helix  (Xerophila)  oreta  Bourg.  Oued-el-Hakoum,  south  of  Ber- 
rouaghia  (Algeria). 

Helix  (Euparypha)  /ilxnnrt.  Miill.    South  France. 

Helix  (Taclieri)  nemoralis  L.  Bundoran,  Ireland  (from  Mr. 
Brockton  Tomlin). 

Helix  (Miii-ii/iii-Iii}  rir  in  ieulnta  Miill.  Marseilles,  France  (in  Mr. 
M.  Sollier's  collection). 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


105 


Near    Boghari, 


Heli.i-  (Pomatia)  pomatia  L.     West  France. 

Helix  (Pomatia)  aspersa  L.    Marseilles. 

Helix  (Mesodon)  thyroides  Say.     Connecticut. 

Leucochroa   candidissima    L.   var.   major   Brg. 
(Algeria). 

Leucochroa  candidissima  L.  (typical).    Marseilles  ;  Algeria. 

Znnitef:  algirus  L.    Moutpellier,  south  France. 

Rumina  decollata  L.  var.  imtjnr.    Near  Berrouaghia,  Algeria. 

Pupa  (Torquilla)  bigorrensis  Charp.    Cazaril,  Hautes-Pyn'nees. 

Piiiniitin  erassilabrum  Dup.    Cauterets  (Hautes-Pyrenees),  Assat 
(Basses-Pyrenees). 

Ditropis  planorbis  Blanford.     Tinnevolly. 

Achatina panthera  Fer.    Mauritius. 

Gibbus  lyonnetianus  Pallas.    Mauritius. 

Nanina  (Dyakia)  juninii-a  Fer.     Java. 

Nanina  (Dyakia)  dnploeincta  Bttg.    Java. 

Limncea  peregra  Drap.    England. 

Campeloma  decisum  Say.    New  York. 


COCHLICELLA  VENTRICOSA  Drap.,  NEAR  CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 


BY    WM.    G.  MAZYCK. 


On  the  afternoon  of  October  27,  last,  I  found  a  small  colony  of 
this  species  living  under  a  fallen  fence  post  on  a  lot  in  the  rear  of 
the  United  States  Life  Saving  Station,  in  the  town  of  Moultrieville, 
on  Sullivan's  Island,  at  the  entrance  to  Charleston  Harbor,  S.  C. 

The  discovery  is  one  of  peculiar  interest,  presenting  a  problem  of 
somewhat  difficult  solution.  The  island  is  quite  small,  being  only 
about  four  miles  long,  with  an  average  width  of  some  300  yards 
and  an  average  height  above  mean  high  water  of  only  about  six 
feet.  The  only  natural  growth  of  shrubbery  is  on  the  end,  where 
there  is  a  dense  growth  of  stunted  myrtles.  Moultrieville  covers 
about  one-half  of  the  Island.  The  lot  upon  which  the  specimens 
were  found  is  destitute  of  any  vegetation,  except  a  stunted  growth  of 
a  coarse  low  grass,  somewhat  similar  in  appearance  to  the  ordinary 
lawn  grass ;  there  is  no  garden  nearer  than  half  a  mile,  and  that 
contains  no  plants  of  foreign  importation.  There  is  absolutely 
nothing  in  the  environment  to  suggest  congeniality,  and  the  spot  is 


106  THE   NAUTILUS. 

apparently  most  unfavorable  to  the  propagation  of  the  species,  which 
is  entirely  isolated  as  far  as  yet  observed.  The  entire  island  wag 
submerged  for  about  ten  hours  to  an  average  depth  of  about  two 
feet  during  the  hurricane  of  August  27,  1893,  and  almost  all  vege~ 
tation  was  killed  at  that  time,  a  circumstance  which  leads  to  the 
opinion  that  the  species  is  of  very  recent  introduction.  The  terres- 
trial species  of  mollusca  so  far  observed  on  the  island  are  : 
Polygyra  espiloca  Rav.  Pupa  fallax  Say. 

Triodopsis  hopetonensis  Shutt.          Pupa  pentodon  Say. 
Cochlicella  ventricosa  Drap.  Succinea  campestris  Say. 

Vertigo  rugosula  Sterki.  Sxccinea  influtn  Lea  ? 

I  have  a,  single  dead  specimen  of  Mesodon  thyroides  Say,  most 
likely  washed  from  the  neighboring  mainland,  and  a  few  specimens 
of  Stenogyra  decollata  L.,  certainly  brought  from  Charleston,  where 
it  is  abundant. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 


[Conducted  in  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conchological  Chapter  of  the  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 


UNIOS. 

[Excerpts    from  the   Report  of  Dr.  W.   S.  Strode.     From  the  Transactions  of  the 
Isaac  Lea  Couchological  Chapter  for  1895.] 

To  the  Spoon  River,  only  three  miles  away,  two  or 
three  hurried  visits  have  been  made.  With  one  exception  only  the 
usual  shells  of  this  stream  were  found.  I  was  fortunate  in  striking 
a  new  bed  of  TTnios.  It  was  in  a  little  bayou  six  feet  wide  and 
about  three  deep  by  twenty  long,  just  above  a  rough  ledge  of  lime 
and  sand  rock.  The  environment  was  suitable  to  many  species,  and 
the  mud  and  sand  at  the  bottom  of  this  little  cove  was  literally 
packed  with  them.  In  half  an  hour  I  had  thrown  out  on  the  clean, 
white  sand  several  bushels  of  various  species,  as  Uni<>  liilnTrii/iifiia, 
anodontoides,  plicutus,  rectus,  ligamentimts,  luteolas,  occidens,  gibbo- 
sus,  lacrymosus,  pustulosus,  trig  onus,  alatits,  gracilis,  ebenus,  Icevissi- 
miis,  complanatus,  rugosa,  donaciformis,  and  several  of  the  gigantic 
wuttlplieatiis  peculiar  to  this  stream.  Some  of  these  species  had 
been  so  long  in  this  still  water,  and  were  so  hoary  with  age  that 
they  were  moss  grown.  When  I  had  thrown  out  about  all  the  little 
bayou  contained,  I  selected  the  finer  specimens  of  such  species  as  I 


THE    NAUTILUS.  107 

cared  for,  and  then  returned  the  rest  to  the  water  for  future  use. 
From  one  of  the  U.  occidens  I  took  one  of  the  finest  pearls  that  I 
had  ever  seen.  It  was  a  perfect  oval,  very  lustrous,  and  about  the 
size  of  a  small  buckshot.  The  exceptional  shell  found  in  the  bayou 
was  Margaritana  confragosa  Say,  not  heretofore  reported  in  this 
stream,  though  they  are  not  uncommon  at  Liverpool  on  the  Illinois 
River.  Two  or  three  young  shells  were  found,  which  is  a  good  indi- 
cation that  the  parents  were  somewhere  about.  In  a  pool  in  the 
shade  of  a  long  bridge  at  Bernadotte,  I  found  a  large  number  of 
Pleurocera  elevatum  Say  and  a  few  Somatogyrus  subglobosiis  Say. 

*  *  #  *  A  collector  in  Texas  has  also  sent  me  some  fine 
specimens,  a  list  of  which  may  prove  of  interest  to  the  members  of 
the  Isaac  Lea  Chapter  of  the  Agassiz  Association  :  Unio  nodifents, 
U.  ma  it  ii  In' lux,  U.  rotundatus,  very  large  and  fine;  U.  purpuratus, 
U.  aureus,  also  a  variation  of  the  same ;  U.  Mitchelti,  said  to  be 
found  only  in  Guadaloupe  River  ;  U.  tampicooensis,  U.  hydimms,  U. 
berlandierii,  U.  perplicatus,  U.  speciosus,  U.  tubereulatus,  Ano- 
donta  leonennis,  A.  stewartiana.  The  U.  manubrius  is  the  long-lived 
mussel,  burying  itself  and  living  for  months  in  the  banks  and  beds 
of  streams  after  they  have  dried  up.  The  U.  tubereulatus  is  the 
purple  nacre  variety.  These  are  all  from  Jackson  and  Victoria 
Counties,  and  from  Guadaloupe  and  Brazos  Rivers,  Skull,  Colleto, 
Spring  and  Garcitas  Creeks,  and  Ripley,  Bluett's  and  Manchoula 
Lakes. 

Of  the  smaller  species  [  also  received  the  following:  Spluerium 
elevatum,  Polygyra  texasiana,  Praticolella  berlandii  rinnit,  P.  gris- 
cola,  Polygyra  auriformis,  Physa  mexicana,  Vitrea  electrina,  Biiliiini- 
lus  schiedianus. 

While  at  Niagara  Falls  in  August  1  found  Goat  Island  rich  in 
Helices.  The  Polygyra  albolabris,  large  form,  was  particularly 
noticeable.  Early  in  the  morning  great  fine  ones  were  to  be  seen 
crawling  about  over  the  leaves  and  in  the  crevices  of  the  rocks  in 
the  almost  impenetrable  shade  of  the  thick  forest  that  covered  the 
island.  *  *  * 

I  append  the  list  or  the  Uniouidte  of  the  State  (Illinois).  Later 
I  will  issue  a  printed  list  with  localities.  I  am  indebted  for  much 
valuable  information  and  assistance  to  Messers.  Hinkley,  Ferris, 
Marsh  and  Wolf,  of  Illinois;  to  Dr.  Leach,  of  Michigan,  and  the 
late  Dr.  Stein,  of  Indiana.  Some  of  the  species  in  the  list  are 
doubtless  synonyms,  as  Unio  zigzag  and  U.  donaciformis,  U.  occidens 


108  THE   NAUTILUS. 

and  U.  raitricosiis  and  some  others.  But  as  the  authorities  have 
not  agreed  on  this  matter,  I  have  included  them  as  separate  species. 
(As  Dr.  Strode  will  issue  a  complete  printed  list  of  the  Uuionida3 
in  some  other  form,  the  list  as  added  to  his  report  is  not  reproduced 
here.— M.  B.  W.) 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


A  LARGE  DECAPOD. — I  have  been  greatly  interested  in  an  im- 
mense Cephalopod  which  came  ashore  about  five  miles  south  of  Jack 
Mound,  Anastatia  Island.  Only  the  stumps  of  the  teutacles  were 
left,  as  it  had  been  dead  for,  perhaps,  days.  The  body  proper 
measured  18  feet  in  length,  11  feet  in  breadth  and  3*  feet  thick 
above  the  sand  as  it  lay  soft  and  flattened  on  the  beach.  Of  course 
there  is  no  way  of  knowing  how  long  the  tentacles  were,  but,  judg- 
ing from  the  size  of  the  body,  the  arms  must  have  been  of  enormous 
length. — DE WITT  WEBB,  M.  D.,  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 

ARMATURE  OF  HELICOID  LAND  SHELLS. — Under  this  title  Mr. 
G.  K.  Gude,  of  London,  is  contributing  a  series  of  important  articles 
In  .v/Vnee  Gosxip.  The  Indian  genera  CoriUn  and  Plectopyli*  have 
thus  far  been  discussed,  their  peculiar  internal  barriers  figured,  and 
the  specific  characters  more  fully  worked  out  than  in  any  former 
publication.  In  the  first  paper  (September,  1896)  a  new  species  of 
(_\/ri//n,  (_'.  Fryce  Gude  is  described,  and  the  armature  of  C.  lium- 
lii'rti  Brot  for  the  first  time  figured.  A  key  to  the  species  of  C<>ri//n 
is  given  in  the  second  paper;  and  in  the  third,  which  has  just  ap- 
peared (November,  1896),  the  discussion  of  Plectopylis  is  com- 
menced. The  work  promises  to  be  very  valuable  to  Helicologists, 
and  we  hope  that  Mr.  Gude  will  succeed  in  procuring  a  sufficient 
number  of  specimens  to  make  it  complete. 

SAD  DEATH  OF  AN  ORIENTAL  BY  HALIOTICIDE. — In  the  Novem- 
ber Popular  Science  Monthly,  Margaret  Wentworth  Leightou  relates 
that  while  she  was  living  in  San  Francisco,  "  A  Chinamen  went  out 
on  the  rocks  at  low  tide  to  gather  some  [Haliotis].  As  he  at- 
tempted to  wrench  one  from  its  home  his  hand  was  caught  between 
shell  and  rock,  and  so  firmly  held  by  the  animal  that  he  could  not 
escape  the  rising  tide  and  was  drowned."  West  coast  collectors 
should  take  warning.  Don't  fool  with  Haliotis  cracherodii  without 
having  by  you  a  crowbar  or  at  least  an  ax,  lest  you  should  perish 
miserably  like  this  child-like  and  bland  Celestial. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


VOL.  X.  FEBRUARY,  1897.  No.  10 


ON  THE  GENERIC  POSITION  OF  BULIMUS  GALEEICULUM  MOUSS. 


BY  H.  A.  PILSBRY. 


This  species  was  described  by  Moussou  in  his  Laud-  und  Susswasser- 
Mollusken  von  Java,  1849,  p.  34,  from  near  Pardana,  Java,  from  a 
single  specimen  collected  by  Zollinger.  In  vou  Martens'  edition  of 
Die  Heliceeu  the  species  is  placed  in  Geotrochus,  with  the  Cingalese 
forms  later  referred  to  Beddomea.  Pfeiffer  iu  his  arrangement  of 
the  land  snails  in  Malak.  Bliitter  for  1855,  p.  162,  makes  galericu- 
lii/n  the  sole  species  of  a  new  section  of  Bulimi,  Pseusopartula. 
The  name  he  later  corrects  to  Pseudopartnla.  In  the  Nomenclator 
Hel.  Viv.  he  includes  with  galericulum  in  Pseudopartula  (which  is 
here  made  a  subsection  of  Geotrochui),  the  New  Caledonian  species 
grouping  around  B.  sinistrorsus  Desh. 

It  is  evident  from  this  that  B.  galericulum  is  the  type  of  Pseudo- 
partula.  On  comparison  with  Ariophanta  doherti/i  Aldr.,  I  find  that 
that  species  also  belongs  to  the  same  group  ;  and  here  likewise  must 
be  placed  Helix  nasuta  Mete.,  which  has  the  same  conchological 
features.  As  to  the  systematic  place  of  Pseiidopartula,  I  am  in 
doubt.  In  the  absence  of  information  upon  the  soft  anatomy,  the 
group  might  be  placed  either  next  to  Papuina  in  He.licidce,  or  in  the 
Buliiiutlidce  or  the  Zonitidce,  although  it  is  evident  that  it  has  no 
affinity  with  the  typical  Ariophantas.  Couchologically,  it  is  well- 
characterized  by  the  trochiform,  sinistral,  obliquely  perforate  shell ; 
thin  in  texture,  milky  subtranslucent,  the  surface  with  fine  spiral 
incised  striae,  apex  smooth  and  blunt,  aperture  extremely  oblique 
and  with  well-reflexed  peristome.  The  species  are  : 


110  THE   NAUTILUS. 

1.  PSEUDOPARTULA  GALERICULUM  (MoUSS.).      Moll.  Java,  p.  34, 

pi.  3  fig.  5. 

la.  PSEUDOPARTULA  GALERICULUM  var.  GEDEANA  (Bttg.  MS.). 
More  elongate  with  the  peripheral  angle  subobsolete.  Alt.  19J, 
diam.  12  mm. 

2.  PSEUDOPARTULA  DOHERTYI  (Aldrich).     Nautilus,  VI,  p.  90, 
pi.  2,  f.  1,  2.     Sumatra. 

3.  PSEUDOPARTULA  NASUTA   (Mete.).     Man.  Conch.  (2),  II,  p. 
21,  pi.  3,  f.  42.     Borneo. 

For  the  group  of  B.  slnynluris,  sini.ttrorsitft,  tnrgidnlus,  etc.,  Mon- 
trouzier's  name  DRAPARNAUDIA  may  be  used. 


TIMOTHY  ABBOTT  CONRAD. 


Boru  in  Trenton,  N.  J.,  June  21st,  1803,  died  in  the  same  city, 
August  9th,  1877. 

To  most  conchological  students,  and  especially  to  those  interested 
in  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  shells,  the  name  of  Timothy  Abbott  Con- 
rad must  be  more  or  less  familiar;  and  yet  few,  perhaps,  are  aware 
of  the  labor  performed  by  him  in  searching  the  tombs  of  long  van- 
ished species,  and  presenting  to  the  world  in  a  series  of  papers  the 
story  of  their  origin,  development  and  final  extinction. 

In  this  work  he  was  one  of  the  foremost  America  pioneers,  and 
doubtless,  the  very  first  to  note,  from  careful  observation  of  their 
molluscan  forms,  the  absolute  relationship  of  the  several  outcropping 
Cretaceous  beds  ranging  from  northern  New  Jersey  to  southern 
Alabama.  Nor  was  he  less  successful  regarding  recent  species, 
since  very  many  of  these,  native  to  the  East  and  West  coasts  of 
America,  were  first  studied,  figured,  and  described  by  him,  his  skill 
in  drawing  being  no  less  remarkable  than  his  talent  for  investiga- 
tion. 

Personally  he  was  a  man  of  plain  appearance,  exceeding  shy  and 
sensitive,  but  withal  a  "  good  hater"  and  a  true  friend.  Much  of 
his  time  was  devoted  to  literary  pursuits  other  than  scientific,  and 
there  are  still  extant  a  few  copies  of  his  poems,  many  of  which  show 
superior  merit  both  in  construction  and  sentiment. 

Owing  to  failing  health  for  several  years  preceding  his  death,  he 
was  often  subjected  to  attacks  of  mental  and  physical  depression, 
and  it  was  in  relation  to  this  fact  that  the  subjoined  verses  were 


THE   NAUTILUS.  Ill 

•written  and  addressed  to  him.  The  present  time,  when  renewed  in- 
terest in  Conrad  and  his  labors  has  lead  to  the  republication  of  his 
chief  works,  seems  an  appropriate  occasion  for  their  presentation. 


TO  TIMOTHY  ABBOTT  CONRAD. 

Poet  and  Scientist. 


Oft  as  the  sons  of  Greece  and  Rome 

Returned  victorious  from  afar, 
Their  tyrants  shouted  "  Welcome  home  ! " 

The  while  they  shared  the  spoils  of  war. 

It  muttered  C"t  that  other  lands 
To  yield  them  wealth  must  lie  in  chains  ; 

And  naught,  I'nr^ioth,  were  crimsoned  hands, 
So  othei  's  heurts  impressed  the  stains. 

But  where  are  now  those  soldiers  brave, 
Both  they  who  lost  and  they  who  won  '.' 

They  ,-!ec|)  forgotten  in  the  grave, 
Their  names  and  nations  dead  and  gone. 

Not  so  have  slept  the  gems  of  thought 
Born  unto  men  far  down  the  years  ; 

These  live — while  deeds  of  valor  wrought 
In  battle  have  dissolved  in  tears. 

The  world  indeed  has  wiser  grown 

Since  Error's  clouds  such  shadows  cast  ; 

And  few  now  dare  to  build  a  throne 
Upon  the  ruins  of  the  past. 

"  Grim  visaged  war,"  rapine  and  strife, 
May  clutch  awhile  their  leaning  lease  ; 

But  knowledge  is  the  soul  of  life, 
And  knowledge  hails  the  reign  of  Pe;i' ••• 

To  force  of  brutes,  whose  right  is  might, 
Eternal  tin. ught  has  ceased  to  yield  ; 

The  I 'ay  ha>  dawned  that  rules  the  Night ; 
Fair  Science  now  commands  the  field. 

With  valiant  hearts,  and  lips  coniprest. 

Her  sons  are  wheeling  into  line, 
And  woe  betide  the  sable  crest 

Of  Error  when  their  strokes  combine. 

No  nobler  chief  their  legions  know 
Than  thnii,  whose  victories  I  sing  ; 

No  prouder  wreath  can  men  bestow 
Than  round  thy  memory  will  cling. 

As  bard  or  sage  thon  art  the  peer 
Of  men  embalmed  in  storied  song, 

Whn,  holding  truth  and  virtue  dear, 
Both  lived  the  right  and  scorned  the  wrong. 

Upon  the  fairest  diadems 

Of  Poesy  thy  name  is  cast; 
And,  graven  on  Creation's  gems, 

Thy  fame  will  live  while  ages  last. 


112  THE    NAUTILUS. 

Will  live  in  myriad  laurels  won 

From  sands,  and  marls,  and  strata  old, 

And  ^liini1  a*  I'Hglltly  as  the  sun 
In  mrdals  wrought  from  mental 


Lon^  o't-i  thy  path  may  honors  shed 

Their  cheering  rays,  and  may  the  years, 
As  on  they  conn-  \vith  i;l;i<l>iinK-  tread, 
•  Bring  smiles  tn  tlu-e  in  lieu  of  tears. 

And  when  at  last  thy  life  shall  glide 

Beyiuid  the  outer  rim  of  Time, 

May  heaven's  gates  swing  open  wide 

In  welcome  to  its  joys  sublime. 

JOBS  FORD. 
Philadelphia,  January,  iSfj. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 


[Conducted  in  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conch. (logical  Chapter  of  the  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 


In  conformity  with  Art.  V  of  the  Constitution  of  our  Chapter  the 
election  of  President  and  General  Secretary  occurred  on  the  last 
Wednesday  in  December  at  the  home  of  the  latter.  All  members 
residing  in  Southern  California  were  invited  to  be  present.  The 
Hon.  Delos  Arnold  presided  in  the  necessary  absence  of  the  presi- 
dent. The  votes  were  canvassed,  and  the  following  were  declared 
elected. 

President,  Professor  Josiah  Keep,  Mills  College,  California. 

General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson,  University,  Los 
Angelos  Co.,  California. 

The  Executive  Committee  consists  of  the  President,  General 
Secretary  and  one  other  member  (Art.  IV).  The  Hon.  Delos  Arnold 
has  been  appointed  a  member  of  the  Committee. 

The  following  have  been  appointed  Secretaries  of  the  various 
Sections : 

Section  A. — Marine  Shells  of  the  West  Coast,  Prof.  Keep,  Mills 
College,  Cal. 

Section  B.— Marine  Shells  of  the  East  Coast,  Mrs.  E.  P.  Went- 
worth,  Portland,  Maine. 

Section  C. — Land  Shells  east  of  the  Rocky  Mts.,  Mr.  James 
Lemon,  Ontario,  Canada. 

Section  D. — Fresh  Water  Shells  east  of  the  Rocky  Mts.,  Dr.  Win. 
S.  Strode,  Lewistown,  111. 

Section  E. — Laud  and  Fresh-Water  Shells  west  of  the  Rocky  Mts. 
(Secretary  not  yet  chosen). 

Section  F. — Fossil  Shells,  Hon.  Delos  Arnold,  Pasadena,  Califor- 
nia. 

Section  G. — Juvenile  Section,  Mrs.  M.  P.  Olney,  Spokane,  Wash. 

Section  H. — Microscopic  Shells,  Mrs.  T.  S.  Oldroyd,  Los  Angelos, 
Cal. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  113 

Section  I. — Marine  Shells  of  the  Southeastern  Coast,  Mr.  J.  J. 
White,  Rockledge,  Fla. 

Mr.  J.  J.  White,  the  popular  proprieter  of  White's  Cottage,  Rock- 
ledge,  Fla.,  makes  the  following  generous  offer  to  our  chapter  mem- 
bers. He  will  send  Strombus  pugilis  or  Cardium  isocardia,  or  both 
if  desired,  to  any  member  of  the  Chapter  who  will  send  stamps  for 
their  postage.  This  offer  holds  good  until  his  stock  of  them  is  ex- 
hausted. 

The  name  and  address  of  a  new  member,  Miss  Lena  L.  Perrine, 
B.  A.,  Valley  City,  N.  D.,  was  unavoidably  crowded  out  of  the  Jan- 
uary issue  of  THE  NAUTILUS. 

MY  SNAILERY. 


[Report  of  Miss  C.  Soper.      From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Concho logical 
Chapter  for  1895.] 

Partly  from  choice,  partly  from  necessity,  I  have  followed  the 
suggestion  given  by  one  of  the  members  in  last  year's  "  Transactions," 
and  have  studied  the  shell  life  found  in  my  "  aiu  countree,"  and  I 
want  to  tell  some  of  the  members  who  live  far  from  the  sea-shore, 
what  delightful  possibilities  there  are  collecting  and  studying  shells 
at  home. 

With  the  exception  of  a  couple  of  weeks  spent  at  Santa  Barbara 
last  summer,  I  have  had  no  opportunity  for  collecting  ocean  shells, 
and  as  my  "  finds,"  at  that  place  were  very  meagre,  being  confined 
to  some  live  Chama  exogyra,  and  a  queer  little  slipper  shell,  I  should 
have  no  report  to  give  were  it  not  for  my  family  of  snails,  which  I 
have  had  for  nearly  a  year. 

Last  February,  I  found  in  an  old  cactus  stump  near  Gabriel  about 
120  dead  specimens  of  Helix  tudiculata — 7  or  8  large  ones,  the  re- 
mainder being  above  a  half  of  an  inch  in  diameter.  One  or  two 
small  live  ones  were  found,  and  they  were  treasured  carefully  in  an 
old  flower  pot  which  was  kept  in  a  saucer  of  water.  A  little  later 
the  sexton  of  the  cemetery,  whose  interest  I  had  enlisted,  found 
for  me  a  fine  large  specimen  of  H.  tudiculata  near  one  of  the  hy- 
drants. This  was  a  large  addition  to  my  small  family,  which  had 
already  become  the  object  of  a  great  deal  of  attention  from  myself 
and  others.  *  f  *  In  March,  in  company  with  a  friend,  I  went  to 
the  Arroyo  Seco,  near  Pasadena,  in  search  of  helices.  My  friend 
had  found  their  home  one  day  when  she  was  digging  ferns,  and 
learning  of  my  desire  to  find  some  live  snails,  kindly  piloted  me  to 
the  place. 


114  THE  NAUTILUS. 

We  found  20  or  more,  nearly  all  full  grown  of  H.  tudiciilata  and 
H.  Traskii.  Right  here  let  nie  say  that  I  think  snails  display  exqui- 
site taste  in  their  choice  of  a  home,  at  least  some  varieties  do. 

I  am  as  much  or  more  interested  in  photography  than  I  am  in 
conchology  and  I  have  found  that  the  haunts  of  these  humble  creat- 
ures are  nearly  always  in  spots  that  delight  the  heart  of  a  photo- 
grapher. Pretty  shady  nooks,  old  gnarled  trees  and  stumps,  fern 
lined — which  by  the  way,  might  contain  water  snails — broken  down 
fences,  and,  overgrown  hedges,  are  places  equally  attractive  to  the 
conchologist  and  the  "  disciple  of  the  tripod."  I  cannot  think  of  two 
studies  that  can  be  pursued  more  harmoniously  than  conchology  and 
photography. 

I  have  yet  to  experience  the  pleasure  of  a  trip  to  the  seaside  with 
ray  camera  and  shell  basket. 

But,  to  return  to  the  snails.  The  flower  pot  besides  being  too 
small  was  not  a  very  satisfactory  place  for  them.  In  some  way,  they 
would  manage  to  span  the  distance  between  the  pot  and  the  edge 
of  the  dish  which  was  kept  full  of  water,  as  a  means  of  keeping  them 
at  home,  and,  some  of  them  were  constantly  escaping.  I  procured  a 
large  cheese  box,  filled  it  with  leaf-mold,  planted  several  varieties  of 
ferns  in  it,  transferred  my  snails  to  their  new  home. 

In  order  to  keep  them  there,  I  put  around  the  box  which  I  had 
first  placed  on  another  box  to  make  it  higher,  a  fence  of  wire  netting 
about  three  feet  high,  and,  far  enough  from  the  box,  so  that  Mr. 
Snail  could  not  get  out  without  crawling  down  to  the  floor  and  then 
up  the  screen — a  feat  which  only  a  very  few  have  accomplished. 
Before  I  got  this  safeguard  I  had  many  long  searches  for  miscreant 
members,  under  the  bed,  and  similar  places. 

But,  in  spite  of  their  roving  disposition,  they  seemed  fairly  com- 
fortable and  happy,  sleeping  mostly  during  the  day-time,  and  for- 
aging at  night.  They  ate  a  great  deal  of  bread  and  lettuce,  and  the 
ferns  shared  with  them  the  frequent  showers  of  water  which  they 
received. 

As  has  already  been  hinted,  this  suailery  of  mine  is  kept  in  ray 
bedroom  and  I  have  spent  many  hours  late  at  night  and  early  in  the 
morning,  as  well  as  during  the  day,  watching  its  interesting  inhab- 
itants. 

They  are  very  particular  about  their  personal  appearance  when 
they  are  not  hibernating,  keeping  themselves,  or  rather  their  shells, 
bright  and  clean  by  "  mouthing  "  them  all  over,  I  believe  I  have 
sometimes  seen  them  performing  that  office  for  one  another. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  115 

Early  in  May  they  began  to  lay  eggs — depositing  them  mostly 
in  a  little  hole  and  covering  them  with  earth,  although  some  were 
apparently  indifferent  about  the  matter.  The  eggs  of  H.  Traskii  were 
somewhat  smaller  than  those  of  H.  iudiculatu,  and  resembled  very 
much,  in  size,  shape  and  color,  homeopathic  pills.  They  hatched  in 
about  3  weeks,  the  baby  snails  seeming  to  know  their  way  out  of  the 
case  or  shell.  Is  it  not  probable  this  forms  the  first  meal  ? 

The  tiny  things  did  not  live  very  long,  and  I  could  not  notice  any 
perceptible  growth.  The  conditions  were  not  favorable,  I  suppose. 

Early  in  the  Summer  the  old  snails  began  to  go  into  Summer 
quarters,  and  they  were  soon  all  asleep  except  my  dear,  little  glossy- 
brown  Glyptostoma.  I  had  found  him  in  Santa  Anita  canon.  He 
kept  watch  all  summer  over  the  other  sleepers.  He  would  sometimes 
disappear  for  a  week  at  a  time — buried  in  the  ground,  but  I  have 
never  seen  him  attach  himself  by  an  epiphram  to  the  sides  of  the 
box  as  the  others  do. 

All  Summer  they  remained  impervious  to  the  freqent  sprinklings 
which  they  received,  but  when  the  first  rain  came  one  night  in  early 
November,  four  or  five  of  them  woke  up  and  began  to  investigate 
matters.  They  seemed  to  appreciate  some  bread  and  lettuce,  but 
went  to  sleep  again  during  the  dry  weather  which  followed. 

Each  rain  brought  some  of  them  to  life,  and  during  a  long  and 
recent  rain,  nearly  every  one  of  them  "  came  to." 

A  few  of  them  have  died  since  awakening  out  of  their  sleep,  but 
I  think  their  time  had  come,  for  they  were  regular  old  patriarchs. 
I  have  not  noticed  any  addition  to  the  growth  of  the  larger  ones,  but 
the  smaller  ones  especially  little  "Glyp,"  have  made  quite  an  addi- 
tion to  their  houses.  The  newly  formed  shell  looks  soft  and  is 
almost  transparent. 

Perhaps  I  will  tire  those  who  know  all  about  raising  snails,  by  my 
long  description,  but,  I  hope  there  will  be  some  to  whom  my  report 
will  be  of  interest,  and  who  will  find  as  much  pleasure  and  profit  in 
in  a  Snailery  as  I  have  found. 


COMMUNICATION. 


To  all  readers  of  THE  NAUTILUS,  the  editorial  note  on  the  first 
page  of  the  January  number  suggests  the  possibility  that  the  pleas- 
ant monthly  visits  of  this  modest  but  valuable  little  journal  may  stop 
with  the  current  volume.  Are  we  as  conchoiogists  going  to  allow 


116  THE   NAUTILUS. 

this  to  happen  ?  We  have  the  cheerful  assurance  of  the  editors  that 
they  are  willing  to  do  their  part,  but  it  remains  for  us  to  do  ours.. 
No  steam  engine  can  be  run  without  steam,  no  matter  how  faithfully 
the  engineer  may  polish  the  metal  work  and  oil  the  bearing?.  And 
let  me  add  that  no  journal  can  maintain  its  existence  without  the 
expenditure  of  hard  cash,  as  well  as  careful  thought  and  labor  on 
the  part  of  the  editors.  To  be  sure,  in  the  present  instance  the  cash 
is  the  smaller  part  of  the  outlay,  but  some  one  must  furnish  it. 

THE  NAUTILUS  is  the  only  journal  in  the  country  devoted  wholly 
to  the  interests  of  conchologists,  and  whose  columns  are  open  to  our 
notes  and  exchanges.  It  rests  with  us,  the  conchologists  of  the 
country,  to  help  the  NAUTILUS  into  deep  water.  The  subscription 
price  is  a  trifling  amount  and  surely  we  receive  far  more  in  return. 
I  for  one  shall  miss  the  NAUTILUS  if  it  is  discontinued  and  I  know 
that  others  will.  Let  us  pay  up  if  we  have  not  already  done  so  and. 
get  our  friends  to  subscribe  as  well.  W.  J.  R. 

Oakland,  Cat.,  Jan.  6,  1897. 


IN  MEMORIAM— JOHN  H.  CAMPBELL. 


It  is  with  feelings  of  regret  and  sorrow  that  we  record  the  death 
of  our  late  fellow  conchologist  Mr.  John  H.  Campbell,  which  occur- 
red on  January  15th.  As  is  known  to  most  of  our  readers,  Mr. 
Campbell  was  the  first  President  of  the  American  Association  of 
Conchologists,  and  it  was  mainly  owing  to  his  energetic  nature  that 
the  Association,  during  the  time  of  his  activity,  exercised  a  wide  in- 
fluence and  stimulated  many  naturalists  to  more  earnest  study  of 
conchological  subjects. 

For  several  years  Mr.  Campbell  made  a  special  study  of  the 
Cii/inridie,  and  his  collection  of  these  ocean  gems  is  doubtless  the 
largest  and  finest  in  America. 

Mr.  Campbell  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  March  31st,  1847,  grad- 
uated from  the  Central  High  School  in  Feb.,  1864,  and  admitted  to 
the  Philadelphia  Bar,  April  4th,  1868.  He  was  elected  a  delegate 
at  large  to  the  Pennsylvania  Constitutional  Convention  and  served 
throughout  the  sessions  of  that  body  in  1872-3.  In  1873  he  became 
identified  with  the  Catholic  Total  Abstinence  Union,  and  for  eleven 
years  was  the  honored  President  of  the  Philadelphia  branch  of  that 
organization.  When  the  magnificent  fountain  erected  by  the  society, 
largely  through  his  efforts,  was  unveiled  in  Fairmount  Park,  July 
4th,  1877,  it  was  he  who  made  the  presentation  address. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  117 

Mr.  Campbell  was  also  a  member  of  several  other  prominent  asso- 
ciations, among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences,  Philadelphia  Atheneum,  and  Pennsylvania  Historical  So- 
ciety. He  was  the  author  of  several  valuable  papers,  but  perhaps 
the  chief  literary  work  of  his  life  is  the  History  of  the  Hibernian 
Society,  a  noble  volume  published  about  four  years  ago. 

To  his  bereaved  family  we  present  an  assurance  of  our  deepest 
sympathy,  trusting  that  He  who  tempers  the  winds  to  the  shorn  lamb 
will  comfort  and  cheer  their  sorrowing  hearts.  J.  F. 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


PLANOEBIS  NAUTILEUS  L.  IN  AMERICA.- — The  occurrence  of  this 
well-known  European  species  in  the  United  States  has  hitherto  rested 
upon  its  discovery  at  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan,  by  De  Tarr  and  Beecher, 
who  described  it  as  new  under  the  name  of  Planorbis  costatus. 

Several  years  ago,  among  some  Vallonia  pulehella  Mull.,  purport- 
ing to  come  from  Eaton,  N.  Y.,  a  single  specimen  of  this  Plunorbis 
was  found.  The  collector  of  these  specimens  was  unknown,  so  that 
no  further  information  was  obtainable,  and,  in  view  of  the  possibil- 
ity of  some  accidental  mixture  of  specimens,  I  have  refrained  from 
making  a  record  based  on  a  single  example,  which  might  be  erron- 
eous. Recently,  however,  I  have  received  specimens  of  this  species 
about  which  there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  which,  taken  in  connection 
with  the  Michigan  locality,  render  the  New  York  citation  fairly 
probable.  Mr.  O.  A.  Nylander,  of  Caribou,  Me.,  is  the  fortunate 
discoverer  of  the  new  locality  for  this  beautiful  little  species.  He 
writes  that  he  found  it  in  Barren  Brook,  Aroostook  County,  Maine, 
in  three  or  four  inches  of  water  under  logs  and  bark  associated  with 
Planorbis  parvus,  bicarinatus  and  trii'olns.  It  hardly  seems  possible 
that  in  this  locality,  so  remote  from  foreign  commerce,  the  species 
could  have  been  introduced  by  human  agency.  And  in  this  con- 
nection it  is  a  fact  of  some  significance,  that  in  the  same  brook  is 
found  a  small  Pisidlum,  which  Dr.  Sterki  saj'S  is  apparently  identi- 
cal with  the  European  P.  milium  Held.,  and  that  the  only  other 
known  American  locality  for  that  species  is  northern  Michigan. 

It  is  possible  that  the  small  size  of  the  shell  and  its  superficial  re- 
semblance to  a  very  young  Planorbis  exaentus  Say,  has  caused  it  to 
be  overlooked  by  collectors,  and  that  it  will  be  found  to  have  sub- 
stantially the  same  range  over  the  northern  part  of  this  continent  as 
other  circumpolar  species. — BRYANT  WALKER,  Detroit,  Mich. 


118  THE   NAUTILUS. 

A  NEW  VARIETY  OF  HELICINA  PLICATULA  PFE. — H.  plicatula 
v.  christophori.  Like  plicatula  in  sculpture,  but  the  umbilical  re- 
gion is  decidedly  concave,  excavated  around  the  smaller  callus, 
which  does  not  fill  it  as  it  does  in  plicatula.  Color  uniform  dark 
reddish  (like  H.  occulta  Say).  This  very  pretty  Helicina  was  col- 
lected by  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Rush,  U.  S.  N.,  at  the  island  of  St.  Kitts. 
A  large  number  of  specimens  were  taken.  It  differs  constantly  from 
H.  plicatula  of  Guadelupe  in  the  particulars  mentioned. 

H.  A.  Pilsbry. 

SOUTH  AMERICAN  VOLUTIDJE. — Dr.  H.  v.  Ihering  gives  a  valu- 
able review  of  the  Volutes  of  this  region  in  the  July-August  num- 
ber of  the  Nachrbl.  D.  M.  Gesellschaft.  Critical  notes  on  the 
classification  ma}'  be  summed  up  with  the  conclusion  that  the  group 
is  a  very  natural  one,  with  transition-forms  between  the  extremes. 
v.  Ihering  believes  V.  ferussaci  to  be  a  variety  of  V-  brasiliaita. 
The  tertiary  species  of  Chili  are  believed  to  be  Cymbiola  (Scaphella) 
forms,  and  two  new  species  are  described  from  the  Eocene  St.  Cruz 
formation,  of  which  one,  V.  ameghinoi,  is  stated  to  be  certainly  the 
ancestor  of  the  recent  V.  brasiliana.  It  should  be  mentioned  here 
that  the  Eocene  age  of  the  Santa  Cruz  beds  is  doubtful.  They  are 
more  likely  Miocene.  The  Cymbiolas  are  stated  to  have  arisen  from 
Alcithoe-like  progenitors,  but  whether  these  belong  to  the  Volutoid 
or  the  Scaphelloid  series  as  defined  in  DalPs  pioneer  study,  remains 
undecided. 

CAMPELOMA  DECISUM  SAY,  REVERSED.— A  series  of  this  species, 
collected  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Jefferis,  of  Philadelphia,  at  Fort  Edward 
on  the  Hudson  River,  N.  Y.,  has  been  carefully  examined  for  me 
by  Miss  Jennie  E.  Letson  for  sinistral  specimens,  with  the  following 
results:  Out  of  681  specimens,  mainly  adult,  but  including  those 
from  one-fourth  grown,  up,  none  were  siuistral.  Out  of  the  410 
shells  of  the  uterine  young  3  were  sinistral,  slightly  over  0'73  per 
cent.  Probably  all  who  have  collected  Campelomas  have  noticed 
the  greater  proportion  of  sinistral  examples  among  the  young  shells. 
This  doubtless  indicates  that  the  reversed  condition  is  an  unfavor- 
able one  for  maturation.  The  proportion  of  sinistral  adult  shells  in 
this  locality  must  be  very  much  smaller,  judging  by  the  negative 
result  obtained  ;  but,  of  course,  data  are  lacking  for  its  determina- 
tion.—//. A.  P. 

HAWAIIAN  LAND  MOLLUSKS. — Mr.  E.  R.  Sykes  has  given  descrip- 
tions of  new  species  of  Macrochlamya,  Endodonta  and  AchalinellidcB 
in  Proc.  Malac.  Soc.,  II,  pt.  3.  The  status  of  the  name  Microcystis 


THE    NAUTILUS.  119 

Beck  is  elucidated ;  the  conclusion  is  reached  that  ornatella  Beck 
should  be  considered  type  of  Microcystis.  The  small  one-colored 
Polynesian  Zonitoid  forms,  generally  placed  in  Microcystis,  are  refer- 
red to  the  genus  Maerochlamys,  Bens. 

YOUNG  PVRAMIDULA  STRIGOSA. — During  the  past  August  I 
cleaned  50  P.  strigosa  and  found  in  each  of  them  from  6  to  15  young 
shells.  Have  cleaned  hundreds  before  and  never  found  but  one. — 
Mnry  P.  Olnei/,  Spokane,  Wash. 

NOTE  ON  THE  GENERA  OF  S.  AMERICAN  AMNICOLIDJE. III  Writ- 
ing upon  this  subject  in  the  November  NAUTILUS,  the  papers  by 
Dr.  H.  von  Ihering  on  Die  Gattung  Paludestrina  (Xachrbl.D.  Mai. 
Gesellschaft,  VII,  1895,  p.  122),  and  Zur  Kenntniss  der  Gattung  Lith- 
oglyphus  (Malak.  Bl.  VII,  1885,  p.  96)  should  have  been  mentioned, 
as  they  are  the  most  important  contributions  to  our  knowledge  of  the 
anatomy  of  these  forms  yet  made.  In  regard  to  the  nomenclature 
adopted  by  von  Ihering,  one  criticism  may  be  made  :  he  states  that 
peristomata  Orb.  is  type  of  Paludestrina,  "  weil  d'Orbigny  nichtnur 
in  seiner  Voyage  Am.  Mer.,  sondern  auch  1835  im  Mag.  de  Zool.  den 
Namen  Paludestrina  verwandt  und  dabei  als  erste  Art  P.  peristomata 
beschreiben  hat."  This  is  not  the  case,  for  in  Magazin  de  Zoologie 
d'Orbigny  describes  the  South  American  forms  under  the  generic 
name  Paludina,  and  does  not  mention  Paludestrina,  which  was  first 
brought  forward  in  the  Voyage.  As  there  stated,  the  type  must  be 
"  Paludina  "  acuta,  of  France.  Von  Ihering  follows  Fischer  in  the 
wrong  spelling  "Littorinida  "  (as  though  derived  from  Littoritia)  of 
Eydoux  and  Souleyet's  Littorldina;  a  name  evidently  intended  as  a 
hybrid  of  Littorina  and  Paludina. — H.  A.  P. 

ANATOMY  OP  SULCOBASIS. — Messrs.  William  Moss  and  Wilfred 
Mark  Webb  have  examined  the  genitalia  and  dentition  of  two  species 
of  this  subgenus,  Chloritis  (Siilcobasis)  siirophora  and  C.  (S.)  rehsei, 
recording  their  results  in  The  Journal  of  Malacology  V,  no.  3.  They 
found  both  to  possess  a  short  spur,  in  addition  to  the  flagelluni,  at  the 
point  of  junction  of  vas  deferens  with  epiphallus,  and  there  was  no 
penis-papilla,  but  the  walls  of  its  lumen  are  wrinkled.  The  top  of  the 
tail  in  stirophora  has  a  median  row  of  large  tubercles,  only  part  of 
which  are  cleft,  instead  of  a  continuous  impressed  line  as  in  Chloritis 
species  previously  described.  The  spiral  sulci,  which  gave  name  to 
the  section,  do  not  occur  on  the  base  of  the  shell  in  C.  stirophora,  and 
are,  therefore,  not  characteristic  of  the  group. 


120  THE   NAUTILUS. 

PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


A  BIOLOGICAL  EXAMINATION  OP  LAKE  MICHIGAN,  etc.  (Bull. 
Mich.  Fish  Comm.,  No.  6).  A  brief  resume  of  the  malacological 
results  in  the  vicinity  of  Charlevoix,  Mich.,  by  Mr.  Bryant  Walker, 
is  given  on  pp.  96-99. 

THE  MOLLUSKS  AND  BEACHIOPODS  OF  THE  BAHAMA  EXPEDI- 
TION OF  THE  STATE  UNIVERSITY  OF  IOWA  (Nat.  Hist.  Bull.  S.  U. 
I.,  IV,  No.  1).  By  W.  H.  Dall.  New  forms  are  Murex  nuttlngi, 
Cerion  niteloides,  Liotia  centrifiiga,  Carditella  smithii,  the  latter  from 
Bermuda.  Cerion  mwmiola  Pfr.  is  recorded  from  Tortugas,  "  prob- 
ably the  result  of  transportation  by  sea  drift.  If  living  at  Tortugas 
it  would  add  a  new  species  to  the  fauna  of  the  U.  S."  The  new 
species  are  figured. 

ON  THE  CORRECT  POSITION  OF  THE  APERTURE  IN  PLANORBIS, 
by  F.  C.  Baker  (Cincinnati  Soc.  N.  H.,  XIX,  p.  45).  By  the 
examination  of  young  specimens  and  broken  adults,  Baker  concludes 
that  all  the  larger  species  examined  are  sinistral,  the  small  ones 
dextral  ;  these  terms  being  used  in  their  old  senses.  The  late  work 
of  Fischer  and  others  on  cognate  inquiries  is  not  referred  to. 

TIIK  ANATOMY  OF  SPH.KRIUM  SULCATUM  LAM.,  by  Oilman  A. 
Drew  (Proc.  Iowa  Acad.  Sci.,  1895).  A  thorough  and  useful  paper, 
illustrated  by  plates  of  details  and  a  reconstructed  figure  from  sec- 
tions. No  useful  abstract  can  be  made;  it  may  be  mentioned,  how- 
ever, that  a  vestige  of  the  byssal  gland  persists  in  the  adult.  The 
typhlosole  is  not  strongly  developed.  Sphserium  is  hermaphroditic, 
but  the  ova  and  sperm  are  produced  by  distinct  follicles,  the  ova- 
bearing  being  fewer  and  among  the  most  posterior.  A  useful  but 
not  exhaustive  bibliography  is  given. 

CONTRIBUTIONS  TOWARD  A  LIST  OF  PAPERS  RELATING  TO  TIIK 
NON-MARINE  MoLLUSCA  OF  THE  HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS,  by  E.  R. 
Sykes  (privately  printed).  Includes  scattered  papers,  other  than 
general  or  monographic  works,  and  within  this  scope  seems  to  be  a 
nearly  or  quite  complete  bibliography.  In  a  footnote  on  p.  5  Mr. 
Sykes  calls  attention  to  an  error  in  a  date  given  in  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  but  in  so  doing 
commits  an  equal  error  himself,  misquoting  the  date  actually  given 
in  the  Proceedings. — H.  A.  P. 


THE  NAUTILUS,  X. 


PLATE 


i,  2,   t;,  Unio  Superiorensis  Marsh. 
3,  4,      "      Askevvi  Marsh. 


O 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


Vol..  X.  MARCH,  1897.  No.  11 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  NEW  UNIONIDJE. 


Plate  I,  figs.  1.  2,  5,  Unio  superiorensis  Marsh.  For  description 
see  NAUTILUS  for  January,  1897,  p.  103. 

Figs.  3,  4,  Unio  Askewi  Marsh.  Description  in  NAUTILUS  for 
December  1896,  p.  91. 

Figures  are  natural  size.  The  specimens  illustrated  have  been 
placed  by  Mr.  Marsh  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 


LIST  OF  SPECIES  COLLECTED  AT  BAHIA.  BRAZIL,  BY  DR.  H.  VON 

IHERING. 


IDENTIFIED    BY    W.   H.    DALL. 


The  following  species  of  shells  were  collected  under  the  direction 
of  Dr.  H.  von  Ihering  at  Bahia,  except  when  otherwise  stated,  and 
were  forwarded  to  the  National  Museum  for  identification.  This 
list  includes  only  the  doubtful  species  which  could  not  be  named 
with  the  literature  available  at  the  San  Paulo  Museum.  Dr.  von 
Ihering  will  eventually  publish  a  complete  list  of  the  Brazilian  coast 
fauna;  meanwhile  these  identifications  may  be  useful  for  reference. 
The  remarkable  thing  about  the  collection,  made  500  miles  south  of 
Cape  San  Roque  and  2,200  miles  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon, 
is  its  typically  Autillean  character,  resembling  the  fauna  of  the 
Bahamas.  This  indicates  (if  there  be  no  uncertainty  as  to  the 


122 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


provenance  of  the  specimens)  that  the  present  distribution  of  the 
coast  fauna  antedates  the  present  volume  of  the  Amazonian  dis- 
charge, since  it  would  seem  incredible  that  so  many  thoroughly 
littoral  species  should  be  able  to  cross  the  present  area  of  some  hun- 
dreds of  miles  of  fresh  water  in  either  direction.  A  few  species 
marked  with  an  asterisk  are  inserted  on  Dr.  v.  Ihering's  authority. 


Melampus  flavus  Gmel. 

Bulla  striata  Brug. 

Terebra  cinerea  Born, San  Paulo. 

Conns  verrucosus  Hwass. 

Conns  raus  Hwas-s. 

Conns  daucus  Hwass. 

Drillia  albinodata  Reeve. 

Drillia  albociucta  C.  B.  Ads. 

Mangilia  limonitella  Dall. 

Olivella  jaspidea  Gmel. 

Olivella  nivea  Gmel. 

Marginalia  bullata.* 

Marginella  largillierti.* 

Volvarina  fusca  Sby. 

Mitra  uodulosa  Gmel. 

Turbinella  ovoidea  Kien.* 

Fasciolaria  aurantiaca  Lam.* 

Leucozonia  cingulif'era  Lam. 

Pisania  pusio  var.  janeirensis 
Orb. 

Tritonidea  tincta  Conr.  (!) 

Nassa  vibex  Say,  Rio. 

Nassa  ambigua  Mtg. 

Anachis  albella  C.  B.  Ads. 

Anachis  catenata  Sby. 

Nitidella  nitidula  Shy. 

Columbella  mercatoria  L. 

Mu rex  pomum  Gmel.* 

Coralliophila  galea  <  'b. 

Sistrum  nodulosum  C.  B.  Ads. 

Purpura  Iwrnastoma  Lam.,  typi- 
cal, Rio  ( irande  do  Sul. 

Purpura  hii'inastoma  var.  trini- 
tatensis  Guppy. 


Janthina  com  munis  Lam. 
Janthina  exigua,  Bahia. 
Tritonium    tritouis   var.    nobile 

Conr. 

Tritonium  femorale  L. 
Tritonium  chlorostomum  Lam. 
Lambidium  oniscus  L. 
Ranella  ponderosa  Reeve. 
Cassis  tuberosa.* 
Dolium  perdix*  L.,  replacing  D. 

galea  of  San  Paulo. 
Trivia  suffusa  Gray. 
Cypnea  cinerea  Gmel. 
Strom  bus  pugilis  L.,  Bahia  and 

southward. 
Strombus   costatus    Gmel.    (not 

south  of  Bahia,  v.Ihr.). 
Strombus  gallus  L.  (not  south  of 

Bahia,  v.  Ihr.). 
Cerithium  literatuin  Born. 
Cerithi urn  algicola  C.  B.  Ads.  ? 
Cerithium    atratum    var.   varia- 

bile  ?  Ads. 

Modulus  modulus  L. 
•Siphonium  nebulosum  Dillw. 
Vermicularia  spirata  Phil. 
Petalocouchus  irregularis  Orb. 
Crepidula  plana  Say. 
Amalthea  antiquata  L. 
Capulus  incurvatus  Gmel. 
Polynices  porcellana  Orb. 
Polyuices  lactea  Gmel. 
Polynices    caudidissima    Reel.,* 

replacing  the  next. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


123 


Polyuices   brunnea    Link.,   San 

Paulo. 

Polynices  rufilabris  Rve.* 
Natica  canrena  Lain. 
Natica  pusilla  Say  (!). 
Natica  sulcata  Lain. 
Acmrea  onyehina  Old. 
Phasianella  minuta  Anton. 
Uvanilla  americana  Gmel. 
Astralium  tuber  L. 
Omphalius  hotessieriauus  Orb. 
Calliostoma  jucundum  Gld. 
Calliostonia  jujubiiiuni  Gmel. 
Subemarginula   octoradiata 

Gmel. 

Fissurella  rosea  Gmel. 
Fissuridea  alter  nata  Say. 
Plicatula  ramosa  Lam. 
Spondylus  spathuliferus  var.  in- 

ermis. 

Pecten  ornatus  Lam. 
Mytilus  exustus  Lam. 
Botulina  opifex  Say. 
Area  jamaicensis  Gmel. 
Area  imbricata.* 


Area  auriculata.* 

Area  Candida  Ch.,  San  Paulo. 

Lueina  costata  Conr.  . 

Chama  congregata  Conr. 

Cardium  Isevigatum  L. 

Venus  pectorina  Lam.   (also  S. 

Paulo). 

Venus  cribraria  Conr. 
Venus  circinata  Born. 
Venus  subrostrata  Lam.  (beaui 

Reel.). 

Cytherea  varians  Wood. 
Dosinia    concentrica    Born,     S. 

Paulo. 

Lucinopsis  tennis  Reel.,  S.  Paulo. 
Tagelus    mollis    Gould,     Rio 

Grande  do  Sul. 
Tagelus  gibbus  Spengl.  (+  pla- 

tensis  Orb.). 

Macoma  constricta  Brug. 
Mactrella   Ilieringi   Dall,  n.  sp., 

San  Paulo. 

Semele  reticulata  Gmel. 
Bouchurdia  rosea  Mawe  (Rio?). 


Mactrella  Iheringi  n.  sp. 

Shell  thin,  white,  inflated,  with  small  and  prominent  beaks,  ex- 
ternally with  fine  concentric,  and  a  few  irregular,  radial  lines,  and 
a  silky-yellowish  epidermis,  the  beaks  median,  smooth,  with  an  obso- 
lete posterior  keel,  the  lunular  region  widely  and  deeply  impressed  ; 
hinge  of  the  subgenus,  the  pallial  sinus  angular,  reaching  to  the 
vertical  of  the  beaks.  Lon.  65'0  ;  alt.  52'0  ;  diam.  32-0  mm. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 


[Conducted  in  the  interest  of  the  Isaac  Lea  Conchological  Chapter  of  the  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Secretary,  Mrs.  M.  Burton  Williamson.] 


VolumeS  of  the  Transactions  has  begun  its  annual  round  of  the 
Chapter  members.      It  will  be  some  time  before  every  member  has 


124  THE    NAUTILUS. 

received  the  book,  but  extracts  from  it  will  be  found  in  this  depart- 
ment ot  THE  NAUTILUS  from  month  to  month.  Our  Chapter  can- 
not afford  to  do  without  THE  NAUTILUS. 

On  page  112,  February  number,  under  "  Section  C  "  the  name  of 
the  city  (Toronto)  was  omitted  in  Mr.  Lemon's  address. 

Members  of  our  Chapter  interested  in  West  Coast  mollusks,  will 
find  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Dall's  bulletin  on  "  Diagnosis  of  New  Species  of 
Mollusks  from  the  West  Coast  of  America  "  valuable.  It  contains 
27  new  species  and  2  new  genera.  The  shells  were  collected  by  the 
Albatross  from  points  as  far  north  as  Tillamook,  Washington,  to  the 
Gulf  of  Panama,  excepting  one  species  dredged  off  the  Argentine 
coast.  In  this  species  Philobryn,  instead  of  the  more  familiar  Urun- 
phi/a  is  used  for  the  genus,  the  reason  for  this  is  given.  A  Nucul/t 
is  described  as  being  "  one  of  the  largest  known."  Two  orbicular 
species  of  Feriploma  are  described.  Mention  of  this  bulletin  will  be 
found  in  the  August  number  of  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Another  publication  of  the  National  Museum  is  Charles  T.  Simp- 
son's comprehensive  work  upon  the  Naiades,  entitled  "The  Classifi- 
cation and  Geographical  Distribution  of  the  Pearly  Freshwater 
Mussels."  The  title  will  convey  to  our  members  some  idea  of  its 
scope.  The  genus  Margaritana  is  placed  with  the  genus  Unio.  A 
comparison  of  Unio  pressus  and  Margaritana  rugosa  is  presented. 
The  various  areas  of  the  Naiades  are  given,  Europe,  Asia,  Africa, 
America  and  the  islands  of  the  seas,  also  a  map  showing  distribution. 
The  Geological  age  of  Unios  is  noticed,  and  the  bulletin  contains 
many  references  to  the  hooks  and  pamphlets  written  on  the  pearly 
freshwater  mussels.  It  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  molluscan  lit- 
erature. 


A  TRAY  OF  SHELLS  FROM  DENMARK. 


(Extract  from  the  report  of  the  President,  Prof.  Josiah  Keep.      From  the  Transac- 
tions of  the  Isaac  Lea  Chapter  for  1896. 


(In  the  report  of  the  President,  Professor  Keep,  he  has  given 
minute  instructions  in  reference  to  an  exchange  of  United  States 
shells  for  European  forms  by  an  illustration.  He  tells  the  members 
of  our  Chapter  how  he  sent  some  West  Coast  Mollusks  to  a  gentle- 
man in  Copenhagen,  the  return  of  his  box  filled  with  foreign  shells 


THE    NAUTILUS.  125 

from  the  North  Sea,  the  value  of  Latin  and  Latinized  terms  iu 
nomenclature  the  world  over,  and  of  the  difference  of  geographical 
names  written  in  Danish.  This  article  is  also  illustrated  with  pen 
and  ink  drawings  of  the  shells  mentioned  in  his  report.  These  are 
are  all  omitted  from  the  following  paper.  M.  B.  W.). 

Now  as  to  the  shells  themselves.  There  were  no  large  specimens, 
the  largest  bivalve  being  a  fat  horse  mussel  Modioln  mod  wins  var. 
umbilicata,  about  four  inches  long.  The  shell  is  white  and  thin,  the 
epidermis  brown  and  glossy,  with  a  tendency  to  become  hairy  near  the 
front  of  the  shells.  It  greatly  resembles  the  Modiolas  of  our  coast. 
Cyprinfi  ixfniidlea,  three  inches  long,  is  a  nearly  circular  bivalve, 
with  strong  hinge  teeth  and  external  ligament,  and  in  shape  it 
greatly  resembles  an  ordinary  quahog.  The  whole  exterior,  how- 
ever, is  covered  with  a  black  epidermis  which  makes  it  look  like  a 
monster  Cyclas  from  our  brooks. 

Of  gasteropod  shells  the  largest  is  the  historic  Fnsus  antiques,  the 
"waring  buckle"  that  Woodward  speaks  of,  which  used  to  be  em- 
ployed as  a  lamp,1  the  slender  canal  being  just  fitted  for  a  little 
wick.  This  Fusus  is  an  elegant  shell,  tapering  equally  at  both  ends, 
the  whorls  well  rounded,  and  the  surface  divided  into  minute  cheeks. 
It  seems  like  an  old  friend  from  beyond  the  sea,  and  tells  the  story 
of  children  at  play  in  the  little  Shetland  cottages,  listening  to  the 
mysterious  roar  of  the  sea  in  the  shell,  while  the  strange  lamp  sheds 
a  faint  ray  over  the  humble  scene.  Happy  shall  we  be  if  we  make 
our  specimens  tell  us  stories  of  the  land  across  the  seas  from  which 
they  come  ! 

Of  Pectens  there  were  five  species.  P.  opercularis  a  round  regu- 
lar shell,  white  within,  marked  by  about  twenty  ribs,  and  the  sur- 
face cut  into  myriads  of  little  projections,  like  the  teeth  on  a  cross 
cut  file.  P.  varius  is  more  one  sided,  like  our  P.  hastatus.  Within 
the  shell  is  of  a  magnificent  royal  purple,  while  the  outside  of  its 
thirty  ribs  is  dark  and  dingy.  Both  of  these  species  have  shells 
about  two  inches  across.  A  smaller  kind,  Pecten  pes-lutm;  the 
"  otter's  foot,"  has  only  five  ribs,  and  they  are  more  like  waves  than 
typical  ribs.  The  shells  are  shining  white  within,  while  the  outside 
is  red  on  one  valve  and  gray  on  the  other. 

Of  Cockles  there  is  the  pretty  little  Cardiwn  edule,  strong  and 
smooth,  and  the  spiny  C.  echinatum,  about  the  size  of  a  hen's  egg, 
and  whose  ribs  are  set  with  a  multitude  of  little  sharp  saw  teeth. 
Mya  arenaria  is  present  also,  having  a  shell  rather  more  dense  and 


126  THE    NAUTILUS. 

firm  than  those  of  its  brothers  which  flourish  so  finely  in  San  Fran- 
cisco Bay.  A  slender  curved  specimen  of  Solen  en*i$,  the  length  of 
one's  finger,  is  present  from  its  home  in  the  sands  of  the  "Skagen," 
while  its  little  cousin  8.  pellucidus,  is  almost  as  thin  and  transparent 
as  tissue  paper.  Quite  the  opposite  from  this  are  the  heavy  black 
shells  of  Astarte  compressa  from  Greenland.  This  northerner  seems 
heavily  clad  to  resist  the  waves  of  his  native  region. 

The  principal  limpet  is  Putilln  m/i/fiin,  a  large,  heavy,  conical 
shell,  with  a  sharp  apex  and  rather  distinct  ribs.  There  is  also  an 
oblong  sea  weed  limpet,  He Icion  pellucid um.  Naturally  you  will  find 
Nassa  reticiilafa  present,  a  plump,  checked  shell  about  an  inch  in 
length  ;  also  that  sharp  corkscrew  Turritella  ierebra. 

Macoma  baltica  is  a  thick  shelled,  short  and  stout  little  Dutchman, 
whose  interior  is  as  rosy  as  the  coming  of  dawn,  and  whose  very  red- 
ness shines  clear  through  its  white  exterior.  There  are  other  tellens, 
small,  flat  and  thin,  also  some  small  top-shells  of  which  Trochus 
cinerarius  is  chief.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  almost  all  the  shells 
were  named  by  the  great  Linne,  and  we  are  carried  back  to  the 
cheery  northland,  where  he  explored  and  studied  and  wrote  not  for 
his  time  alone,  but  for  future  generations  as  well. 

Of  freshwater  shells  there  is  the  great  Planorbis  cornens,  an  inch 
and  a  quarter  across,  the  little  button-like  P.  umbilleatiis,  the  thin- 
shelled,  inflated  Limncea  orata  and  that  odd  little  three-cornered 
mussel  Dreissena  polymorphic  This  shell  is  shaped  like  a  large 
beechnut,  and  from  one  side  comes  out  a  byssus  of  fine  black  silk. 
Note  what  Woodward  says  of  this  little  creature  that  has  strayed 
from  its  home  in  southern  Russia,  and  has  even  entered  the  iron 
water  pipes  of  London. 

Helix  pomatia,  the  great  edible  snail,  adds  two  large  shells  to  the 
collection.  I  have  just  obtained  some  live  specimens  of  this  species 
which  were  imported  by  San  Francisco  grocers,  and  intend  to  try  to 
domesticate  them.  My  Danish  collection  contains  several  other  spe- 
cies of  Helix,  e.  g.,  the  well  known  garden  snails,  //.  in-nwrali«  and 
H.  hortensis,  so  common  in  England.  There  are  also  several  small 
forms,  like  Helix  Itixpida  and  minute  kinds  like  Zn<t  lidn-i'-n. 
Finally  there  are  specimens  of  the  singular  genus  Clausilia,  with 
their  long  slender,  many  whorled  little  shells,  whose  apertures  are 
set  with  teeth,  as  if  to  keep  the  poor  little  creature  inside  his  prison 
house,  or  more  probably  to  keep  his  enemies  out. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  127 

In  all,  my  collection  contains  62  species,  and  as  I  examine  them 
from  time  to  time,  I  not  only  see  many  interesting  shells,  whose 
names  are  all  as  common  to  the  conchologist  as  household  words,  but 
I  am  also  transported  in  imagination  baik  to  those  northern  regions 
whence  came  the  early  ancestors  of  our  Anglo-Saxon  forefathers. 


POSTAGE  ON  SPECIMENS  OF  NATUKAL  HISTORY. 


In  THE  NAUTILUS,  Vol.  VII,  p.  58,  September,  1893,  we  have 
had  something  to  say  on  the  subject  of  postage  on  specimens  of 
natural  history  to  foreign  countries.  We  have  there  detailed  the 
efforts  made  by  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 
to  obtain  lower  rates,  explaining  that  the  present  regulations  of  the 
Universal  Postal  Union  permit  such  specimens  to  be  mailed  only  at 
letter  rates.  It  is  indeed  true  that  many  countries  have  Parcel 
Posts,  the  charges  for  which  are  lower  than  those  for  letters.  The 
aim  of  the  Academy  has  been  to  secure  the  adoption  by  the  Postal 
Union  of  a  proposition  offered  by  the  U.  S.  Post  Office  Department 
that  specimens  of  natural  history  be  admitted  to  the  international 
mails  at  the  rates  for,  and  under  the  conditions  applicable  to,  sam- 
ples of  merchandise.  This  proposition  was,  however,  rejected  at  the 
last  International  Postal  Congress  of  Vienna. 

At  the  International  Congress  of  Zoology,  held  at  Leydeu,  Hol- 
'land,  in  September,  1895,  Dr.  Chas.  Wardell  Stiles,  official  delegate 
to  the  U.  S.  Government,  offered  resolutions,  which  were  subse- 
quently adopted,  that  the  Swiss  Government  be  requested,  through 
its  delegate  to  the  Congress  of  Zoology,  to  propose  to  the  next  Inter- 
national Postal  Congress  an  amendment  to  the  regulations  thereof 
whereby  specimens  of  Natural  History  shall  be  carried  in  the  mails 
of  the  Universal  Postal  Union  at  the  rates  for  samples  of  merchan- 
dise ;  that  an  appeal  should  be  addressed  to  all  the  delegates  and 
members  of  the  Congress  of  Zoology  to  bring  this  amendment  to 
the  notice  of  their  respective  governments,  so  that  those  govern- 
ments should  instruct  their  delegates  to  the  Postal  Congress  to  act 
favorably  upon  the  same  ;  that  copies  of  these  resolutions  be  sent  by 
the  Secretary  of  the  Congress  of  Zoology  to  all  governments  forming 
part  of  the  Universal  Postal  Union  and  which  were  not  represented 
at  the  Congress  of  Zoology. 


128  THE    NAUTILUS. 

In  accordance  with  these  resolutions,  Dr.  Stiles  suggested  to  the 
committee  of  the  Academy  in  charge  of  this  matter  of  postage  that, 
although  it  is  probable  that  the  U.  S.  Government  will  vote  in  favor 
of  this  proposed  amendment,  seeing  that  it  is  the  same  proposition 
which  the  United  States  had  presented  at  Vienna,  the  cause  would 
be  helped  by  the  Academy  adopting  resolutions  in  favor  of  this 
proposed  amendment  and  requesting  the  Postmater-General  at 
Washington  to  instruct  our  American  delegates  to  vote  in  favor  of 
it. 

This  the  Academy  has  done  ;  but  other  American  scientific  bodies 
should  join  in  the  work,  adopt  similar  resolutions  and  send  them  to 
our  Postmaster-General  that  he  may  know  that  the  students  of 
natural  history  in  the  United  States  eagerly  desire  such  a  reduction 
in  postage  rates.  The  next  International  Postal  Congress  meet.-  ;it 
Washington  on  the  fifth  of  May  next.  The  purpose  of  this  article 
is  to  urge  all  those  who  read  it  to  use  such  means  and  influence  as 
may  be  at  their  command  to  help  in  the  accomplishment  of  this 
end. 

For  the  guidance  of  those  who  will  aid  in  the  manner  suggested, 
a  translation  of  the  original  French  text  of  the  amendment  referred 
to  is  as  follows  : 

"Amendment  to  Article  XIX  I  samples  i  4,  of  the  Regulations  of  De- 
tails and  Order. 

5.  OlijerN  uf  natural  history,  dried  or  preserved  animals 
:iri(l  plants,  geological  specimens,  etc.,  of  which  the  transmis- 
sion has  no  commercial  interest,  :unl  ilie  p.-ieking  of  which 
conforms  to  the  general  conditions  concerning  pneknues  of 
samples  of  merchandise." 

If  this  amendment  be  adopted  by  the  Postal  Congress,  specimens 
of  Natural  History  can  be  sent  to  countries  of  the  Universal  Postal 
Union  at  the  rate  of  one  cent  for  every  two  ounces. 


IN  MEMORIAM— HEJIRY  MOORES. 


It  was  not  until  recently  that  we  learned  of  the  death  of  our  old 
friend,  Mr.  Henry  Moores,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  which  occurred  on 
October  1,  1896,  in  his  85th  year.  A  correspondent  of  Say,  Amos 
Binney,  Conrad,  Lea,  Haldeman  and  others,  we  might  well  say 
that  he  is  the  last  of  the  "  old  school." 


THE    NAUTILUS.  129 

Born  in  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  June  13,  1812,  he  went  to  Columbus, 
Ohio,  in  the  fall  of  1843.  Remaining  there  until  the  following 
spring,  he  moved  to  Albany,  N.  Y.  Here  he  remained  until  Sep- 
tember, 1845,  when  he  married  and  returned  to  Columbus,  residing 
there  continuously  until  his  death,  with  the  exception  of  a  trip  to 
California  and  a  year's  residence  in  Dayton,  Ohio. 

He  was  an  earnest  and  enthusiastic  naturalist,  being  interested  in 
both  the  recent  and  fossil  forms.  Mr.  Moores  discovered  and 
named  the  following  new  species  o(  Union  idee :  Anodonta  hoekin- 
ijfiixix;  A.  sommersi ;  A.  hydei;  A.  freidi.  Dr.  Lea  named,  in  his 
honor,  Succinea,  mooresi.  A  fossil  crinoid,  Zeocrintis  mooresi  Whit- 
field,  and  a  fossil  bivalve  from  Carbon  Hill,  Scktzodiis  mooresi  Mil- 
ler were  respectively  dedicated  to  him. 

There  was  also  one  snail  discovered  by  him  in  Texas,  and 
named,  by  Mr.  Binney,  Helix  mooreana.  Some  of  the  shells  in  his 
collection  were  collected  over  a  hundred  years  ago  by  early  scien- 
tists; one  bears  the  date  1778,  and  many  are  wrapped  in  pieces  of 
newspapers  dating  as  far  back  as  1850  and  earlier.  Like  many 
others,  Mr.  Moores  caught  the  gold  fever  in  1849,  and  some  of  the 
specimens  in  the  Ohio  State  University  Museum  were  collected  by 
him  then. 

His  own  private  catalogue  of  species  is  a  work  of  scientific 
value  for  its  accurate  arrangement  and  modern  classification. 

As  a  reward  of  his  industry  his  cabinet  contained  over  thirty-three 
hundred  species  of  land,  fresh  water  and  marine  shells,  about  one 
thousand  species  of  fossils  and  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  varieties 
of  minerals. 

But  the  industry  of  one  man  may  be  better  understood  when  it  is 
said  that  it  took  three  days'  solid  work  for  a  drayman  with  horse 
and  wagon  to  move  the  collection  from  Mr.  Moores'  former  home 
on  W.  Rich  street  to  the  University,  after  he  had  spent  nearly  five 
weeks  in  packing  them  in  boxes  and  preparing  them  for  the  trans- 
fer. The  real  scientific  ability  of  the  collector  is  shown  in  the  fact 
that,  every  specimen  that  could  be  labelled  bore  its  card,  giving  all 
data  necessary  for  any  person  to  take  it  up  and  study  it  understaud- 
ingly.  This  one  feature  adds  more  to  the  value  of  the  collection 
than  anything  else  possibly  can,  except  first-class  specimens,  and 
those  of  this  collection  are  of  the  best.  If  it  were  necessary  to 
choose  between  poor  specimens  with  full  and  accurate  data  and  good 
ones  with  no  labels,  it  is  often  that  the  scientific  student  would  choose 


130  THE    NAUTILUS. 

the  former.  But  there  is  no  need  of  such  a  choice  here,  for  both 
quality  and  accurate  data  abound,  as  well  as  quantity,  giving  all  that 
the  most  thorough  student  might  require. 

The  purchase  was  made  by  the  Ohio  State  University,  principally 
for  .the  shells,  to  place  them  in  the  room  for  the  department  of 
zoology,  and  the  fossils  were  a  secondary  consideration,  hut  when 
Dr.  Orton  saw  the  fine  number  of  specimens  that  were  to  be  added 
to  the  university  collection  as  new  species,  as  well  as  the  great  num- 
ber of  desirable  duplicates,  enabling  numerous  exchanges,  he  was 
forced  to  remark,  "  Oh  this  makes  us  rich.  This  is  material  that 
we  had  not  counted  upon."  The  assistant  geologist  has  been  busy 
until  the  present  time  on  the  Lower  Silurian  specimens  alone,  or 
only  those  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati,  and  in  working  over 
them  and  cataloguing  them  for  the  museum  he  has  entered  over  one 
hundred  species  from  that  locality  alone  that  had  not  formerly  ap- 
peared in  the  University  collection.  Of  the  Devonian  fossils,  found 
near  Columbus,  there  is  an  immense  number;  especially  are  the 
fossil  corals  very  fine  and  nicely  cleaned,  but  it  yet  remains  for 
work  in  the  near  future  to  tell  how  many  specimens  may  be  found 
among  them  that  are  new  to  the  museum  collection. 

There  is  the  most  complete  set  of  carboniferous  specimens,  from 
Carbon  Hill,  Hocking  County,  0.,  that  the  world  knows.  It  was 
in  this  locality  that  Mr.  Moores  did  most  of  his  field  work  in  palre- 
ontology  and  made  some  of  his  most  valuable  discoveries. 

But  the  part  of  the  collection  with  which  Mr.  Moores  has  more 
recently  done  his  entire  scientific  work  is  to  be  found  now  in  the  de- 
partment of  zoology.  All  possible  varieties  of  shells  from  all  over 
the  world  have  been  collected,  labelled  and  arranged  bv  this  inde- 
fatigable naturalist.  These  specimens  vary  from  the  beautiful  pink 
and  green  radiating  "  sun  shell  ""of  the  Atlantic  coast  to  the  plain 
and  lowly  house  of  our  ordinary,  slowly  plodding  snail,  or  from  the 
thick,  glossy  and  bright  colored  shell  of  the  tropical  region  to  that 
of  the  more  sombre  hue  of  the  arctics. 

We  are  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  his  daughter,  Mrs.  A.  S. 
Humphreys,  for  greater  part  of  the  above  information.- — C.  W.  J. 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


PLANORBIS  NAUTILKUS  L. — Referring  to  Mr.  Walker's  interest- 
ing notes  on  this  species  in  the  February  number  of  THE  NAUTILUS, 
I  may  say  that  a  few  were  taken  at  Hamilton,  Ontario,  in  1889.  In 


THE    NAUTILUS.  131 

the  report  of  theConchological  Division  of  the  Biological  Section  of 
the  Hamilton  Association  contained  in  the  Journal  and  Proceedings 
of  the  Association  for  the  Session  1889-90,  the  following  note  on 
Planorbis  ncmtileus  appears: — 

Occurs  in  a  small  piece  of  marsh  at  the  junction  of  Hamilton  Bay 
(Lake  Ontario)  and  the  Desjardines  Canal.  A  very  tiny  shell,  the 
smallest  water  shell  known  to  me;  is  hairy.  The  Rev.  G.  W.  Tay- 
lor in  naming  it  states  that  this  is  identical  with  the  English  P. 
/mid  Hi  'us.  From  its  small  size  is  difficult  to  find  ;  if  an  introduced 
shell  it  would  be  interesting  to  know  by  what  agency  it  reached  its 
present  habitat.  Do  not  know  that  it  has  been  taken  anywhere  else 
in  North  America.  I  found  the  shell  among  layers  of  dead  leaves 
and  on  the  stems  of  reeds  in  a  few  inches  of  water;  not  many  were 
met  with,  but  as  it  required  considerable  patience,  especially  in  such 
moist  surroundings,  special  search  for  them  was  only  made  on  one 
or  two  occasions.  The  Dundes  marsh  is  of  large  area,  and  I  dare 
say  the  species  occurs  throughout  it. — A.  W.  HANHAM,  Winnipeg, 
.Man. 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


DRAGAGES  EFFECTUES  PAR  L'HIRONDELLE  ET  PAR  LA  PRIN- 
CESSE- ALICE,  1888-1895,  par  Ph.  Dautzenberget  H.  Fischer  (Mem. 
Soc.  Zool.  France,  1886,  pp.  104,  pi.  7).  An  important  paper  on 
the  deep  sea  Gastropod  fauna  of  the  Eastern  Atlantic,  supple- 
menting the  extensive  works  of  Jeffreys  and  Watson.  Most  of 
the  dredging  was  done  around  the  Azores  Islands,  where  be- 
sides numerous  new  species  of  many  genera,  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  forms  first  described  from  the  western  Atlantic  and  Gulf  of 
Mexico  occurred,  such  as  Pleurotoma  sigsbeei,  centimata,  serga, 
comatropi*  Dall,  chariessa  Watson,  Sip  ho  profundicola  Verrill  and 
Smith,  Coralliophila  lactuca  Dall,  etc.  Among  the  more  interesting  ' 
new  species  described  are  two  Mitromorphas,  Kryptos  elegans  Jetfr. 
mss.,  Iphitus  cancellatu*  and  tenerrimus,  Danilia  affinis,  some  fine 
species  of  Solariella  and  Calliostoma,  a  Turcicitla,  two  Fissuriseptas, 
two  species  of  Propilidum  and  an  Acmtea  (Azores,  1,385  meters!)  ; 
the  latter  probably  not  really  belonging  to  this  genus. 

The  figures  are  for  the  most  part  very  good  examples  of  heliotype 
work,  but  in  some  cases  lack  clearness  of  detail.      Messrs.  Dautzen- 


132  THE    NAUTILUS. 

berg  and  Fischer  have  left  little  to  criticise  in  the  text,  although  we 
could  wish  that  they  had  assorted  the  new  Pleitrotomidce  into  sub- 
generic  groups. — H.  A.  P. 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  TERTIARY  FOSSILS  FROM  THE  ANTILLLEAN 
REGION,  by  R.  J.  Lechmere  Guppy  and  Wm.  H.  Dall  (Proc.  U. 
S.  Nat.  Museum,  XIX,  pages  303-331,  Plates  XXVII-XXX, 
1896).  In  the  preliminary  remarks  Dr.  Dall  gives stratigraphically 
the  source  of  the  various  fossils  described.  The  Pliocene  material 
was  obtained  from  Moen,  Costa  Rica.  TheCaroui  beds  of  Trinidad, 
the  deposits  at  Bowden,  Jamaica,  and  in  Haiti,  and  the  Chipola 
beds  of  Florida  which  have  long  been  referred  to  the  Miocene,  are 
here  placed  in  the  Upper  Oligocene,  no  strictly  Miocene  strata  be- 
ing recognized  in  the  Antillean  region.  The  Gatuu  beds  of  Con- 
rad and  Hill  on  the  Panama  Isthmus  are  Eocene,  and  contain  a 
fair  proportion  of  the  species  common  to  the  Claibornian  of  Ala. 
and  the  Upper  Tejon  of  Cal.  "  The  list  of  Tertiary  fossils  of  the 
West  Indian  region,  prepared  by  Mr.  Guppy  in  1874,  comprised 
some  250  species  of  fossil  mollusks,  but  the  fauna  is  much  richer 
than  this,  since  in  one  day  at  the  Bowden  beds,  Messrs.  Henderson 
and  Simpson  procured  over  400  species.  A  significant  proportion 
of  these  appear  to  have  survived  little  changed,  or  to  be  represented 
by  closely  analogous  species  in  the  recent  fauna  of  the  West  Indies." 
In  this  paper  43  new  species  are  described  by  Mr.  Guppy  and  19 
by  Dr.  Dall,  besides  notes  on  a  number  of  well  known  and  doubtful 
species. — C.  W.  J. 

ON  THE  Grasius  REMONDIA  GAHB,  A  CROUP  OF  CRETACEOUS 
BIVALVE  MOLLUSKS,  by  Timothy  W.  Stanton  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Miis.,  XIX,  pages  299-30],  pi.  XXVI).  The  type  of  this  genus  is 
Remondia  furcata  Gabb.  "  The  genus  has  been  recognized  in  the 
Manuals  of  Couchology  and  Paleontology,  and  placed  in  the  Tri- 
goniidte  by  Tryon,  Zittel  and  Fischer,  though  the  latter  remarks 
that  it  would  perhaps  be  better  placed  near  Axtnrte."  Mr.  Stanton 
places  it  in  family  Orassitellidfe  or  Craesitellitida;,  as  the  family  is 
now  called. 

NEW  AND  INTERESTING  EOCENE  MOLLUSCA  FROM  THE  GULF 
STATES,  by  Gilbert  D.  Harris  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  1896,  pages 
470-482,  pis.  XVIII-XXIII).  This  paper  relates  to  new  and  in- 
teresting forms  in  the  "  Lea  Collection  of  Eocene  Mollusca  "  in  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  Seventeen  new  spe- 
cies are  described  and  a  number  of  specimens  that  are  much  finer 
than  the  types,  have  also  been  figured. 


"HE   NAUTILUS. 


VOL.  X.  APRIL,  1897.  No.  12 


THE  IANTHINAS. 


BY    CHARLES   T.    SIMPSON. 


The  lanthinas,  or  violet  snails,  live  gregarious  in  the  open  seas  of 
the  tropics,  and  float  by  means  of  a  raft  composed  of  vesicles  filled 
with  air,  which  cannot  be  withdrawn  into  the  shell.  Sometimes 
they  are  carried  by  winds  and  currents  into  the  seas  of  temperate 
regions,  and  their  shells  have  been  found  along  the  shores  of  our 
own  country  as  far  north  as  New  England.  I  had  collected  for 
many  years  and  in  many  countries,  but  had  never  found,  perhaps, 
more  than  a  dozen  dead,  broken  shells.  In  January,  J883, 1  was  on 
a  large  schooner  bound  for  Spanish  Honduras,  and  we  stopped  at 
Key  West,  where  I  spent  one  of  the  most  delightful  weeks  of  my  life 
gathering  Cylindrellas,  Chondropomas,  Cerions,  He  I  id-net  orbiculata, 
and  the  beautiful  Orthalicus,  Liguiis,  and  Bulimulus  mnliilineatus 
in  the  thick,  thorny,  tropical  scrub,  or  Strombs  and  bright  Tellinas 
and  blending  Neritas  and  a  hundred  other  interesting  forms  along 
the  south  shore.  We  were  to  sail  about  noon  on  Sunday,  but  I 
could  not  resist  the  temptation  to  take  one  last  look  at  the  places 
where  I  had  spent  so  many  happy  hours,  so  after  breakfast  I  wan- 
dered through  the  city  and  out  to  the  beach. 

Before  I  reached  it  I  noticed  that  as  far  as  the  eye  could  see,  it 
was  a  mass  of  the  most  intense,  glowing  violet  color,  and  on  coming 
up  to  it  was  astonished  to  find  that  this  color  came  from  untold  mil- 
lions of  lanthina,  which  had  been  washed  up  in  the  night,  for  when 
I  had  left  the  beach  the  evening  before  at  dusk,  not  one  was  to  be 
seen.  To  say  that  they  lined  the  shore  gives  no  idea  of  the  real 
truth.  Everywhere,  from  below  low  water  to  highest  tide  mark 
they  were  piled  up,  in  most  places,  over  shoe-top  deep,  and  in  the 
hollows  of  rocks  one  could  have  waded  in  among  them  up  to  his 
knees — shell,  animal  and  float  all  of  a  vivid  purple,  the  richness  of 


134  THE    NAUTILUS. 

which  soon  fades,  to  a  great  extent,  in  dead  shells  or  preserved  speci- 
mens. They  were  all  dead — a  kind  of  slimy  mass — and  they  some- 
how looked  pitiful. 

There  had  been  no  storm,  nothing  but  an  ordinary  breeze  blow- 
ing up  from  the  south,  and  it  is  probable  that  an  immense  school 
had  been  drifted  along,  and  where  they  struck  the  island,  some  five 
miles  in  length,  every  one  within  that  distance  was  stranded. 

I  had  brought  no  basket  or  sack  or  anything  to  collect  in,  but  I 
could  not  bear  to  go  away  and  leave  that  vast  bed  of  treasures  with- 
out taking  at  least  a  few  with  me.  I  searched  in  vain  for  a  box  or 
tin  can  or  a  piece  of  canvas,  but  could  find  absolutely  nothing,  not 
even  a  scrap  of  paper.  I  took  out  my  handkerchief,  knotted  the 
corners,  and  tried  to  pull  out  the  animals  from  the  shells,  but  the 
whole  mass  was  so  slippery  and  the  shells  were  so  frail  that  the  lat- 
ter invariably  broke,  so  I  filled  it  with  shells,  animals  and  all,  as 
many  as  it  would  hold.  Then  I  took  off  my  straw  hat  and  filled  it, 
and  that  would  not  satisfy  me,  for  as  I  wandered  along  I  found  so 
many  fine  specimens  that  I  began  to  put  them  into  my  pockets,  and 
I  did  not  leave  the  shore  until  every  pocket  was  bursting  full.  I 
had  on  a  linen  coat  and  white  duck  pants ;  the  day  was  hot  and  it 
seemed  to  me  that  those  lanthinas  melted.  In  a  little  while  streaks 
of  glowing  violet  began  to  show  down  my  clothes;  I  felt  a  clammy, 
wet,  uncomfortable,  feeling  clear  through  to  my  skin,  and  my  shoes 
were  filled  with  purple  liquid.  By  the  time  I  reached  the  city  I 
looked  like  an  Indian  in  war  paint,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  the 
people  of  Key  West,  who  were  just  going  to  church,  thought  I  was 
a  lunatic,  and  perhaps  they  were  not  far  from  right.  At  last  I 
reached  the  schooner,  took  off  and  threw  away  my  suit,  which  was 
utterly  ruined,  and  got  my  precious  mollusks  into  sea  water  to  soak, 
although  at  least  half  of  them  were  broken,  yet,  when  I  cleaned  them 
out,  I  had  the  satisfaction  of  counting  up  over  2,000  good  shells. 


VERTIGO  COLORADENSIS  AND  ITS  ALLIES. 


BY    T.    D.    A.    COCKKKKI.L. 


Dr.  Dall,  in  his  interesting  paper  in  Proc.  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIX, 
has,  on  p.  367,  Vertigo  decora  Gould,  Colorado  to  Alaska  (  -f-  P. 
ingersolli  Ancey  +  P-  eoloradensis  Ckll.)  ;  Vertigo  decora  var.  con- 
einnula  Ckll.,  Colorado. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  135 

It  is  a  long  time  since  I  paid  particular  attention  to  these  small 
snails,  but  I  do  not  think  the  above  can  be  correct. 

The  genuine  V.  coloradenais  is  a  very  small  form,  with  only  a 
single  lamella  on  the  parietal  wall;  its  length  is  1J  mm.  The  form 
which  I  named  concinnula  I  found  at  higher  elevations;  it  is  larger, 
2  mm.  long,  cylindrical,  dull  brown  with  whitish  strire,  whorls  4J, 
striate,  suture  not  very  deep,  mouth  pyriform,  usually  elbowed  ex- 
ternally above,  lamellre  4  or  5  ;  one,  double,  on  parietal  wall ;  one 
on  columella,  about  its  middle,  and  two  on  outer  wall  ;  peristome 
distinct.  This  differs  from  decora  in  color  and  the  shape  of  the 
aperture. 

I  did  not  publish  a  description  of  my  concinnula,  because  I  be- 
lieved (and  still  believe)  it  to  be  identical  with  Ancey's  ingersolli, 
which,  also  unpublished,  had  priority  in  MS.  But,  in  view  of  Mr. 
Dall's  publication,  it  becomes  necessary  to  refer  to  it  and  explain 
what  it  really  is. 

Now  as  to  ingersolli,  it  was  based  on  Ingersoll's  supposed  califor- 
nica.  Mr.  J.  H.  Thomson  sent  me  some  of  the  "  calif o  mica"  col- 
lected by  Ingersoll,  and  I  transcribe  my  notes  upon  them : — 

No.  6.  "Aniruas  Valley,  Colo."  and  "Timber  Line,  N.  E.  Ante- 
lope Pk.,  V.  californica  Rowell."  (Perhaps  only  the  latter  label 
really  belongs  to  the  shells.)  Certainly  not  californica,  but  appar- 
ently concinnula. 

No.  7.  "  Vertigo  californica  Rowell,  Rio  La  Plata,  Colo."  Rather 
highly  colored,  but  evidently  concinnula. 

No.  8.  "V.  californica,  Cunningham  Gulch."  Shinier  than  usual, 
perhaps,  or  thinner,  but  concinnula. 

There  was  also  a  single  specimen  of  the  same  species  from  North 
Park,  collected  by  E.  A.  Barber,  Aug.  12,  1874. 

Typical  V.  decora  is  2j  mm.  long,  therefore  much  larger  than 
coloradensis.  It  is  to  me  evident  that  there  are  three  quite  distinct 
forms:  (1)  True  decora  of  the  north  ;  (2)  ingersolli  or  concinnula  of 
high  elevations  in  Colorado ;  (3)  coloradensis  of  the  Colorado  mid- 
alpine.  Whether  these  are  called  species  or  subspecies  is,  perhaps, 
of  small  importance,  and  Dr.  Sterki  may  be  allowed  to  decide. 

I  may  later  refer  to  some  other  matters  in  Dr.  Dall's  excellent 
paper.  He  keeps  "  Limax  montanus  "  as  a  species,  which  it  certainly 
is  not.  The  Patula  strigosa  v.  concentrata  Dall,  seems  to  be  a  form 
similar  to  my  var.  minor  (J.  of  Conch.,  1890,  p.  175),  which  forms  a 
distinct  race  near  Egeria,  Colorado. 


136  THE   NAUTILUS. 

CONTRIBUTION  TO  A  KNOWLEDGE  OF  UNITED  STATES  UNIONID.E. 


BY    S.    HART    WRIGHT. 


Unio  Pinkstonii  sp.  nov. 

Shell  flask-shaped  or  triangular,  clavate,  inflated  below  the  beaks, 
rounded  anteriorly  and  very  bluntly  pointed  behind.  Epidermis 
olive  with  transmitted  light,  with  numerous  close  lines  of  growth  ; 
rayless.  Beaks  elevated,  blunt  and  nearly  on  a  line  with  the  an- 
terior margin  in  old  specimens,  but  the  shell  very  inequilateral  in 
the  young.  Sides  very  convex  and  descending  in  front  very 
abruptly.  Basal  margin  very  convex.  Umbonal  ridge  very  blunt, 
and  only  slightly  raised.  Posterior  slope  narrower,  its  margin  not 
keeled.  Cavity  of  shell  deep,  cavity  under  the  beaks  slight,  bluntly 
rounded.  Cardinal  teeth  erect,  striate ;  the  anterior  cardinal  trun- 
cate. Cardinal  in  right  valve  single.  Cavity  between  cardinals 
with  a  deep  conical  pit.  Lateral  teeth  straight  and  short.  Dorsal 
cicatrices  over  the  beak-cavity.  Nacre  white,  without  iridescence, 
except  at  the  posterior  end,  where  the  nacre  is  thin,  it  being  thick 
elsewhere.  Cicatrices  all  distinct  and  well-impressed.  Width  1| 
inches,  length  1|,  diameter  1. 

Habitat:   Tuscaloosa  River,  Macon  Co.,  Ala. 

Remarks:  Affinity,  U.  castaneus  Lea,  from  which  it  differs  in 
having  a  tray-shaped  cavity,  instead  of  bowl-shaped,  as  in  the  former. 
Its  rings  of  growth  are  low  and  fine,  not  ridgy  and  coarse  as  in  old 
U.  castaneus.  The  U.  mix  group  probably  includes  this  and  U.  cas- 
tnii<'iin,  U.  concolui;  U.  brumbyanus  and  U.  perovatus,  species  more 
or  less  related  to  our  shell,  in  which  the  nacre  is  laid  unevenly  in 
plates  and  ridges,  which  form  two  or  more  pits  where  they  meet. 
The  species  is  dedicated  to  Miss  M.  S.  Pinkston,  who  assiduously 
collects  Unionidiu,  and  found  this  among  her  collections. 

Unio  Kirklandianus  f\>.  m>v. 

Shell  ovate,  brilliantly  polished,  rather  thin  and  somewhat  in- 
flated. Sides  dilated  in  the  middle  and  attenuated  at  each  end. 
Base  very  convex  ;  anterior  end  rounded  and  the  other  bluntly 
pointed.  Epidermis  yellowish  horn-color,  with  broad  green  rays  on 
all  the  sin-face,  which  are  interrupted  near  the  base  with  narrow 
yellow  bands.  Lines  of  growth  only  two  or  three  and  ferruginous, 
lieaks  blunt  and  broad,  slightly  raised;  umbonal  ridge  raised  and 
abruptly  rounded.  Posterior  area  abrupt,  narrow  and  slightly 


THE    NAUTILUS.  137 

keeled,  and  cordate  at  the  beaks.  Cavity  of  the  shell  rather  deep 
and  uniform  ;  cavity  of  the  beaks  well  under  the  dorsum,  blunt 
within.  Cardinal  teeth,  low,  compressed  and  double  in  both  valves 
and  nearly  tubercular.  Nacre  white  within  the  pallial  Hue,  and 
darker  and  iridescent  exterior  to  it.  Lateral  teeth  small,  short,, 
remote  from  the  cardinals,  and  straight  in  the  groove,  but  making  a 
slight  angle  from  the  dorsal  plate  at  the  anterior  end  of  the  liga- 
ment, which  is  •*  of  an  inch  long.  Width  11  inches,  length  ]^,  di- 
ameter f  of  an  inch. 

Habitat :  Ocklocknee  River,  Leon  Co.,  Fla. 

Remarks:  Affinity,  U.  subaiir/ultitiix  Lea.  Our  shell  differs  from 
this  in  being  more  polished,  thinner,  rays  broader,  those  of  the  an- 
terior end  sweeping  around  in  curves.  The  shell  cavity  is  much 
deeper  and  broader.  The  beak  cavities  are  much  larger,  and  the 
shell  substance  white  instead  of  incarnate.  We  take  pleasure  in 
naming  this  species,  which  is  probably  not  exceeded  in  pictorial 
beauty  by  any  known  Unio  in  North  America,  in  honor  of  Dr. 
Reynold  J.  Kirklaud,  of  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  who  is  a  vigor- 
ous investigator  in  conchologv. 

Unio  Burtchianus  sp.  n.i\ . 

Shell  uniformly  solid,  though  not  thick,  oblong-elliptical,  flattish, 
inequilateral,  smooth  and  polished,  with  a  slight  constriction  near 
the  middle.  Sides  rounded,  anterior  end  rounded,  pointed  behind 
with  a  very  short  truncation.  Dorsal  and  basal  margins  uniformly 
curved.  Epidermis  reddish,  nearly  occulted  with  dark  green  rays 
running  over  all  the  surface,  which  are  grouped  in  irregular  fasci- 
cles, darker  and  densely  striate  on  the  posterior  slope.  Growth 
lines  almost  invisible.  Beaks  small  and  low,  slightly  rounded. 
Umboual  slope  subangular,  with  a  fainter  ridge  back  of  it,  making 
a  binngulation  behind.  Beak  cavities  very  slight,  confluent  with  a 
cavity  under  the  lateral  teeth.  Shell  cavity  moderate  and  oblong. 
Cardinal  teeth  erect,  light,  crenulate,  with  an  oblong  groove  in  the 
cardinal  of  the  right  valve.  The  inner  lateral  tooth  thickened  and 
upturned  at  the  end.  Posterior  cicatrices  confluent,  anterior  dis- 
tinct, all  well  impressed.  Pallial  impression  distinct  and  crenulate. 
Nacre  salmon  within  the  pallial  line  and  purplish  exterior  to  it. 
Width  2i  inches,  length  H,  diameter  f . 

Habitat:  St.  Mary's  River,  Nassau  Co.,  Florida. 

Remarks :  Affinity,  U.  lehmanii,  herein  described,  in  which  the 
distinction  is  made  between  these  species.  It  is  named  in  honor  of 


138  THE   NAUTILUS. 

• 

Mr.  Verdi  Burtch,  of  Peuu  Yan,  N.  Y.,  who  is  a  working  student  iu 
Unionidoe  and  ornithology. 
Unio  Lehmanii  sp.  nov. 

Shell  ovate,  uniformly  thick,  evenly  rounded  before  and  broadly 
pointed  behind,  and  slightly  biangulate.  Dorsal  and  basal  curves 
equally  convex.  Epidermis  reddish-brown,  smoothish,  numerously 
and  faintly  rayed.  Lines  of  growth  obscure  and  slightly  raised. 
Umbonal  slope  broadly  rounded,  making  in  old  shells  a  slight  un- 
ciuatiou  at  the  posterior  end.  Beaks  broad  and  short,  not  raised. 
Posterior  margin  not  keeled.  Cardinal  teeth  broad,  rather  com- 
pressed and  much  laciniated,  the  anterior  cardinal  elevated,  crested, 
ending  in  a  long,  thin,  sharp  edge,  nearly  truncated,  which  points 
forward  and  downward.  Lateral  teeth  heavy  and  nearly  straight, 
with  a  curve  in  the  dorsal  plate.  Cicatrices  distinct.  Cavity  of 
shell  very  broad  and  quite  uniformly  excavated.  Beak  cavities  not 
deep,  but  broad  and  obtuse.  Nacre  purplish,  lighter  and  sometimes 
salmon,  within  the  pallial  line.  Width  3  inches,  length  1J,  diam- 
eter 1}  inches. 

Habitat:  St.  Mary's  River,  Florida. 

Remarks:  Affinity,  U.  bnrtchianus,  which,  with  our  shell,  seems 
to  form  a  distinct  group  confined  to  St.  Mary's  River,  stationed  be- 
tween the  Buckleyi  and  Forbesianus  groups.  It  differs  from  U. 
burtehianui  in  having  greater  inflation,  less  pointed  behind,  rays  less 
distinct,  greater  dorsal  curvature,  higher  sides  and  rougher.  It  is 
named  for  Mr.  \V.  V.  Lehman,  a  specialist  in  fossil  insects,  and  an 
energetic  student  of  Unionid:e. 
TJnio  Brimleyi  sp.  nov. 

Shell  quadrate,  bluntly  pointed  behind,  slightly  inequilateral. 
Sides  gracefully  rounded,  subemarginate  below  and  slightly  arched 
above.  Epidermis  olive,  with  transmitted  light,  rayless  and  with 
very  numerous  finely  striated  raised  crinkled  lines.  Shell  thick  on 
the  anterior  half  and  much  thinner  behind.  Lines  of  growth  three 
or  four  and  faint.  Ligament  dark  red  and  prominent.  Greatest 
diameter  in  the  shell  center.  Posterior  slope  with  two  impressed 
divergent  broad  and  shallow  grooves,  from  beaks  to  posterior  mar- 
gin. Beaks  broad  and  rounded,  slightly  raised.  Umbonal  slope 
broad  and  keeled.  Beak  cavity  moderately  deep.  Cardinal  teeth 
double  in  both  valves,  erect  and  serrated.  Laterals  thin  and 
straight,  and  in  the  left  valve  continuous  with  the  cardinals.  Cica- 
trices distinct.  Dorsal  cicatrices  concealed  from  view.  Pallial 


THE    NAUTILUS.  139 

impression  seen  only  in  anterior  half,  and  there  it  is  very  faint. 
Nacre  dead-white  in  front  half  and  iridescent  and  darker  in  the 
other  half,  the  two  shades  meeting  in  nearly  a  straight  line.  Width 
2  inches,  length  !•>,  diameter  |. 

Habitat :  Neuse  River,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Remarks :  Affinity,  U.  negatus  Lea,  from  which  our  shell  differs 
in  having  rounded  sides,  olive  epidermis,  thinner  and  more  direct 
teeth.  The  peculiar  structure  of  the  epidermis  reminds  one  of  U. 
estabrookianus  Lea.  Named  for  Mr.  C.  S.  Brimley,  of  Raleigh,  N.  C., 
who  is  collecting  histological  material. 

(To  be  Continued.) 


PLANORBIS  NAUTILEUS  L.  IN  AMERICA. 


BY   GEO.    \V.   TAYLOR. 


In  a  note  with  the  above  heading  in  the  February  number  of 
THE  NAUTILUS,  Mr.  Bryant  Walker  makes  the  following  statement : 

"  The  occurrence  of  this  well-known  European  species  in  the 
United  States  has  hitherto  rested  upon  its  discovery  at  Ann  Arbor, 
Michigan,  by  DeTarr  and  Beecher,  who  described  it  as  new  under 
the  name  of  P.  costatus." 

This  is  true,  no  doubt,  as  far  as  the  United  States  is  concerned, 
but  it  is  not  correct  as  to  America,  for  P.  nautileus  has  been  already 
recorded  from  three  Canadian  localities,  and  has,  apparently,  a  wide 
distribution  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Continent. 

About  eight  years  ago  I  received  two  specimens  of  P.  nautileus 
from  Mr.  A.  W.  Hanham,  who  had  taken  them  near  Hamilton, 
Ontario.  Five  years  later,  in  the  autumn  of  1893, 1  found  the  shell 
myself  in  some  abundance  in  the  ponds  near  to  the  St.  Louis  Dam, 
Ottawa.  This  find  I  recorded  in  a  note  in  the  Ottawa  Naturalist  for 
December,  1893,  mentioning,  I  think,  in  the  same  note,  Mr.  Han- 
ham's  previous  discovery.  Again,  in  1894,  I  received  numerous 
specimens  of  the  same  shell  from  Mr.  A.  O.  Wheelen,  who  collected 
them  in  southern  Alberta.  These  were  also  recorded  by  me  in  the 
Ottawa  Naturalist  in  a  paper  entitled  "  The  Laud  and  Freshwater 
Shells  of  Alberta." 

I  was  inclined,  in  the  first  instance,  to  think  that  this  little  shell 
might  have  been  introduced  by  the  agency  of  man,  but  its  occur- 


140  THE    NAUTILUS. 

rence  in  Alberta,  at  a  considerable  distance  from  the  line  of  railway, 
leads  me  to  suppose  that  it  is  truly  indigenous,  and  in  this  opinion  I 
am  confirmed  by  Mr.  Walker's  observations. 

While  on  the  subject  of  Planorbis  I  should  like  to  call  attention 
to  the  occurrence  of  another  shell  in  southern  Alberta  (recorded  in 
the  paper  referred  to  above),  namely,  Planorbis  umbilicatellus.  This 
record  seems  to  have  been  overlooked  by  Mr.  Vanatta  when  writing 
on  the  distribution  of  P.  wnbilicaiellus  in  the  last  volume  of  THE 
NAUTILUS. 

By  the  way  :  The  Ottawa  Naturalist  is  one  of  our  best  Canadian 
natural  history  magazines,  and  a  good  many  papers  on  Canadian 
Conchology  have  been  published  therein  during  the  last  few  years. 

Nanaimo,  B.  C. 


ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT. 


[Conducted  in  the  inti-trst  of  tho  Isnnr  Lo:i  ConHiolo^irul  <1iU|iTrr  of  the  Agassiz  Associa- 
tion by  its  General  Sem-lai  y,  Mrs.  M.  Uurtim  Williamson.] 


At  this  writing  the  volume  of  Transactions  is  still  in  California. 
Promptness  in  forwarding  the  book  will  be  appreciated  by  the  Gen- 
eral Secretary,  as  well  as  by  our  members  whose  homes  are  in  the 
eastern  States. 

The  name  of  Mrs.  V.  R.  Hayward,  Spokane,  Wash.,  is  added  to 
our  Chapter  Roll. 

Mr.  ,T.  .1.  White's  gift  of  shells  to  our  members,  mentioned  in  THE 
NAUTILUS,  is  greatly  appreciated. 

FOSSILS    OF    DEAD   MAN'S   ISLAND. 


[From  the  report  of  Hon.  Delos  Arnold.      From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac  Lea 
Conchological  Chapter  for  1896.] 


In  submitting  my  annual  report  as  Secretary  of  the  Fossil  Sec- 
tion of  the  Chapter,  I  have  to  regret  that  so  little  progress  has  been 
made  during  the  past  year  along  the  lines  of  tliis  Section  of  the 
Chapter. 

While  the  work  during  the  past  year,  so  far  as  the  main  concho- 
logical  work  is  concerned,  is  very  gratifying,  showing,  as  they  do, 
an  increasing  interest  in  the  study  of  the  science  and  a  commend- 
able activity  in  the  collecting  of  specimen?,  the  Fossil  Section  has 


THE    NAUTILUS.  141 

not  been  actuated  by  the  same  spirit  of  inquiry.  With  the  excep- 
tion of  some  twenty  species  of  fossils  from  the  Tertiary  beds  of  New 
Mexico,  sent  here  for  identification,  and  a  few  inquiries  relative  to 
exchanges,  there  i^  nothing  outside  of  my  own  personal  observations 
to  report.  It  may  be  proper  to  state  that  the  New  Mexico  speci- 
mens were  collected  arid  sent  by  a  gentlemen  not  a  member  of  our 
Association. 

The  Chapter  was  instituted  primarily  to  encourage  the  study  of 
ccmchology,  and  commemorates  the  achievements  of  the  honored  in- 
dividual whose  name  it  bears. 

My  visits  to  the  beach  during  the  past  year  have  been  few,  and 
the  visits  I  made  were  for  the  purpose  of  delving  into  the  raised 
beaches  at  San  Pedro,  or  of  excavating  the  rocks  at  Dead  Man's 
Island  in  search  of  buried  treasures.  Since  my  visits  to  these  locali- 
ties, a  few  months  ago,  and  especially  since  the  heavy  rains  of  the 
past  few  weeks,  I  found  that  the  alluvial  of  the  bluff's  that  overlie 
the  reefs  of  shells  has  been  loosened  and  have  fallen  in  large  masses, 
almost,  and,  in  some  localities  quite,  obscuring  the  collecting  grounds, 
so  that  collecting  is  very  much  obstructed  or  entirely  destroyed.  I 
succeeded,  however,  in  unearthing  a  few  very  fine  specimens,  mostly 
of  recent  species  ;  one  specimen  of  Lunatia  lewini  Conrad  being  five 
inches  in  diameter  and  as  symmetrical  and  perfect  as  a  living  form. 

But  it  was  at  Dead  Man's  Island,  an  older  and  more  interesting 
formation,  that  I  devoted  most  of  my  time  and  efforts.  To  one  who 
has  spent  as  many  pleasant  and  profitable  hours  in  this  lonely  spot,  it 
cannot  but  cause  an  abiding  sorrow  to  witness  the  devastation  that  is 
constantly  and  rapidly  going  on  by  the  relentless  waves.  Within 
the  recollection  of  the  persons  now  living,  the  island  has  diminished 
one-half  or  more,  and  there  are  now  living  those  who  will  see  the 
tides  sweeping  over  the  spot  where  the  receeding  island  now  stands, 
unless  some  steps  are  taken  to  protect  it. 

I  have  found  nothing  new  or  especially  rare  at  this  island  during 
the  past  year,  but  the  specimens  are  so  perfect  and  life-like  that  it  is 
always  a  pleasure  to  see  them,  and  a  desire  to  possess  them  is  usually 
so  strong  that  they  are  secured  and  added  to  one's  collection.  The 
specimens  which,  to  me,  are  the  most  interesting,  are  those  found 
imbedded  in  the  sand  rocks  that  have  fallen  from  a  ledge  near  the 
top  of  the  island.  They  are  referred  to  the  Pliocene  period,  and  so 
perfectly  are  they  preserved  that  when  eroded  from  their  matrix 
and  mingled  with  the  dead  shells  of  the  same  species  that  are  scat- 


142  THE   NAUTILUS. 

tered  on  the  beach,  only  a  close  scrutiny  can  distinguish  a  difference. 
Among  the  species  that  were  revealed  in  this  almost  perfect  state 
were  :  Fusus  kobelti  Dall,  Fusus  barbaretisis  Trask,  Lucina  aciiti/i- 
neata  Conrad,  L.  californica  Conrad,  L.  nuttalli  Conrad,  Lunatia 
lewisii  Old.,  Olivella  biplicata  Sby.,  Cardium  centiji!osum  Cpr.,  and 
a  very  unique  and  interesting  specimen  of  Serpulorbis  squamigerus 
Cpr.,  together  with  a  large  number  of  common  species  of  shells. 

NOTES    ON    VITREA    CELLARIA    MULL. 


[Extract  from  the  report  of  Mr.  Leon  Walker.     From  the  Transactions  of  the  Isaac 
Lea  Conchological  Chapter  for  1896.] 


There  is,  perhaps,  no  more  interesting  land  shells  in  New  England 
than  Vitrcea  cellaria  Mull.,  on  account  of  its  peculiar  habits.  It 
was  first  noticed  in  cities  along  the  Atlantic  Coast  about  fifty  years 
ago,  and  was  undoubtedly  introduced  through  commerce  on  wine 
casks  or  hothouse  plants.  For  some  physical  cause  this  shell  has 
not  yet  been  found  at  any  distance  from  the  ocean,  and  is  still  con- 
fined to  a  few  cities  on  the  coast.  Living  chiefly  in  cellars,  as  its 
specific  name  implies,  and  not  exposed  to  the  weather,  it  does  not 
hibernate,  but  is  active  the  year  around.  It  is  sometimes  a  great 
pest  to  the  housewife,  annoying  her  greatly  by  crawling  into  milk- 
pans  or  eating  vegetables  that  are  placed  on  the  cellar  bottoms.  The 
depredations  of  the  animal  are  confined  to  the  night ;  in  the  daytime 
it  lies  hidden  under  some  board  or  in  some  crack  or  crevice  in  the 
wall.  The  animal  has  a  very  acute  sense  of  smell,  and  can  be 
readily  collected  by  placing  fruit  or  vegetables  within  its  reach. 
I'iti-ira  cellaria  is  not  the  only  cellar  molhisk,  as  there  are  a  few 
slugs  that  lurk  in  similar  situations,  but  it  alone  has  an  external 
shell. 


NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


THE  COLONY  OF  HELIX  NEMORALIS  AT  LEXINGTON,  VA. — 
The  colony  of  He  fir  m-moralis  is  thriving  ;  one  yard  is  full  of  them, 
but  I  do  not  see  that  they  do  any  injury  to  vegetation.  They  ap- 
pear to  grow  larger  here  than  the  specimens  I  have  seen  of  the  same 
species  from  Europe.  Another  feature  I  have  also  observed: 
When  they  were  first  introduced  we  could  find  solid  brown  ones 


THE   NAUTILUS.  143 

rarely  ;  now  they  are  never  to  be  seen.  They  look  like  tortoise- 
sliell  or  have  very  wide  bands,  but  no  more  solid  brown  appear,  al- 
though I  keep  a  sharp  lookout. — MRS.  JOHN  M.  BROOKE. 

A  NEW  FORM  OF  PUPA. — I  find,  occasionally,  in  the  rejecta- 
menta of  the  Rio  Grande  at  Mesilla,  N.  M.,  a  Pupa  which  has  been 
considered  to  be  P.  gabbii  Dall  (i.  e.,  arizonnisis  W.  G.  Biun.,  not 
Gabb.).  On  examining  it  more  carefully  than  heretofore,  it  seems 
to  me  at  least  a  distinct  variety,  and  it  may  be  called  P.  r/abbiiva,r. 
mexiccmorum.  It  is  3£  mm.  long,  diam.  lo  mm.,  white,  delicately 
but  distinctly  ribbed,  the  ribs  filiform,  four  of  them  entering  the 
parietal  wall  of  the  aperture.  The  aperture  is  rather  narrow,  with 
the  outer  margin  somewhat  flattened,  and  inclined  to  be  elbowed 
above.  The  peristome  is  quite  thick.  Besides  having  the  well- 
marked  ribs,  this  is  smaller  and  narrower  than  the  typical  gabbii. 
I  found,  however,  an  equally  small  form  of  gabbii  in  Colorado,  on 
Round  Mountain  near  Silver  Cliff. 

To  Dr.  Ball's  recent  list  of  Central  Region  Pupidse  may  be  added 
Vertigo  gotildi  Biuney,  which  I  found  in  a  post-Tertiary  deposit  at 
West  Cliff,  Colorado,  along  with  a  variety  of  V.  orate.  It  has  not 
yet  been  found  alive  in  that  neighborhood. — T.  D.  A.  COCKERELL. 

VALLONIA  PULCHELLA  IN  PITTSBURGH. — A  couple  of  months 
ago  a  friend  sent  me  a  lot  of  Vallonia  pulchella  that  he  had  col- 
lected on  his  front  walk  in  the  East  End,  Pittsburgh.  He  says  that 
he  first  noticed  them  late  last  spring  or  early  summer,  but  is  not 
sure  of  the  date  now.  He  says  that  they  suddenly  appeared  after  a 
rain  literally  in  millions,  and  about  three  weeks  later  they  again 
appeared,  but  in  smaller  numbers.  The  first  time  they  appeared  he 
says  he  gathered  up  a  half  tumbler  of  the  shells  for  me  but  lost 
them.  On  their  second  appearance  he  got  about  a  thousand  which 
he  turned  over  to  me,  and  I  send  you  a  few  under  separate  cover  to 
let  you  see  that  they  show  the  effect  of  Pittsburgh  smoke. 

My  friend  is  going  to  watch  for  them  this  spring  and  summer 
and  if  they  appear  will  make  a  note  of  the  date  and  how  long  they 
stay.  There  is  a  stone  wall  around  the  place  and  he  thinks  they 
come  from  this  wall. — GEO.  H.  CLAPP. 


PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


LIST  OF  THE  CLAUSILI.E  OF  SOUTH  AMERICA,  WITH  THE  DE- 
SCRIPTION OF  A  NEW  SPECIES,  by  E.  R.  Sykes  (Jour.  Malac.,  V, 


144  THE    NAUTILUS. 

pages  57-59,  pi.  IV). '  In  this  list  37  species  are  recorded.  From 
United  States  of  Columbia  11  ;  Venezuela  1  ;  Ecuador  6  ;  Peru  16  ; 
Bolivia  2;  and  Porto  Rico  1.  C.  perple.ra  Sykes  is  made  a  syno- 
nym of  C.  dohrni  Pfr.— C.  W.  J. 

REPORT  ON  THE  MOLLUSKS  COLLECTED  BY  THE  INTERNA- 
TIONAL BOUNDARY  COMMISSION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND 
MEXICO  1892-94,  by  Wm.  H.  Ball  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  XIX, 
pages  333-379,  pis.  XXXI-XXXIII).  lu  this  report  the  fauna 
of  the  region  adjacent  to  the  international  boundary  line  that  ex- 
tends from  the  Rio  Grande  River  near  El  Paso,  Texas,  to  the  Colo- 
rado River  near  Yurna,  Arizona,  is  fully  treated.  Two  new  species 
of  Polygyra  (P.  <i*lnnttni  and  P.  pseudodonta)  are  described  from 
New  Mexico.  Two  new  Coelocentrum,  a  new  Anisospira  and  anew 
Streptostyla  are  described  from  Mexico. — C.  W.  J. 

REVISION  OF  THE  GENERA  OF  LEDIDJE  AND  NUCULIUJE  OF 
THE  ATLANTIC  COAST  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,  by  A.  E.  Verrill 
and  Katharine  J.  Bush  (Amer.  Jour.  Sci.,  Ill,  1897,  pages  51-63). 
This  interesting  paper,  the  authors  state,  is  but  a  preliminary  ac- 
count of  the  classification  adopted  in  a  .somewhat  extended  study  of 
the  series  of  deep  sea  forms  belonging  to  these  families.  "These 
families  are  often  united  by  modern  malacologists  under  a  single 
family  ( Nuculidie),  while  others  regard  them  as  distinct.  The  fam- 
ily Nuculidre  differs  from  Ledid:e  mainly  in  having  no  siphon  tubes, 
the  mantle  edges  being  completely  disunited."  A  new  subfamily 
(Glominse)  of  Nuculidaj,  and  a  new  subfamily  (Tindarinse)  of  Le- 
did;r  are  used,  while  in  the  Ledida'  four  new  genera  and  one  sub- 
genus  is  adopted.  The  article  is  illustrated  by  22  cuts,  and  closes 
with  an  analytical  table  of  the  recent  subfamilies,  genera  and  sub- 
genera. — C.  W.  J. 

THE  EOCENE  DEI-OBITS  OF  THE  MIDDLK  ATLANTIC  SLOI-K  IN 
DELAWARE,  M AUYLAND  AND  VIRGINIA,  by  Wm.  B.  Clark  (Bull. 
U.  S.  Geol.  Sur.,  No.  141).  The  introduction  contains  a  complete 
bibliography  and  an  exhaustive  account  of  its  stratigraphical  and 
paleontological  characteristics,  followed  by  descriptions  of  species. 
About  60  species  of  Mollusca  are  described  and  illustrated.  The 
entire  work  contains  93  pages  and  40  plates. 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries )        lOcts.  a  copy. 

THE 

NAUTILUS.!* 

<^/iy 

/*  •   •*- 

A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 

EDITOR  : 
H.  A  .  PILSBRY,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the   Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X. 


MAY,  1896. 


No.  1 


CONTENTS  : 

PAGE. 

NEW  SPECIES  OF  LEDA  FROM  THE  PACIFIC  COAST.     By  Wm.  H.    Dall.        .  1 

SOME  REFERENCES  TO  THE  GENUS  OLIVA.     By  John  Ford.  ....  3 

DESCENT  AND  DISTRIBUTION  OF  UNIONID.£.     By  Berlin  H.  Wright.    .         .  5 

A  FEW  NOTES  ON  PISIDIA.     By  Dr.  v.  Sterki 8 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 10 

NOTES  ON  SOME  ONTARIO  SHELLS.     By  James  H.  Lemon 10 

CUTTLE  FISHES  WASHED  ASHORE  IN  SAN  PEDRO  BAY.     By  H.  Lowe.          .  11 

GENERAL  NOTES ]  2 

NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 12 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


11  THE   NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.      III.     (June  No.  wanting),      .         .     gl.OO 
Vol.      IV.     May,  1890  to  April,  1891,     .     $1.00 
Vol.        V.     May,  1891  to  April,  1892,     .       1.00 
Vol.      VI.     May,  1892  to  April,  1893,     .       1.00 
Vol.    VII.     May,  1893  to  April,  1894,     .       1.00 
Vol.  VIII.     May,  1894  to  April,  1895.     .       1.00 
Vol.      IX.     May,  1895  to  April,  1896.     .       1.00 
Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologist's  Ex- 
change," we  can  furnish  only  odd  numbers. 

Extras  of  August  and  September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 
Index  to  the  Conchologiste'  Exchange  for  binding  with  the  latter, 
will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  copy. 


Advertisements  •will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.OO  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
tion. A  discount  of  25  per  cent,  will  be  made  on  insertions  of 
six  months  or  longer.  In  order  to  have  the  paper  out  promptly, 
"  copy "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  2Oth  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  VV.  JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

"EXCHANGEST 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

WANTED. — Slugs  from  west  of  the  Rocky  Mts.  Large  list  of 
marine  and  land  shells  offered. — E.  G.  VANATTA, 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Logan  Square,  Philada.,  Pa. 
FOR  EXCHANGE  : — Marine,  land  and  fresh-water  shells  for  other 
shells  or  works  on  conchology.    Send  lists. — MORRIS  SCHICK, 

2410  Reese  St.,  Philada.,  Pa. 

FOR  EXCHANGE  : — Opal.*,  Amethysts  and  other  gems  and  pre- 
cious stones,  etc.,  for  good,  showy  shells.  Shells  and  coral  desired  in 
quantity. — F.  G.  HILLMAN,  1036  AcushnetAve.,Ne\v Bedford, Mass. 
FOR  EXCHANGE  : — L.  and  F.  W.  shells  of  southern  Wis.  for  same 
from  other  localities.  Fine  sets  of  Unios  for  museums — polished  or 
natural.  WANTED: — U.  tuberculatus,  colored  nacre,  opals,  fine 
crystals,  minerals,  fossils  or  marine  curios. 

— MRS.  E.  C.  WISWALL,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

OFFERED: — Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
class  or  land  and  fresh-water  shells. — H.  N.  LOWE, 

1  lo  N.  Los  Robles  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

WANTED: — Cyprsea,  cones  and  foreign  land  shells.  Can  give 
land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells.  Send  lists  and  receive  mine. 

CHAS.  S.  HODCSON,  Albion,  Ills. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  Ill 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A. — Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand).  Price,  f5.°°' 

Vol.  II,  Leidy,  Jos. — Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (Fulgur  perivrsiim). — Potts,  Edw.  W.,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  1889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  $1.00. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  I.  Dall,  W.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  |2.5o. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  $3.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pelecypoda  ( in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A. — Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alachua  Clays  of  Florida  (in  press). 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  ''  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
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IV  THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  a.  fully  ittustratt-d  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SF.COND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Nine  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices  "  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Monography  of  the  Bulimi  has  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

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Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology.  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETK  COXCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  i2oo  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
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"The  American  Naturalist." 

MANAGING  EDITORS  '. 

PROFS.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  KINGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

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DR.   H.  C.   MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
PROF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 
'PROF.  W    S    BAYLEV.of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 
P»CP.  E    A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 
PKOF.  W.  H.  HOBBS,  of  Madison.  Wisconsin. 

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EDITOR: 
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ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
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Vol.  X.  JUNE,  1896.  No.  2 


CONTENTS: 

PAGE. 

NOTE  ON  NERITINA  SHOWALTERI  LEA.     By  Win.  H.  D.ill.        .        .        .13 

THE  GOOSE  FAIR  BROOK.     By  Rev.  Henry  W.  Winkley 15 

SOME  NEW  OR  RARE  SPECIES  OF  MARINE   MOLLUSCA   RECENTLY  FOUND 

IN  BRITISH  COLUMBIA.     By  Dr.  C.  F.  N?wcombe.       .         .         .         .16 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  Ntw  PISIDIA.     By  Dr.  V.  Sterki 20 

A  NEW  VARIETY  OF  PUNCTUM.     By  H.  A.  Pilsbry 21 

GENERAL  NOTES 22 

NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 23 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


11  THE  NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.      III.     (June  No.  wanting),      .         .     81.00 
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Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologist's  Ex- 
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Address,  C.  VV.  JOHNSON, 

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EXClHANGEST 

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OFFERED  : — Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
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113  N.  Los  Robles  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Gal. 

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CHAS.  S.  HODGSON,  Albion,  Ills.   • 


THE    NAUTILUS.  Ill 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A. — Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand).  Price,  $5.00. 

Vol.  II,  Leidy,  Jos. — Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (Fulgur  percemim). — Potts,  Edw.  W.,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  1889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  fr.oo. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  I.  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  $2.50. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  13.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Pelecypoda  (in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A. — Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alachua  Clays  of  Florida. 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  "  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
By  W.  H.  Dall.  1893,  140  pp.,  49  plates.  Price,  $3.50. 

Address,  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

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is  the   most  popular  Magazine  of  Nature, 
Study  and  Recreatiou  in  America. 

Address : 

Sample  Copy  10  cents.  E.  F.  BIGELOW,  Publisher, 

PORTLAND,  CONN. 


TUB  Observer 


IV  THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  &  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SF.COND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Nine  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices  "  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Monography  of  the  Buiimi  ha*  Ix-en  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices  :— Plain  (uncolored)  edition  53.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  $8.00  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology.  by  GEO  \V.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  CONCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one  Cloth.  Price  $6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 
address : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 

P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 


'The  American  Naturalist" 

MANAGING  EDITORS  '. 

PROFS.  E.   D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  KINGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

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DR.   H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROP.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.  W    S.   BAYLEY,  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

PMOF.  E.  A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

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THE  MUSEUM' 

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THE 


NAUTILUS . 


A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 

EDITOR: 
H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelph 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X. 


JULY,  1896. 


No.  3 


CONTENTS  : 

ON  THE  AMERICAN  SPECIES  OF  ERVILIA,     By  Wm.  H.  Dall. 
NOTES  ON  MOI.LUSKS  OF  FLORIDA.     By  Joseph  Willcox. 
A  WORD  ABOUT  SPH>ERIA.     By  Edward  \V.  Roper.   .         .         .         . 
THE  MUSSELS  SCARS  OF  UNIOS.     By  Cha-.  T.  Simpson. 
DESCRIPTION  OF    Two    NEW    SPECIES    OF    ACHATINEI.LID/E  FROM 

HAWAIIAN  ISLANDS.     By  D.  D.  Baldwin 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPART  MENT 

AN  INTERROGATION  REGARDING  THE  FOSSIL  SHELLS  OF  SAN  PEDRO 

NOTES  AND  NEWS -        .        .        . 

NOTICES  OF  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. 


PAGE. 

.  25 

.  27 

.  23 

.  29 

THE 

.     31 

.    32 

BAY.     33 

.    34 

35 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.  IV.  .May,  1890  to  April,  1891,  .  81.00 
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—MRS.  E.  C.  WISWALL,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

OFFERED:  —  Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
class  or  land  and  fresh-water  shells.  —  II.  X.  LOWF, 

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CIIA-.  S.  HMHOCPX,  Albion,  Ills. 


THE    NAUTILI'S.  Ill 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A, — Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand  ).  Price,  $5.00. 

Vol.  II,  Lfidy,  Jos.— Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (Fulgiir  peruersum). — Potts,  Ed\v.  \V .,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  1889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  $ i.oo. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  i.  Dall,  W.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  $2.50. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  \V.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,  272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  $3.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  \V.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pelecypoda  (in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A. — Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alaciiua  Clays  of  Florida,  1896,  61  pp.,  19  plates.  Price,  f  i .50. 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  ""  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
By  \V.  H.  Dall.  1893,  140  pp.,  49  plates.  Price,  #.5.50. 

Address,  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


is  the   most  popular  Magazine  of  Nature, 
Study  and  Recreation  in  America. 
Address: 

Sample  Copy  10  cents.  E.  F.  BIGELOW,  Publisher, 

PORTLAND,  CONN. 


Tne  Observer 


IV  THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  a  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SECOND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Nine  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices  "  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Monography  of  the  Bulimi  has  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices :— Plain  (uncolored)  edition  $3.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  $8.00  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  CONCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one.  Cloth.  Price  $6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 
address : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 
P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 


"The  American  Naturalist." 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROFS.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  K.INGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  O.  WHITMAN,  of  Chicago  University,  Chicago,  111. 

DR.  C.  E.   BESSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska.  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.  H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Penimlvania. 

PHOF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.  W    S    BAYLEY,  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

P»OF.  E    A    ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

PROF.  H.  C.  WARREN.  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

SAVLPLE  COIJY,  15  CENTS. 
THE  EDWARDS  &  DOCKER  CO., 

518-520  MINOR  ST.  PHII.ADKMMII A.   V.  S.  A. 

"THE  MUSEUM" 

A  new  Journal  published  on  the  15th  of  each  month  by  Walter 
F.  Webb,  Albion.  N.  Y.,  devoted  to  NATURAL  SCIENCE,  will 
contain,  from  time  to  time,  fine  bargains  in  shells  and  interesting 
articles  in  this  line.  SI:NU  Utrrs.  FOR  COPY  AND  MY  CATALOGUE. 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries )        lOcts.  a  copy. 

THE 


NAUTI 


A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 
OF  CONCHOLOGIST8. 


EDITOR: 

M.  A.  PTLSBRY,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR; 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the   Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X. 


AUGUST,  1896. 


No.  4 


CONTENTS : 


PAGE. 

.  37 

.  38 

.  10 

.  41 


A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  POMATIOPSIS.     By  Henry  A.  Pilsbry.    .         .  . 

THE  WEIGHT  AND  SIZE  OF  SHELLS.     By  Rev.  Henry  W.  Winkley. 

SOME  NOTES  ON  FLORIDA  MOLLUSCA.     By  Frank  A.  White. 

A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  BULIMUS.     By  H.  A.  Pilsbry. 

LAND  MOLLUSCA  FROM  THE  REJECTAMENTA  OF  THE  Rio  GRANDE,  NEW 

MEXICO.     By  T.  D.  A.  Cockerel! 41 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 42 

A  CHAPTER  OF  METHODS 43 

NOTE  ON  BULIMUS  HANLEYI  AND  B.  CORONATUS.     By  H.  A.  Pilsbry.  .    46 

NOTES  AND  NEWS 47 

NOTICES  OF  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED.         .        .  48 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia; 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.  IV.  .  May,  1890  to  April,  1891,  .  $1.00 
Vol.  V.  May,  1891  to  April,  1892,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VI.  May,  1892  to  April,  1893,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VII.  May,  1893  to  April,  1894,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VIII.  May,  1894  to  April,  1895.  .  1.00 
Vol.  IX.  May,  1895  to  April,  1896.  .  1.00 
Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Concholoyist's  Ex- 

change"  and   Vol.  Ill  of  THE  NAUTILUS,   we  can  furnish    odd 

numbers  only. 

Extras  of  August  and  September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 

Index  to  the  Conchologists'  Exchange  for  binding  with  the  latter, 

will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  copy. 


Advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.OO  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
tion. A  discount  of  25  per  cent,  will  be  made  on  insertions  of 
six  months  or  longer.  In  order  to  have  the  paper  out  promptly, 
•"  copy  "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  20th  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  VV.   JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

"EXCHfANGEST 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

WANTED.  —  Slugs  from  west  of  the  Rocky  Mts.  Large  list  of 
marine  and  laud  shells  ottered.  —  E.  G.  VANATTA, 

Acad.  Nat.  Sei.,  Logan  Square,  Philada.,  Pa. 
FOR  EXCHANGE  :  —  Marine,  land  and  fresh-water  shells  for  other 
shells  or  works  on  conchology.    Send  lists.  —  MORRIS  SCHICK, 

2410  Reese  St.,  Philada.,  Pa. 

FOR  EXCHANGE  :  —  L.  and  F.  W.  shells  of  southern  Wis.  for  same 
from  other  localities.  Fine  sets  of  Unios  for  museums  —  polished  or 
natural.  WANTED:  —  U.  tubercnlatus,  colored  nacre,  opals,  fine 
crystals,  minerals,  fossils  or  marine  curios. 

—  MRS.  E.  C.  WISWALL,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

OFFERED:  —  Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
class  or  laud  and  fresh-water  shells.  —  H.  N.  LOWE, 

113  N.  Los  Robles  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

WANTED:  —  Cyprzea,  cones  and  foreign  land  shells.  Can  give 
land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells.  Send  lists  and  receive  mine. 

CHAS.  S.  HODGSON,  Albion,  Ills. 

FOR  EXCHANGE:  —  About  fifty  species  of  Japanese  Shells,  Land, 

Marine  and  Fresh  Water.      Wanted  Helicidit  and  Pupidiu.     Send 

for  list.         WARREN  W.  HERMAN,  P.  O.  Box  1848,  Boston,  Mass. 

FOR  EXCHANGE:  —  Land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells,  (many 

rare  species  offered)  for  species  not  in  my  collection.     List  first. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  administrates  —  adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizau,  Algeria. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  HI 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A. — Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand).  Price,  $5.00. 

Vol.  II,  Leidy,  Jos. — Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (Fulgur  perm-sum). — Potts,  Edw.  W.,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  1889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  $1.00. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  I.  Dall,  W.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  |2.5o. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  $3.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pelecypoda  (in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A.— Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alachua  Clays  of  Florida,  1896,  61  pp.,  19  plates.  Price,  #1.50. 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  '"  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
By  W.  H.  Dall.  1893,  140  pp.",  49  plates.  Price,  $3.50. 

Address,  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


is  the   most  popular  Magazine  of  Nature, 
Study  and  Recreation  in  America. 
Address : 

Sample  Copy  10  cents.  E.  F.  BIGELOW,  Publisher, 

PORTLAND, CONN. 


The  Observer 


IV  THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  a.  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks, 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which' 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious- 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SECOND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Nine  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices  "  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Monography  of  the  Bulimi  has  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices  :— Plain  (uncolored)  edition  $3.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  fS.oo  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  CONCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one.  Cloth.  Price  ?6.oo. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 
address : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 
P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A, 

American  Naturalist." 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROFS.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  K1NGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  O.  WHITMAN,  of  Chicago  University,  Chicago,  111. 

DR.  C.  E.   BESSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska.  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.   H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 


PRO 
PRO 


PRO 
PRO 


.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

.  W    S.   BAYLEY.  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

.  E.  A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

.  A.  C.  GILL.  Cornell  University,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

.  H.  C.  WARREN.  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 


ERWIN  F.  SMITH,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAMPLE  COPY,  lo  CENTS. 
THE  EDWARDS  &  DOCKER   CO., 

MINOR  ST.  I  •  1 1  I  I    v  I  >  I   I  I  •  1 1  I  \      I  . 


"THE 

A  new  Journal  published  on  the  15th  of  each  month  by  Walter 
F.  Webb,  Albion,  N.  Y.,  devoted  to  NATURAL  SCIENCE,  will 
contain,  from  time  to  time,  fine  bargains  in  shells  and  interesting 
articles  in  this  line.  SF.SD  lOers.  FOR  COPY  AND  MY  CATALOGUE, 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries )        lOcts.  a  copy. 

THE 


NAUTILUS 


A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 

ȣ 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 

EDITOR  : 
H.  A.  PILSBRV,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science, 


Vol.  X.  SEPTEMBER,  1896.  No.  5 


CONTENTS  : 

PAGE. 

NOTES  ON  SOME  WEST  AMERICAN  CHITONS.     By  H.  A.  Pilsbry.     .  49 

ON  THE  AMERICAN  SPECIES  OF  CYRENOIDEA.     By  W.  H.  Dall.  .         .  51 

EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE.     ......  53 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT.   ......  gg 

MARINE  SHELLS  ON  THE  SOUTHERN  CAI  IFHRNIA  COAST.     By  Mrs.  E.  D.  G. 

Campbell.    .........  gg 

NOTES  ON  THE  PARVUS  GROUP  OF  UNIONID.-E  AND  ITS  ALLIES. 

By  C.   T.  Simpson.  57 

NOTES  AND  NEWS gg 

NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


11  THE   NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.      IV.     May,  1890  to  April,  1891,     .     $1.00 
Vol.        V.     May,  1891  to  April,  1892,     .       1.00 
Vol.      VI.     May,  1892  to  April,  1893,     .       1.00 
Vol.    VII.     May,  1893  to  April,  1894,     .       1.00 
Vol.  VIII.     May,  1894  to  April,  1895.     .       1.00 
Vol.      IX.     May,  1895  to  April,  1896.     .       1.00 
Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologist's  Ex- 
change,"  and   Vol.  Ill  of  THE  NAUTILUS,   we  can  furnish   odd 
numbers  only. 

Extras  of  August  and  September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 
Index  to  the  Conchoid gists'  Exchange  for  binding  with  the  latter, 
will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  copy. 


Advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.OO  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
tion. A  discount  of  25  per  cent,  will  be  made  on  insertions  of 
six  months  or  longer.  In  order  to  have  the  paper  out  promptly, 
"  copy "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  2Oth  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  W.  JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

"EXCHANGEST 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

WANTED. — Slugs  from  west  of  the  Rocky  Mts.  Large  list  of 
marine  and  land  shells  offered. — E.  G.  VANATTA, 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Logan  Square,  Philada.,  Pa. 
FOR  EXCHANGE  : — Marine,  land  and  fresh-water  shells  for  other 
shells  or  works  on  conchology.    Send  lists. — MORRIS  SCHICK, 

2410  Reese  St.,  Philada.,  Pa. 

FOR  EXCHANGE: — L.  and  F.  W.  shells  of  southern  Wis.  for  same 
from  other  localities.  Fine  sets  of  Unios  for  museums — polished  or 
natural.  WANTED: — U.  tuberculakus,  colored  nacre,  opals,  fine 
crystals,  minerals,  fossils  or  marine  curios. 

-~,M  i:s.  E.  C.  WISWALL,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

OFFERED: — Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
class  or  land  and  fresh-water  shells.— H.  N.  LOWE, 

113  N.  Los  Robles  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

WANTED:' — Cypnea,  cones  and  foreign  laud  shells.  Can  give 
land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells.  Send  lists  and  receive  mine. 

CHAS.  S.  HODGSON,  Albion,  Ills. 

FOR  EXCHANGE: — About  fifty  species  of  Japanese  Shells,  Land, 

Marine  and  Fresh  Water.      Wanted  Helicid:e  and  I'upidse.     Send 

for  list.         WARREN  W.  HERMAN,  P.  0.  Box  1848,  Boston,  Mass. 

FOR  EXCHANGE: — Land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells,  (many 

rare  species  ottered)  for  species  not  in  my  collection.     List  first. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  administrateur — adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizan,  Algeria. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  Ill 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A. — Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand).  Price,  $5.00. 

Vol.  II,  Leidy,  Jos. — Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (Falgur  />rrr.  i-.tinii ). — Potts,  Edw.  W.,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  1889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  f  i.oo. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  I.  Call,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  $2. 50. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  $3.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pelecypoda  ( in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A. — Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alachua  Clays  of  Florida,  1896,  61  pp.,  19  plates.  Price,  #1.50. 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  "  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
By  W.  H.  Dall.  1893,  140  pp.,  49  plates.  Price,  $3.50. 

Address,  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Thfl      nhnnninr     is  ('ie   "10St  P°Pu^ar  Magazine  of  Nature, 
llD         lleltliVhi      Study  timl  Recreation  in  America. 

Sample  Copy  10  cents.  E.  F.  BIGELOW,  Publisher, 


PORTLAND,  CONN. 


EXCHANGES   (Continued). 

WANTED  : — North  American  Land  and  Marine  Shells  in  ex- 
change for  European  Shells,  mostly  laud  and  fresh  water. 

<  '<>L.  PARRY,  18  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne,  England. 

SHELLS: — Good  line  of  Shells  of  all  kinds  in  quantities  wanted 
for  mounted  Birds,  Animals,  Reptiles,  Crabs,  Star-Fish,  Corals, 
Sponges,  and  so  on  ;  write  me  for  catalogue  and  state  what  you  have 
in  shells.  T.  VAN  HYNINGS,  Greenwood  Park,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

PDGET  SOUND  Marine  Shells  to  exchange  for  land,  fresh  water 
or  marine.  Send  lists. 

YOUNG  NATURALISTS  ASSOCIATION,  Seattle,  Washington. 


IV  THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryou,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy-  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  a.  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SF.COXD  SERIES,  Terrestria  1 
Molluscs,  Nine  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices  "  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Mouography  of  the  Bulimi\\^  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices  :— Plain  (uncolored)  edition  53.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  SS.oo  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology.  by  GEO  W.  TKYOX,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  CONCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one.  Cloth.  Price  $6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 
address : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 

P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 

American  Naturalist" 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROFS.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  K1NGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  O.  WHITMAN,  of  Chicago  University,  Chicago,  III. 

DR.  C.  E.   BESSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.   H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.  W    S    BAYLEY,  of  Colby  University,  Watervilie    Me 

P!-.OF.  E    A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca    X    V 

PROF.  H.  C.  WARREN.  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N    J. 

ERWIN   !•'.  SMITH,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAMI>LE  COF-Y,  IS  CENTS. 
THE  EDWARDS  &,  DOCKER  CO., 

518-530  MINOR  ST.  I  •  1 1  I  I    \  I  >  I   I   I  •  1 1  I  I      |  .  N.   A. 


'THE  MUSEUM' 

A  new  Journal  published  on  the  15th  of  each  month  by  Walter 
F.  Webb,  Albioil,  N.  Y.,  devoted  to  NATUKAL  SCIENCE,  will 
contain,  from  time  to  time,  fine  bargains  in  shells  and  interesting 
articles  in  this  line.  SEND  lOcTs.  FOR  COPY  AND  MY  CATALOGUE. 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries )        lOcts.  a  copy. 

THE 


NAUTlLUSfife 


A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 

EDITOR: 
H.  A.  PILSBR\,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 

Vol.  X.  OCTOBER,  1896.  No.  6 


CONTENTS  : 

PAGE. 

SOME  NOTES  ON  THE  COLLECTION  OF  SHELLS  IN  THE  MUSEUMS  OF  PARIS, 
BERLIN  AND  AMSTERDAM.     By  C.  W.  Johnson.     .        .        .        .        .61 

INFLUENCE  OF  ENVIRONMENT   UPON   THE   FORM   AND   COLOR  OF  HELIX 

ALTERNATA.     By  C.  C.  Ormsbee 63 

Two   NEW  PISIDIA.     By  Dr.  V.  Sterki 61 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 68 

NOTES  ON  SOME  SHELLS  OF  PUGET  SOUND.     By  Mrs.  M.  Drake.      .         .     68 

NOTES  AND  NEWS .     70 

NEW  PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED 70 

OBITUARY — B.  SCHMACKER .72 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


11  THE  NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.  IV.  May,  1890  to  April,  1891,  .  $1.00 
Vol.  V.  May,  1891  to  April,  1892,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VI.  May,  1892  to  April,  1893,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VII.  May,  1893  to  April,  1894,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VIII.  May,  1894  to  April,  1895.  .  1.00 
Vol.  IX.  May,  1895  to  April,  1896.  .  1.00 
Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologist's  Ex- 

change," and   Vol.  Ill  of  THE  NAUTILUS,   we  can  furnish   odd 

numbers  only. 

Extras  of  August  and  September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 

Index  to  the  Conchologists'  Exchange  for  binding  with  the  latter, 

will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  copy. 


Advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.OO  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
tion. A  discount  of  25  per  cent,  will  be  made  on  insertions  of 
six  months  or  longer.  In  order  to  have  the  paper  out  promptly, 
"  copy  "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  2Oth  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  W.  JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

EXCHANGEST 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

WANTED.  —  Slugs  from  west  of  the  Rocky  Mts.  Large  list  of 
marine  and  land  shells  offered.  —  E.  G.  VANATTA, 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Logan  Square,  Philada.,  Pa. 
OFFERED  :  —  Large  and  valuable  collection  of  marine,  land  and 
fresh  water  shells,  in  exchange  for  exotic  land  species.     Send  lists. 
Miss  LINTER,  Arragon  Close,  Twickenham,  Middlesex,  Eng. 

WANTED  :  —  No.  7,  vol.  Ill,  of  THE  NAUTILUS.  OFFERED  :  — 
Other  conchological  papers. 

M.  M.  Schepman,  Rhoon  near  Rotterdam,  Netherland. 
OFFERED  :  —  Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
class  or  land  and  fresh-water  shells.  —  H.  N.  LOWE, 

113  N.  Los  Robles  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

WANTED  :•  —  Cyprsea,  cones  and  foreign  land  shells.  Can  give 
land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells.  Send  lists  and  receive  mine. 

CHAS.  S.  HODGSON,  Albion,  Ills. 

FOR  EXCHANGE  :  —  About  fifty  species  of  Japanese  Shells,  Land, 

Marine  and  Fresh  Water.      Wanted  Helicidse  and  Pupidte.     Send 

for  list.         WARREN  W.  HERMAN,  P.  O.  Box  1848,  Boston,  Mass. 

FOR  EXCHANGE:  —  Land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells,  (many 

rare  species  offered)  for  species  not  in  my  collection.     List  first. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  administrateur  —  adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizan,  Algeria. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  Ill 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A. — Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand).  Price,  $5.00. 

Vol.  II,  Leidy,  Jos. — Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (Fidgur  perversum). — Potts,  Edw.  W.,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  1889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  $1.00. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  I.  Ball,  W.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  $2.50. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  $3.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pelecypoda  (in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A. — Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alachua  Clays  of  Florida,  1896,  61  pp.,  19  plates.  Price,  f  1.50. 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  "  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
By  W.  H.  Dall.  1893,  140  pp.,  49  plates.  Price,  #3.50. 

Address,  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

Tflfl     flhnnrunr     's  l'ie   niost  P°Pu'ar  Magazine  of  Nature, 
Ih         HSm  Ifm     Study  and  Recreation  in  America. 
II U     UUUU1IUI  Address: 

Sample  Copy  10  cents.  E.  F.  BIGELOW,  Publisher, 

PORTLAND,  CONN. 

EXCHANGES  (Continued). 

WANTED  : — North  American  Land  and  Marine  Shells  in  ex- 
change for  European  Shells,  mostly  land  and  fresh  water. 

COL.  PARRY,  18  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne,  England. 

SHELLS: — Good  line  of  Shells  of  all  kinds  in  quantities  wanted 
for  mounted  Birds,  Animals,  Reptiles,  Crabs,  Star-Fish,  Corals, 
Sponges,  and  so  on  ;  write  me  for  catalogue  and  state  what  you  have 
in  shells.  T.  VAN  HYNINGS,  Greenwood  Park,  Des  Moiues,  Iowa. 

PUGET  SOUND  Marine  Shells  to  exchange  for  land,  fresh  water 
or  marine.  Send  lists. 

YOUNG  NATURALISTS  ASSOCIATION,  Seattle,  Washington. 


IV  THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  a  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress:  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SECOND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Nine  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices"  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Monography  of  the  Bulimi  has  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices  :—  Plain  (uucolored)  edition  $3.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (  both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  $S.oo  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology.  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  COXCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one.  Cloth.  Price  $6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 
address  : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 

P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 

American  Naturalist." 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROFS.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  KINGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  O.  WHITMAN,  of  Chicago  University,  Chicago,  III. 

DR.  C.  E.   BESSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.  H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.  W    S.  BAYLEY.of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

PHOF.  E.  A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca.  N.  V. 

PROF.  H.  C.  WARREN.  Princeton    University.  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ERWIN   F.  SMITH,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

COPY,  15  CENTS. 


THE  EDWARDS  &  DOCKER  CO., 

518-520  MIXOK  ST.  I-  II  I  I    \  It  I   I   I-  II  I  V  .    V.  S.  A. 

"THE  MUSEUM" 

A  new  Journal  published  on  the  15th  of  each  month  by  Walter 
F.  Webb,  Albion,  N.  Y.,  devoted  to  NATURAL  SCIENCE,  will 
contain,  from  time  to  time,  tine  bargains  in  shells  and  interesting 
articles  in  this  line.  SEND  lOcTs.  FOR  COPY  AND  MY  CATALOGUE. 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries  )        lOcts.  a  copy. 


THE 


NAUTILUS 


A  MONTHLY 


DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 

\**1?\? 

EDITOR: 
H .  A.  Pii-SBRY,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philaders*'~"~ 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the    Wagner   Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X. 


NOVEMBER,  1896. 


No.  7 


CONTENTS: 

PAGE. 

CASCO  BAY.     By  Rev.  Henry  W.  Winkley 73 

THE  SYSTEMATIC  POSITION  OF  SPHYRADIUM  (  "  PUPA  "  )  EDENTULUM  Drap. 

By  Dr.  V.  Sterki.  75 

LIST,  WITH  NOTES,  OF  LAND  AND  FRESH  WATER  SHELLS  COLLECTED  BY 
DR.  WM.  H.  RUSH  IN  URUGUAY  AND  ARGENTINA. 

By  Henry  A.  Ptlsbry  and  William  H.  Rush.  76 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 81 

EXTRACT  FROM  A  NOTE  BOOK 82 

SOME  LAND  SHELLS  OF  MICHIGAN 84 

ODOR  OF  SNAILS.        .                                                                                   .  84 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-OfSce  as  second-class  matter. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.  IV.  May,  1890  to  April,  1891,  .  §1.00 
Vol.  V.  May,  1891  to  April,  1S9L>,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VI.  May,  1892  to  April,  1893,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VII.  May,  1893  to  April,  J  894,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VIII.  May,  1894  to  April,  1895.  .  1.00 
Vol.  IX.  May,  1895  to  April,  1896.  .  1.00 
Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologisfs  Ex- 

change"    and   Vol.  Ill  of  THE  NAUTILUS,    we  can   furnish    odd 

numbers  only. 

Extras  of  August  and  .September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 

Index  to  the  Conchologists'  Exchange  for  binding  with   the   latter, 

will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  copy- 


Advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.0O  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
tion. A  discount  of  25  per  cent,  will  be  made  on  insertions  of 
six  months  or  longer.  In  order  to  have  the  paper  out  promptly, 
"  copy "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  2Oth  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  W.   JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

EXCHANGES, 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

WANTED. — Slugs  from  west  of  the  Rocky  Mts.  Large  list  of 
marine  and  land  shells  offered. — E.  G.  VANATTA, 

Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Logan  Square,  Philada.,  Pa. 
OFFERED: — Large  and  valuable  collection  of  marine,  land  and 
fresh  water  shells,  in  exchange  for  exotic  land  species.     Send  lists. 
Miss  LINTER,  Arragon  Close,  Twickenham,  Middlesex,  Eng. 

WANTED: — No.  7,  vol.  Ill,  of  THE  NAUTILUS.  OFFERED: — 
Other  conehological  papers. 

M.  M.  Schepman,  Rhoon  near  Rotterdam,  Netherland. 
OFFERED: — Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
class  or  laud  and  fresh-water  shells. — H.  N.  Lowi:, 

113  N.  Los  Robles  Ave.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

WANTED: — Cyprsea,  cones  and  foreign  land  shells.  Can  give 
land,  fresh-water  and  marine  shells.  Send  lists  and  receive  mine. 

CHAS.  S.  HODGSON,  Albion,  Ills. 

FOR  EXCHANGE: — About  fifty  species  of  .Japanese  Shells,  Land, 
Marine  and  Fresh  Water.  Wanted  Helicidir  and  Pupidse.  Send 
for  list.  WAKKKN  W.  HI:I:MAN,  P.  O.  Box  1848,  Boston,  Mass. 
WANTED: — A  specimen  of  Hi/i.r  h'ou-r/t!  Newc.  Will  give  in 
return  a  fine  new  species  of  I'lroiiii-f/lu  from  the  Congo,  or  Janella 
tentaculata  Gray. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  administrateur — adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizau,  Algeria. 


THE   NAUTILUS.  Ill 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A.— Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand).  Price,  $5.00. 

Vol.  II,  Leidy,  Jos. — Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (Fulgur  penvrsum). — Potts,  Edw.  W.,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  7889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  $1.00. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  I.  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  $2.50. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  $3.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pelecypoda  (in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A.— Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alachua  Clays  of  Florida,  1896,  61  pp.,  19  plates.  Price,  $1.50. 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  "  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
By  W.  H.  Dall.  1893,  140  pp.,  49  plates.  Price,  $3. So. 

Address,  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 


Thfl      flhnnnmr     's  *'ie   raost  P°Pular  Magazine  of  Nature, 
III  ISmlm      Study  and  Recreation  in  America. 

II U     UUUU1IUI  Address: 

Sample  Copy  10  cents.  E.  F.  BIGELOW,  Publisher, 

PORTLAND,  CONN. 

EXCHANGES  (Continued). 

WANTED  : — North  American  Land  and  Marine  Shells  in  ex- 
change for  European  Shells,  mostly  land  and  fresh  water. 

COL.  PARRY,  18  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne,  England. 

SHELLS: — Good  line  of  Shells  of  all  kinds  in  quantities  wanted 
for  mounted  Birds,  Animals,  Reptiles,  Crabs,  Star-Fish,  Corals, 
Sponges,  and  so  on  ;  write  me  for  catalogue  and  state  what  you  have 
in  shells.  T.  VAN  HYNINGS,  Greenwood  Park,  Des  Moiues,  Iowa. 

PUGET  SOUND  Marine  Shells  to  exchange  for  land,  fresh  water 
or  marine.  Send  lists. 

YOUNG  NATURALISTS  ASSOCIATION,  Seattle,  Washington. 

OFFERED  : —  Unio  Friersoni  Wright,  and  other  Louisiana  Shells, 
for  Uniouidae.  L.  S.  FRIERSON,  Frierson  Mill,  La. 


IV  THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  a  fully  illustrated  moiiography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SECOND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Nine  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices  "  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Monography  of  the  Bulimi  has  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices  :— Plain  (uncolored)  edition  $3. oo  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  JS.oo  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  CONCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one  Cloth.  Price  $6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 
address : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 

P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 

American  Naturalist." 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROFS.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  KINGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  O.  WHITMAN,  of  Chicago  University,  Chicago,  III. 

DR.  C.   E.   BESSEY.  of  The  University  of  Nebraska.  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.  H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.   W    S     BAYLEV.  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

PI-.OF.  E    A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

PROF.  H.  C.  WARREN,  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ERWIN  F.  SMITH,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAMPLE  COPY,  15  CENTS. 
THE  EDWARDS  &  DOCKER  CO., 

.is. -,_•<>    l|  I  \<»IC  ST.  I'll  I  I    \  !>l   I  l-ll  I  V      IT.  S.  A. 


MUSEUM' 

A  new  Journal  published  on  the  15th  of  each  month  by  Walter 
F.  Webb.  Albion,  N.  Y.,  devoted  to  NATURAL  SCIENCE,  will 
contain,  from  time  to  time,  fine  bargains  in  shells  and  interesting 
articles  in  this  line.  SEND  lOcrs.  FOR  COPY  AND  MY  CATALOGUE. 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries.)        lOcts.  a  copy. 

THE 

NAUTILUS-* 

/ 

A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 

EDITOR  : 
H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X.  DECEMBER,  1896.  No.  8 


CONTENTS  : 

PAtJK. 
PURFURA  LAPILLUS,  VAR.  IMHRICATA.      By  R.  E.   C.  Stearns.        .  .  .85 

NOTES  ON  NEW  SPECIES  OF  AMNICOLID.*  COLLECTED  BY  DR.  RUSH  IN 

URUGUAY.     By  H.  A.  Pilsbry SO 

DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SOME  NEW  SHELLS  FROM  THE  NEW  HEBRIDES  ARCHI- 
PELAGO.    By  C.  F.  Ancey 90 

NEW  AMERICAN  UNIO.      By  \Vm.  A.  Marsh,  Aledo,  Mercer  Co.,  Illinois.   .  91 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT go 

HENRY  D.  VAN  NOSTRAND.     By  S.  Raymond  Roberls 93 

THE  AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  CONCHOLOGISTS 94 

NOTES  AND  NEWS.      ...........  96 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.  IV.  May,  1890  to  April,  1891,  .  $1.00 
Vol.  V.  May,  1891  to  April,  1892,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VI.  May,  1892  to  April,  1893,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VII.  May,  1893  to  April,  1894,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VIII.  May,  1894  to  April,  1895.  .  1.00 
Vol.  IX.  May,  1895  to  April,  1896.  1.00 

Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologisfs. Ex- 
change" and  Vol.  Ill  of  THE  NAUTILUS,  we  can  furnish  odd 
numbers  only. 

Extras  of  August  and  September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 
Index  to  the  Conehologists'  Exchange  for  binding  with  the  latter, 
will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  copy. 


Advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.OO  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
tion. A  discount  of  25  per  cent,  will  be  made  on  insertions  of 
six  months  or  longer.  In  order  to  have  the  paper  out  promptly, 
"  copy  "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  2Oth  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  W.  JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

~EXCHANGES7 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

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OFFERED  : — Large  and  valuable  collection  of  marine,  land  and 
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WANTED: — No.  7,  vol.  Ill,  of  THE  NAUTILUS.  OFFERED: — 
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OFFERED: — Southern  California  Marine  for  shells  of  the  same 
class  or  land  and  fresh-water  shells. — H.  N.  Lo\vi:, 

113  N.  Los  Robles  Are.,  Pasadena,  Cal. 

FOR  EXCHANGE: — About  fifty  species  of  .Japanese  Shells,  Land, 
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WANTED: — A  specimen  of  Hi'li.t  Roici-Hi  Newc.  Will  give  in 
return  a  fine  new  species  of  Veronire/ln  from  the  Congo,  or  Janella 
teidacitli/la  Gray. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  admiuistrateur — adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizan,  Algeria. 

WANTED: — Helix  in  any  quantity  from  all  Countries,  can  offer 
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THE   NAUTILUS. 


PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE 
OF  SCIENCE. 

Transactions.  Royal  Octavo. 

Vol.  I,  Heilprin,  A. — Explorations  on  the  West  Coast  of  Florida  and  in 
the  Okeechobee  Wilderness.  1887,  134  pp.,  19  plates  (only  a  few 
copies  on  hand).  Price,  $5.00. 

Vol.  II,  Leidy,  Jos. — Some  Fossil  Human  and  Mammalian  Remains  from 
Florida,  Louisiana,  and  Remarks  on  the  Nature  of  Organic  Spe- 
cies (f\il,gur  perversum). — Potts,  Edw.  W.,  Report  upon  some 
Fresh-water  Sponges  Collected  in  Florida.  1889,  56  pp.,  10 
plates.  Price,  $1.00. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  i.  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pulmonate,  Opisthobranchiate  and  Orthodont  Gastro- 
pods. 1890,  200  pp.,  12  plates.  Price,  $2.50. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  Dall,  W.  H. — Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  Streptodont  and  other  Gastropods,  concluded.  1892,272 
pp.,  10  plates,  with  colored  geological  map  of  Fla.  Price,  $3.25. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  3,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida;  A  New  Classification  of  the  Pelecypoda.  1895,  87  pp., 
Price,  75  cts. 

Vol.  Ill,  Part  4,  Dall,  W.  H.— Contributions  to  the  Tertiary  Fauna  of 
Florida  ;  Pelecypoda  (in  preparation). 

Vol.  IV,  Leidy,  Jos.  and  Lucas,  F.  A. — Fossil  Vertebrates  from  the 
Alachua  Clays  of  Florida,  1896,  61  pp.,  19  plates.  Price,  $1.50. 

Reprint  of  Conrad's  "  Medial  Tertiary  "  or  Miocene  Fossils  of  the  U.  S. 
By  W.  H.  Dall.  1893,  140  pp.,  49  plates.  Price,  $3.50. 

Address,  WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

"THEE  MUSEUM" 

A  new  Journal  published  on  the  15th  of  each  month  by  Walter 
F.  Webb,  Albion,  N.  Y.,  devoted  to  NATURAL  SCIENCE,  will 
contain,  from  time  to  time,  fine  bargains  in  shells  and  interesting 
articles  in  this  line.  SEND  IOCTS.  FOR  COPY  AND  MY  CATALOGUE. 


EXCHANGES  (Continued). 

WANTED  : — North   American  Land    and   Marine  Shells  in  ex- 
change for  European  Shells,  mostly  land  and  fresh  water. 

COL.  PARRY,  18  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne,  England. 

SHELLS: — Good  line  of  Shells  of  all  kinds  in  quantities  wanted 

for    mounted    Birds,  Animals,  Reptiles,  Crabs,  Star-Fish,  Corals, 

Sponges,  and  so  on  ;  write  me  for  catalogue  and  state  what  you  have 

in  shells.     T.  VAN  HYNINGS,  Greenwood  Park,  Des  Moiues,  Iowa. 

PUGET  SOUND  Marine  Shells  to  exchange  for  land,  fresh  water 

or  marine.     Send  lists. 

YOUNG  NATURALISTS  ASSOCIATION,  Seattle,  Washington. 
OFFERED: — Unio  Friersonl.  Wright,  and  other  Louisiana  Shells, 
for  Unionidae.  L.  S.  FRIERSON,  Frierson  Mill,  La. 


IV 


THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  GONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  yi  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
fifteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 


ately  at  the  regular  subscription  price.      Separate  copies  ot  the  Itiae: 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Mouography  of  the  Bulimi  has  bceu  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices: — Plain  (uncolored)  edition  53.00  per  part.     Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  $S.oo  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  CONCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.     Three  volumes  bouud  in  one.     Cloth.     Price  £6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 
address : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 

P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 


American  Naturalist." 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROFS    E.   D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  J.  S.  KINGSLEY,  Boston,  Mass. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  O.  WHITMAN,  of  Chicago  University,  Chicago,  III. 

DR.  C.   E.   BESSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.   H.  C.   MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover.  N.  H. 

PROF.   W    S    BAYLEY.  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

Pi'.OF.  E.  A.   ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  V. 

PROF.  H.  C.  WARREN,  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ERWIN  F.  SMITH,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAMPLE  COPY,  15  CENTS. 
THE  EDWARDS  &  DOCKER   CO., 


518-530  MIXOK  ST. 


I'll  I  I    I  III   I   rill  \.    I  .   S.    \. 


HUGH  FULTON, 

DEALER  IN 

Recent  Shells. 

About  10,000  species  in  stock.     The  finest  stock  of   land-shells  of  liny 
dealer.     Only  carefully  authenticated  and  first-class  specimens  sriil  out. 
Exchanges  Made.  Collections  Purchased. 

216  Kings  Road,   London,  England. 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries.)        lOcts.  a  copy. 

THE 


NAUTILUS 


A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS*! 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 


H.  A.  PJLSBR\,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Phila 


ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X. 


JANUARY,  1897. 


No.  9 


CONTENTS  : 

PAGE. 

To  CONCHOLOGISTS  (Editorial). 97 

NOTES  ON  THE  LAND  SHELLS  OF  QUEBEC  CITY  AND   DISTRICT.     By  A. 

W.  Hanham 98 

NEW  LOWER  CALIFORNIAN  BUI.IMULI.     By  H.  A.  Pilshry.        .         .         .   102 

NEW  AMERICAN  UNIONID.C.     By  Wm.  A.  Marsh 103 

ON  SOME  SINISTRAL  LAND  SHELLS.     By  C.  F.  Ancey 104 

COCHLICELLA  VENTRICOSA    Drap.,   NEAR    CHARLESTON,  S.   C.      By  Wm.    G. 

Mazyck 105 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 106 

NOTES  AND  NEWS.  .  108 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


THE  NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.  IV.  May,  1890  to  April,  1891,  .  $1.00 
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Vol.  VI.  May,  1892  to  April,  1893,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VII.  May,  1893  to  April,  1894,  .  1.00 
Vol.  VIII.  May,  1894  to  April,  1895.  .  1.00 
Vol.  IX.  May,  1895  to  April,  1896.  .  1.00 
Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologisffs  Ex- 

chfiii(/e,"    and    Vol.  Ill  of  THE  NAUTILUS,    we  can   furnish    odd 

numbers  only. 

Extras  of  August  and  September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 

Index  to  the  Conchologists'1  Exchange  for  binding  with  the   latter, 

will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  cop}'. 


Advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.OO  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
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"  copy  "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  2Oth  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  W.   JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

YXCKANGEST 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

WANTED:  —  North  American  Land  and  Marine  Shells  in  ex- 
change for  European  Shells,  mostly  land  and  fresh  water. 

COL.  PARRY,  18  Hyde  Gardens,  Eastbourne,  England. 

OFFERED:  —  Large  and  valuable  collection  of  marine,  land  and 
fresh  water  shells,  in  exchange  for  exotic  land  species.     Send  lists. 
Miss  LINTER,  Arragon  Close,  Twickenham,  Middlesex,  Eng. 

PUGET  SOUND  Marine  Shells  to  exchange  for  land,  fresh  water 
or  marine.  Send  lists. 

YOUNG  NATURALISTS  ASSOCIATION,  Seattle,  Washington. 

WANTED:—  A  specimen  of  H,/i.r  Uonrlli  Newc.  Will  give  in 
return  a  h'ue  new  species  of  Veroni<-rll«  from  the  Congo,  or  Janella 


. 
C.  F.  ANCEY,  administrateur—  adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizau,  Algeria. 

OFFERED:  —  Unto  Fri<-i-*i>ni  Wright,  and  other  Louisiana  Shells, 
for  Uniouidse.  L.  S.  FRIERSON,  Friersou  Mill,  La. 

FOR   EXCHANGE:  —  A    large  number    of    minerals,   fossils   and 
shells.     For  named  marine  and  fresh-water  shells. 

H.  B.  DERR,  6561  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago,  111. 

FOR  EXCHANGE:  Pacific  Coast  shells,  for  other  marine  or  land 
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Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

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DR.  C.   E.   1JKSSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.  H.  C.  MERCF.R.  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  ofN.  H.,  Hanover.  N.  H. 

PROF    W    S    BAYLEY,  of  Colby  University,  Waterville.  Me. 

P'-.OF.  E.  A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  Univeisity.  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

PROF.  H.  C.  WARREN.  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ERWIN   F.  SMITH.   Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAJVII'LE  COPY,  15  CENTS. 
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Recent  Shells. 

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Vol.  X.  FEBRUARY,  1897.  No.  1O 


CONTENTS  : 

PAGE. 

ON  THE  GENERIC  POSITION  OF  BULIMUS  GALERICULUM  Mouss.  By    H. 

A.  Pilsbry .109 

TIMOTHY  ABBOTT  CONRAD.                                        .        .  110 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT.    .         .  .  112 

COMMUNICATION.        ...  •  115 

IN  MEMORIAM— JOHN  H.  CAMPBELL.  .  116 

NOTES  AND  NEWS.      ...  .  117 

PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED. .   1-0 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

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for  some  from  other  localities.  WANTED  :  —  Unio  tubt  r<-iiliilii.<  opals, 
fine  crystals,  minerals,  fossils  or  marine  curios. 

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WANTED:  —  A  specimen  of  Helix  Rowlli  Newc.  Will  give  in 
return  a  fine  new  species  of  Veronicella  from  the  Congo,  or  Janella 
tentarn/iil.i  (  iriiy. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  admiuistratcur—  adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizan,  Algeria. 

OFFERED:  —  Unio  Fr'n  i-mmi  \Yright,  and  other  Louisiana  Shells, 
for  Unionid.'  .  L.  S.  FRIERSON,  Frierson  Mill,  La. 

Km:  KXCIIAXHK:  —  A  large  number  of  minerals,  fossils  and 
shells.  For  named  marine  and  fresh-water  shells. 

H.  B.  DERR,  6561  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago,  111. 

Foit  EXCHANGE:  Pacific  Coast  shells,  for  other  marine  or  land 
shells.  MARIA  DRAKE,  750  E.  St.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 


THK    NAUTILUS.  Ill 


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many  of  which  are  en  suite  and  all  in  perfect  condition, 
also  a  fine  generic  collection.  For  further  information, 

ADDRESS:  C.  W.  JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

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CARLSTR^vSSE    11, 

BERLIN,  N.  W.,  GERMANY. 

Reduced  in  price  from  $16.00  to  $10.00,  postage  included. 
Dr.  C.  A.  WESTERLUND'S 

Fauna  der    in  der  paloearktischen  Region  lehenden   Binnen-Con- 
chylien. 

(The  Pals-arctic  fresh  water  and  terrestrial  Mollnsk  Fauna. ) 

2  volumes  (in  7  parts),  with  2  supplements,  1886-90,  2,061  pages 
in  Royal  Octavo. 

The  chief  modern  irork  on  Conchology. 


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IV 


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THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOGY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  \&  a.  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  niollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  morey 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
sixteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SECOND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Ten  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices"  will  be  sold  separ- 
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The  Monography  of  the  Bittimihas,  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices:  —  Plain  (uncolored)  edition  $3.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
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Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  COXCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
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"The  American  Naturalist" 

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PKOF.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.  W    S.   BAYLEY,  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

Py.op.  E.  A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

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DEALER  IN 

Recent  Shells. 

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dealer.     Only  carefully  authenticated  and  first-class  specimens  sent  out. 
Exchanges  Made.  Collections  Purchased. 

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NAUTILUS 

A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS 
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EDITOR: 
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ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Curator  of  the  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X.  MARCH,  1897.  No.  11 


CONTENTS  : 

PAGE. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  NEW  UNIONID.*.         ...  ...  121 

LIST    OF    SPECIES   COLLECTED  AT    BAHIA,   BRAZIL,     BY   DR.    H.    VON 

IHERING.      By  W.  H.  Uall.         .  .        .121 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 123 

A  TRAY  OF  SHELLS  FROM  DENMARK.       .  .  124 

POSTAGE  ON  SPECIMENS  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY.  .         .         .  127 

IN  MEMORIAM — HENRY  MOORES.  ...  .  128 

NOTES  AND  NEWS.      ...  .  130 

PUHLICATIONS  RECEIVED.  .        .  131 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

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^EXCHANGES, 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
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OFFERED  :  —  Large  collection  of  marine,  also  of  rare  land  shells 
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Exotic  Helices. 

Miss  LINTER,  Arragon  Close,  Twickenham,  Middlesex,  Eng. 

FOR  EXCHANGE:  —  Land  and  fresh  water  shells  of  southern  Wis. 
for  some  from  other  localities.  WANTED  :  —  Unio  tuberat  lufnx  opals, 
fine  crystals,  minerals,  fossils  or  marine  curios. 

MRS.  E.  C.  WISWAI.L,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

WANTED:  —  A  specimen  of  Helix  Rouvlli  Newc.  Will  give  in 
return  a  fine  new  species  of  Veronif-lln  from  the  Congo,  or  Janella 
tentaeulata  Gray. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  administrates—  adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizan,  Algeria. 

FOR  EXCHANGE:  —  A  large  number  of  minerals,  fossils  and 
shells.  For  named  marine  and  fresh-water  shells. 

H.  B.  DERR,  6561  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago,  111. 

FOR  EXCHANGE:  Pacific  Coast  shells,  for  other  marine  or  land 
shells.  MARIA  DRAKE,  750  E.  St.,  Tacoma,  Wash. 

WANTED:—  Say,  Biuney,  1858  Ed.  Col.  pi.—  Am.  Jonrn.  Conch. 
OFFERED  :  —  Lea's  Obs.  vol.  V,  Tryon's  Strepomatidce,  Wood's 
Index  Ti'*t.  Lamarck's  great  work  with  hundreds  of  fine  steel  plates, 
200-300  species  shells,  uncommonly  fine  minerals,  Webster's  unabr. 
Diet.  1884—  almost  new—  etc.,  etc.,  etc.  Write  for  list  of  other 
.things  offered.  DR.  R.  J.  KIRKLAND,  85  Shelton  St., 

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The  rare  collection  of  Cypma  belonging  to  the  late  John  H. 
Campbell.     This  collection  embraces  about   165   species, 
many  of  which  are  in  series  and  all  in  perfect  condition, 
also  a  fine  generic  collection.     For  further  information, 
ADDRESS:  C.  W.  JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

R.  FRIEDLANDER  &  SOHN, 

CARLSTRASSE    11, 

BERLIN,  N.  W.,  GERMANY. 

Reduced  in  price  from  $16.00  to  $10.00,  postage  included. 
Dr.  C.  A.  WESTERLUND'S 

Fauna  der   in  der  palsearktischen  Region  lebenden  Binnen-Cou- 
chylien. 

(The  Palsearctic  fresh  water  and  terrestrial  Mollnsk  Fauna. ) 

2  volumes  (in  7  parts),  with  2  supplements,  1886-90,  2,061  pages 
in  Royal  Octavo. 

The  chief  modern  -work  on  Coneholof/i/. 


Please  apply  for  our  CONCHOLOGICAL  CATALOGUE  (106  pages  with 
3,925  titles),  which  will  be  sent  free. 


IV 


THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  GONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A. 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  &  fully  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
sixteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SF.COND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Ten  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices"  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  Si.oo  each. 

The  Monography  of  the  Bulimi  has  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices :— Plain  (uncolored)  edition  $3.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  $8.00  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  CONCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one.  Cloth.  Price  $6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual, 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 
P.  0.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A. 


address : 


"The  American  Naturalist." 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROF.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  Dr.  F.  C.   KENYON,  Washington,  D. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  E.  BESSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR    H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROP.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.  W    S.  BAYLEY,  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

P-OF.  E.  A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL.  Cornell  University,  Ithaca.  N.  Y. 

PROF    H.  C.  WARREN,  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ERWIN   F.  SMITH,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D. 


COPY,  15  CENTS. 
THE  EDWARDS  &  DOCKER   CO., 


518-530  MINOR  ST. 


•Illl    V  l>l   I   I'lll  ».    V.  s.   A. 


HUGH  FULTON, 


DEALER  IN 


Recent  Shells. 


•Vbout  10,000  species  in  stuck.     The  finest  stock  of   land-shells  of  any 
dealer.     Only  carefully  authenticated  and  Brat-class  specimens  sent  out. 
Exchanges  Made.  Collections  Purchased. 

216  Kings  Road,  London,  England. 


$1.00  per  Year.       ($1.12  to  Foreign  Countries.)        lOcts.  a  copy. 

THE 


NAUTILU 


A  MONTHLY 

DEVOTED  TO  THE  INTERESTS    ' 
OF  CONCHOLOGISTS. 

-» ''    — -^'' 

EDITOR: 
H.  A.  PILSBR\,  Conservator  Conchological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philarlelphia. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR  : 
C.  W.  JOHNSON.  Curator  of  the   Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science. 


Vol.  X. 


APRIL,  1897. 


No.  12 


CONTENTS  : 

PAGE. 

THE  IANTHINAS.     By  Charles  T.  Simpson. 133 

VERTIGO  COLORADENSIS  AND  ITS  ALLIES.     By  T.  D.  A.  Cockerel].   .         .  134 
CONTRIBUTION  TO  A  KNOWLEDGE  OF  UNITED  STATES  UNIONID^E.     By  S. 

Hart  Wright. 136 

PLANORBIS  NAUTILEUS  L.   IN  AMERICA.     By  Geo.  W.  Taylor.    .         .         .  139 

ISAAC  LEA  DEPARTMENT 140 

FOSSILS  OF  DEAD  MAN'S  ISLAND.     By  Hon.  Delos  Arnold.        .  .  140 

NOTES  ON  VITREA  CELLARIA  MULL.     By  Mr.  Leon  Walker.       .         .         .   142 

NOTES  AND  NEWS .        .  142 

PUBLICATIONS  RECEIVED.  ....  ....  143 


Published  by 

H.  A.  PILSBRY,  Editor,  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

C.  W.  JOHNSON,  Manager,  Wagner  Free  Institute  of  Science,  Philad'a. 

Entered  at  Philadelphia  Post-Office  as  second-class  matter. 


THE   NAUTILUS. 


BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE  NAUTILUS. 

Vol.      IV.     May,  1890  to  April,  1891,     .     §1.00 
Vol.        V.     May,  1891  to  April,  1892,     .       1.00 
Vol.      VI.     May,  1892  to  April,  1893,     .       1.00 
Vol.    VII.     May,  1893  to  April,  1894,     .       1.00 
Vol.  VIII.     May,  1894  to  April,  1895.     .       1.00 
Vol.     IX.     May,  1895  to  April,  1896.     .       1.00 
Of  Vols.  I  and  II,  which  were  known  as  the  "  Conchologistfa  Ex- 
change,"  and   Vol.  Ill  of  THE  NAUTILUS,    we  can   furnish    odd 
numbers  only. 

Extras  of  August  and  September  number,  (1895)  containing  an 
Index  to  the  Conchologists'  Exchange  for  binding  with  the  latter, 
will  be  furnished  at  10  cents  per  copy. 

Advertisements  will  be  inserted  at  the  rate  of  $1.0O  per 
inch  for  each  insertion  in  advance.  Smaller  space  in  propor- 
tion. A  discount  of  25  per  cent,  will  be  made  on  insertions  of 
six  months  or  longer.  In  order  to  have  the  paper  out  promptly, 
"  copy "  is  put  in  the  printer's  hands  on  the  20th  of  each 
month. 

Address,  C.  VV.  JOHNSON, 

WAGNER  FREE  INSTITUTE, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

EXCHANGEST 

The  following  space  is  to  be  given  to  exchanges.  Notices  not 
exceeding  three  lines,  will  be  free  to  subscribers  as  long  as  our 
limit  of  space  will  allow. 

FOE  EXCHANGE  : — Plan.orbis  nautileus  Lin.,  P.  aroostookensensis 
Pils.  and  other  land  and  fresh  water  shells  of  Northern  Maine.  For 
land,  fresh  water  and  marine  shells. 

OLOF  O.  NYLANDER,  Caribou,  Maine. 

FOR  EXCHANGE: — Land  and  fresh  water  shells  of  southern  Wis. 
for  some  from  other  localities.  WANTED  : —  ('/</<>  tuberculatus  opals, 
fine  crystals,  minerals,  fossils  or  marine  curios. 

MRS.  E.  C.  WISWALL,  Kenosha,  Wis. 

FOR  EXCHANGE: — Land,  fresh  water  and  marine  shells,  (many 
rare  species  offered)  for  species  not  in  my  collection.  List  first. 

C.  F.  ANCEY,  admiuistrateur — adjoint,  Dra-el  Mizan,  Algeria. 
FOR   EXCHANGE: — A    large  number    of    minerals,   fossils   and 
shells.     For  named  marine  and  fresh-water  shells. 

H.  B.  DURR,  6561  Michigan  Ave.,  Chicago,  111. 

FOR  EXCHANGE  : — About  70  species  of  Unios  including  many 
rare  southern  varieties.  W.  8.  STRODE,  M.  D.,  Lewiston,  111. 

WANTED: — Say,  Biuney,  1858  Ed.  Col.  pi. — Am.  Journ.  Conch. 
OFFERED  : — Lea's  Obs.  vol.  V,  Tryon's  Strepomatidce,  Wood's 
Index  7Vrf.  Lamarck's  great  work  with  hundreds  of  fine  steel  plates, 
200-300  species  shells,  uncommonly  fine  minerals,  Webster's  unabr. 
Diet.  1884 — almost  new — etc.,  etc.,  etc.  Write  for  list  of  other 
things  offered.  DR.  R.  J.  KIRKLAND,  85  Shelton  St., 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 


THE    NAUTILUS.  Ill 


The  Natural  Science  Journal 


A  Monthly  Publication  Devoted 
to  the  Natural  Sciences. 

Departments  in  Anthropology,  Botany,  Conchology,  Geographies, 

Geology,  Mineralogy  and  Ornithology,  with  other 

spec'ial  features. 

Subscriptions  ONE  DOLLAR  Per  Year. 

AN  EXCELLENT  LOW  PRICED  ADVERTISING 
MEDIUM. 

Published  by  •        

The  Atlantic  Scientific  Bureau, 

1036  ACUSHNET  AVENUE, 

NEW  BEDFORD,  MASS. 

"  THE  MUSEUM  " 

A  new  Journal  published  on  the  15th  of  each  month  by  Walter 
F.  Webb,  Albion,  N.  Y.,  Devoted  to  NATURAL  SCIENCE,  will 
contain,  from  time  to  time,  fine  bargains  in  shells  and  interesting 
articles  in  this  line.  SEND  lOcTS.  FOE  COPY  AND  MY  CATALOGUE. 


R.  FRIEDLANDER  &  SOHN, 

CA.RLSTRA.SSE    11, 

BERLIN,  N.  W.,  GERMANY. 

Reduced  in  price  from  $16.00  to  $10.00,  postage  included. 
Dr.  C.  A.  WESTERLUND'S 

Fauna  der    in  der  palsearktischen  Region  lebendeu   Binuen-Con- 
chylien. 

(The  Pala'arctic  fresh  water  and  terrestrial  Mollnsk  Fauna. ) 

2  volumes  (in  7  parts),  with  2  supplements,  1886-90,  2,061  pages 
in  Royal  Octavo. 

The  chief  modern  icork  on 


Please  apply  for  our  CONCHOLOGICAL  CATALOGUE  (106  pages  with 
3,925  titles),  which  will  be  sent  free. 


IV 


THE    NAUTILUS. 


THE  MANUAL  OF  CONCHOLOQY. 

Founded  by  the  late  Geo.  W.  Tryon,  Jr.,  continued  under  the  care  of  the  Con- 
chological  Section,  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  by  Henry  A. 
Pilsbry,  Conservator. 

The  Manual  of  Conchology  is  afttl/y  illustrated  monography  of  recent  mollusks. 

Issued  in  octavo  form,  in  quarterly  parts.  Each  part  comprises  64  (or  more) 
pages  of  letterpress,  and  15  to  20  plates. 

Two  series  are  now  in  progress  :  the  FIRST  SERIES,  Marine  Univalves,  of  which 
sixteen  volumes  have  appeared,  finishing  the  series  as  planned  by  its  illustrious 
founder.  A  supplemental  volume  to  this  series  will  be  issued  this  year,  to  contain 
some  families  not  heretofore  considered.  Of  the  SECOND  SERIES,  Terrestrial 
Molluscs,  Ten  Volumes  have  been  published,  completing  Helix  with  index.  A  few 
copies  of  Vol.  IX  of  this  series,  "  Guide  to  the  Study  of  Helices  "  will  be  sold  separ- 
ately at  the  regular  subscription  price.  Separate  copies  of  the  Index,  suitable  for 
the  purposes  of  a  Catalogue  or  Check  list  can  also  be  had  at  $1.00  each. 

The  Mouography  of  the  Buliini  has  been  commenced  in  the  tenth  volume. 

The  illustrations  of  the  Manual  have  received  high  commendation,  and  are  fully 
equal  to  the  best  figures  of  shells  published. 

Prices  :— Plain  (uncolored)  edition  $3.00  per  part.  Colored  edition  $5.00  per  part. 
Fine  edition  (both  colored  and  India-tinted  plates)  $S.oo  per  part. 

Structural  and  Systematic  Conchology,  by  GEO  W.  TRYON,  Jr. 

A  COMPLETE  COXCHOLOGICAL  TEXT  BOOK  of  1200  pages,  140  plates  and  over  3500. 
figures  of  Genera,  Anatomy,  etc.  Three  volumes  bound  in  one.  Cloth.  Price  $6.00. 

For  further  information  or  descriptive  circular,  with  sample  plates  of  Manual,, 
address : 

S.  RAYMOND  ROBERTS,  Treasurer, 
P.  O.  Address,  GLEN  RIDGE,  NEW  JERSEY,  U.  S.  A.. 

"The  American  Naturalist"' 

MANAGING  EDITORS  : 

PROF.  E.  D.  COPE,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  Dr.  F.  C.  KENYON,  Washington,  D.  C. 

ASSOCIATE  EDITORS: 

DR.  C.  E.   BESSEY,  of  The  University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

DR.  H.  C.  MERCER,  of  The  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

PROP.  C    M.  WEED,  College  of  N.  H.,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

PROF.  W    S.  BAYLEY,  of  Colby  University,  Waterville,  Me. 

P»OF.  E.  A.  ANDREWS,  of  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

PROF.  A.  C.  GILL,  Cornell  Univeisity.  Ithaca,  N.  V. 

PROF.  H.  C.  WARREN,  Princeton    University,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

ERW1N   F.  SMITH,   Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

SAMPLE  COPY,  15  CENTS. 
THE  EDWARDS  &  DOCKER  CO., 

518-520  MINOR  ST.  PHILADELPHIA,   U.  S.  A^ 


^^-- 


HUGH  FULTON, 


DEALER  IN 


Recent  Shells. 


About  10,000  species  in  stock.     The  finest  stock  of  land-shells  of  any- 
dealer.     Only  carefully  authenticated  and  first-class  specimens  sent  out. 
Exchanges  Made.  Collections  Purchased. 

216  Kings  Road,  London,  England. 


UH    17UG    J